Abstract: The inner wall surfaces on the discharge sides of a cooling area have arc-like curved surfaces. The curvature of upper-side inner wall surfaces above a boundary part and the curvature of lower-side inner wall surfaces below the boundary part are set to be different from one another, the boundary part being located above the center line of cooling devices.

Abstract: A turbocompressor provided with a case, a centrifugal first stage and second stage compressing unit disposed on the case, and a driver unit for driving the first stage and second stage compressing units. The interior of the case is partitioned into a first cooling area which houses a first cooling device, a second cooling area which houses a second cooling device, an oil tank, and a blowoff silencer chamber. The blowoff silencer chamber is located between the oil tank and the first cooling area and the second cooling area in the interior of the case.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of multi-level memory cells provided on a major surface of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type. A first semiconductor region of a second conductivity type is selectively provided in the surface of the semiconductor substrate between the multi-level memory cells. A second semiconductor region is provided deeper than the first semiconductor region and includes a first conductivity type impurity. A plurality of binary memory cells are provided on the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a third semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is selectively provided in the surface of the semiconductor substrate between the binary memory cells. Amount of the first conductivity type impurity compensating a second conductivity type impurity of the first semiconductor region is larger than that of the third semiconductor region.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate and an element isolation insulating film which isolates a element formation region in a surface portion of the semiconductor substrate. A depletion-type channel region of a first conductivity type is formed in an inner region which is in the element formation region of the semiconductor substrate and is a predetermined distance or more away from the element isolation insulating film. A gate electrode is formed above the element formation region with a gate insulating film located in between in such a manner as to traverse over the channel region and to overlap with portions of the element isolation insulating film which are located on both sides of the element formation region. Source/drain regions of the first conductivity type are formed in the channel region respectively on both sides of the gate electrode.

Abstract: A packing bag structure formed of inner and outer bag members made of synthetic resin inner and outer films having different moisture permeabilities enables easy-to-dry moist foods or other perishable products to be packed in a suitable state and stored in a non-soggy and untarnished condition. The inner film has moisture permeability of 9 to 200 g/(m2·24 h), preferably 20 to 30 g/(m2·24 h), and the outer film has moisture permeability of 4 to 15 g/(m2·24 h), preferably 7 to 10 g/(m2·24 h). The packing bag is produced by folding a long film sheet formed of the inner and outer films into two, having an article such as food placed between the twofold film sheet, thermally sealing the film sheet by using an end sealer and cutting off the packed and sealed portion.

Abstract: Providing a thermopile element which can follow securely a temperature change of a cold junction of a thermopile according to temperature change of environment, the thermopile element includes a membrane provided on a silicon substrate, a heat sink provided around the membrane, a thermopile structured with a plurality of hot junctions and a plurality of cold junctions arranged on the membrane and on the heat sink, and a thin film thermistor for detecting a temperature of the cold junction received and fixed in a recess formed on the heat sink of the thermopile element.

Abstract: The projector type vehicle headlamp includes a light source, a reflector including a reflection surface for reflecting light from the light source, and a condenser lens that irradiates reflected light from the reflection surface forwards. The reflection surface includes a plurality of segments, and is formed of a free-form surface obtained by deforming a reference ellipsoid of revolution. The light source is arranged between a first focal point of the reference ellipsoid of revolution and the condenser lens, closer to the first focal point than to the condenser lens. Segments forming one end and other end portions of a light distribution pattern includes a wide area-illuminating reflection surface that makes the one end and the other end portions substantially a rectangular shape, where the other end portion is opposite to the one end portion with respect to a center of the light distribution pattern.

Abstract: A packing bag structure formed of inner and outer bag members made of synthetic resin inner and outer films having different moisture permeabilities enables easy-to-dry moist foods or other perishable products to be packed in a suitable state and stored in a non-soggy and untarnished condition. The inner film has moisture permeability of 9 to 200 g/(m2·24 h), preferably 20 to 30 g/(m2·24 h), and the outer film has moisture permeability of 4 to 15 g/(m2·24 h), preferably 7 to 10 g/(m2·24 h). The packing bag is produced by folding a long film sheet formed of the inner and outer films into two, having an article such as food placed between the twofold film sheet, thermally sealing the film sheet by using an end sealer and cutting off the packed and sealed portion.

Abstract: A brushless motor capable of increasing energy density by effective utilization of reluctance torque. The brushless motor comprises a stator (5) and a rotor (1) having a lateral surface opposed to the stator (5). The stator (5) comprises a plurality of radially extending iron cores (10) and a plurality of windings (11) for generating a magnetic field in each iron core (10). The rotor (1) comprises a plurality of permanent magnets (2) and a magnetic field line inducing body disposed between each permanent magnet (2) and the lateral surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a reduced contact resistance between a tungsten film and a polysilicon layer and has a gate electrode prevented from being depleted for a reduced gate resistance. According to a method of fabricating such a semiconductor device, a semiconductor device having a gate electrode of a polymetal gate structure which comprises a three-layer structure having a tungsten (W) film, a tungsten nitride (WN) film, and a polysilicon (PolySi) layer, is manufactured by nitriding the sides of the gate electrode at a nitriding temperature ranging from 700° C. to 950° C. in an ammonia atmosphere after the gate electrode is formed and before side selective oxidization is performed on the gate electrode.

Abstract: The projector type vehicle headlamp includes a light source, a reflector including a reflection surface for reflecting light from the light source, and a condenser lens that irradiates reflected light from the reflection surface forwards. The reflection surface includes a plurality of segments, and is formed of a free-form surface obtained by deforming a reference ellipsoid of revolution. The light source is arranged between a first focal point of the reference ellipsoid of revolution and the condenser lens, closer to the first focal point than to the condenser lens. Segments forming one end and other end portions of a light distribution pattern includes a wide area-illuminating reflection surface that makes the one end and the other end portions substantially a rectangular shape, where the other end portion is opposite to the one end portion with respect to a center of the light distribution pattern.

Abstract: A clock generator is provided which comprises a reference signal generator; a voltage controller/generator to generate a dot clock signal; a frequency divider to divide the frequency of the dot clock signal supplied from the voltage controller/generator; a phase comparator to detect a phase difference between the reference signal supplied from the reference signal generator and a signal supplied from the frequency divider; a frequency division ratio setter to set the frequency division ratio in the frequency divider to less than a quotient resulted from division of a total number of horizontal pixels in each of the video signals by a greatest common divisor of the total of horizontal pixels in the video signal having one format and total number of horizontal pixels in the video signal having the other format; and a frequency division ratio selector to select a frequency division ratio set by the frequency division ratio setter correspondingly to a format of a video signal.

Abstract: A brushless motor capable of increasing energy density by effective utilization of reluctance torque. The brushless motor comprises a stator (5) and a rotor (1) having a lateral surface opposed to the stator (5). The stator (5) comprises a plurality of radially extending iron cores (10) and a plurality of windings (11) for generating a magnetic field in each iron core (10). The rotor (1) comprises a plurality of permanent magnets (2) and a magnetic field line inducing body disposed between each permanent magnet (2) and the lateral surface.

Abstract: A magnetic disk includes a substrate, a magnetic layer, and a protective layer. At least one region of a surface of the magnetic disk has protrusions. A height of each of the protrusions is not less than 5 nm and not greater than 40 nm, and is within ±30% of an average height of the protrusions. A density of the protrusions is not less than 200/mm2 and is not greater than 250,000/mm2. A width of a surface of each of the protrusions in a radial direction of the magnetic disk is not less than 0.1 &mgr;m and is not greater than 10 &mgr;m. The protrusions are discrete protrusions aligned in a spiral direction of the magnetic disk at a predetermined spacing in the radial direction of the magnetic disk. The at least one region of the surface of the magnetic disk includes flat areas between the protrusions.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium having a non-magnetic disk substrate and a magnetic film formed on the surface of the non-magnetic disk substrate, a surface average roughness factor Ra(r) on the surface of the medium being from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, an orientation ratio of coercivity being from 0.1 to 0.7, and an in-plane magnetic anisotropic energy being from 3.times.10.sup.4 J/m.sup.3 to 5.times.10.sup.5 J/m.sup.3. By using such a medium, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus in which the magnetic head is capable of flying in a low position and high-density recording is achieved.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetic disk apparatus comprising: at least one magnetic disk having a magnetic layer and a surface protective layer on a substrate; a magnetic head which faces the magnetic disk in a rotating state with a micro gap and is supported by a slider; rotating means for rotating the magnetic disk; and a actuator for moving and positioning the magnetic head to a predetermined position on the magnetic disk, wherein a plurality of protrusions each having a flat surface are formed in at least a region on the surface of the magnetic disk where a contact start/stop operation can be executed. According to the above magnetic disk apparatus, since the frictional force between the disk and the head is small and the flying height of the head can be reduced and the good floating stability is obtained, so that the excellent recording and reproducing characteristics are derived.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a non-magnetic substrate, and a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic substrate. The value of the product Br.sub.1 .delta. of the residual flux density Br.sub.1 of the magnetic layer determined in a recording direction and the thickness .delta. of the magnetic layer is not less than 5 G.mu.m and not more than 180 G.mu.m; the value of the ratio of Br.sub.1 to the residual flux density Br.sub.2 determined in a direction parallel to the substrate plane and perpendicular to the recording direction, Br.sub.1 /Br.sub.2, is not less than 1.3 and not more than 3; the surface of the non-magnetic substrate has texture grooves therein extending predominantly in the recording direction; and the average roughness factor Ra of the surface of the magnetic layer determined in a direction perpendicular to the substrate plane and perpendicular to the recording direction is not less than 0.3 nm and not more than 1.9 nm. Alternatively, the value of the product Br.delta.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium having a nonmagnetic disk substrate and a magnetic film formed on the surface of the non-magnetic disk substrate, a surface average roughness factor Ra(r) on the surface of the medium being from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, an orientation ratio of coercivity being from 0.1 to 0.7, and an in-plane magnetic anisotropic energy being from 3.times.10.sup.4 J/m.sup.3 to 5.times.10.sup.5 J/m.sup.3. By using such a medium, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus in which the magnetic head is capable of flying in a low position and high-density recording is achieved.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium excellent in corrosion resistance and rubbing reliability is realized by forming a number of concavities and convexities on the surface of a protective layer formed on a substrate and applying dry etching with a noble gas after the formation of the concavities and convexities to form a modified layer having hydrophobic nature on the surface of the protective layer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a magnetic disk having a surface shape so designed as to satisfy flying and sliding characteristics in CSS and to avoid head adhesion even in a high-density recording. The surface shape of the contact surface of the magnetic disk for contact with a sliding surface of a magnetic head plays a very important role in the magnetic disk characteristics such as the head flying characteristics, the head adhesion and the CSS characteristics, and it has been found that a three-dimensional load ratio BR5 (0.5% to 10%) and a symmetric property Rsk (0.5 to 2) of a cross-section curve representing depressions and projections on the surface are essential as items of evaluation of this surface shape. For example, the surface shape of an aluminum alloy disk plated with Ni-P is processed in such a manner that the load ratio of the three-dimensional load ratio BR5 is 0.5% to 10% and that the symmetric property Rsk of the cross-sectional shape of this surface is 0.5 to 2.