Abstract: Provided are a piezoelectric thin film having good piezoelectricity in which a rhombohedral structure and a tetragonal structure are mixed, and a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric thin film. The piezoelectric thin film includes a perovskite type metal oxide, in which the perovskite type metal oxide is a mixed crystal system of at least a rhombohedral structure and a tetragonal structure, and a ratio between an a-axis lattice parameter and a c-axis lattice parameter of the tetragonal structure satisfies 1.15?c/a?1.30. The piezoelectric element includes on a substrate: the above-mentioned piezoelectric thin film; and a pair of electrodes provided in contact with the piezoelectric thin film.

Abstract: The deterioration judgment for an absorption reduction type NOx catalyst (1) is performed quickly and correctly. A catalyst deterioration judging system comprises a supply unit (5) which supplies a reducing agent, a measuring unit (8) which measures a NOx concentration in an exhaust gas at a position downstream from the catalyst (1), a control unit (10) which regulates an amount of the reducing agent so that an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is a lean air-fuel ratio when the reducing agent is supplied from the supply unit (5), and a judging unit (10) which judges deterioration of the catalyst (1) on the basis of the NOx concentration measured by the measuring unit (8) when the amount of the reducing agent is regulated so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is the lean air-fuel ratio when NOx is absorbed by the catalyst (1).

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide a method for efficiently producing compounds (1) and (1a) that are important intermediate compounds in the production of FXa inhibitors (X) and (X-a). The solutions thereto are a method for producing a compound represented by the formula (8d) using a stereoselective intramolecular cyclization reaction, and a method for producing a compound (1f) or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, which is characterized by desulfonylation of the compound (8d). In each formula, R4a represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, a benzyl group, etc.

Abstract: An upper end portion 24A of a sunroof drain hose 24 that guides water in a water discharge groove section 22 in a vehicle downward direction is in communication with the water discharge groove section 22 formed on a vehicle cabin side of a sunroof opening portion 14. A grommet 30 is connected to a lower end of the sunroof drain hose 24. The grommet 30 includes a main body member 32, a cap member 40, and a cover member 50. The cap member 40 is capable of opening and closing, and is disposed at a discharge outlet 32B that is an outlet of a flow path 32A formed inside a main body member 32.

Abstract: The present invention provides an abnormality diagnosis apparatus for an exhaust gas purification apparatus having an SCR catalyst, with which a misdiagnosis of an abnormality in the SCR catalyst even though the SCR catalyst is normal can be suppressed. In the present invention, a NOx purification ratio is determined using an estimated NOx inflow amount as a parameter, and an abnormality in the SCR catalyst is diagnosed on the basis of the NOx purification ratio. According to the present invention, a minimum NH3 adsorption amount is determined as an NH3 adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst in a condition where an actual NOx inflow amount reaches a maximum. When the minimum NH3 adsorption amount equals or exceeds a predetermined amount, a determination is made as to whether or not a NOx purification ability of the SCR catalyst has deteriorated from a normal condition by comparing the NOx purification ratio with a first threshold.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to efficiently produce an optically active bicyclic compound. The optically active bicyclic compound is efficiently produced using an enzyme.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separation device includes a plurality of fixed members and movable members that are movably disposed between the adjacent fixed members, and a screw extending through the fixed members and the movable members in a state where the screw is not in contact with the fixed members and the movable members. The screw is rotationally driven about a center axis line thereof. A filtrate separated from an object is discharged to the outside of the solid-liquid separation portion through filtrate discharge gaps, and the object that has a reduced liquid content ratio is discharged from the outlet to the outside. In order to increase significantly a dewatering ratio, the movable members are formed to move while penetrating closer to the center axis line of the screw than an outer circumferential edge of the blade of the screw, without coming into contact with the screw.

Abstract: Provided are a bismuth-based piezoelectric material whose insulation property is improved while its performance as a piezoelectric body is not impaired and a piezoelectric device using the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): Bix(Fe1-yCoy)O3??(1) where 0.95?x?1.25 and 0?y?0.30, and a root mean square roughness Rq (nm) of a surface of the piezoelectric material satisfies a relationship of 0<Rq?25y+2 (0?y?0.30).

Abstract: A probiotic lactobacillus was discovered from lactobacilli of the Lactobacillus genus independently isolated from human adult feces.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a compound represented by the formula R1C(OR7)3, wherein R1 represents a C1-C19 alkyl group and R7 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group by reacting a compound represented by the following formula (15): wherein R1 represents a C1-C19 alkyl group, R7 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group and X represents Cl, Br, I, HSO4 or NO3, with a compound represented by the formula R7—OH, wherein R7 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, in a solvent which forms a bilayer system.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 represents a C1-C19 alkyl, R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl, and Ac represents an acetyl, wherein the compound of the formula (I) is optionally contained with up to 10 wt. % of a compound represented by the following formula (II): or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, involving reacting a compound represented by the following formula (13): wherein R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl and Ac represents an acetyl, with a compound represented by the formula R1C(OR7)3, wherein R1 represents a C1-C19 alkyl and R7 represents a C1-C6 alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: In the engine including an MPL-EGR system having an HPL-EGR mechanism 6 and an LPL-EGR mechanism 7, a pressure difference between upstream side pressure and downstream side pressure of a low pressure EGR cooler 73 provided in the LPL-EGR mechanism 7 is detected by a pressure difference sensor 89. When an actual pressure difference value detected is higher than a reference pressure difference value in a state where no blocking occurs in the LPL-EGR mechanism 7, and the deviation amount therebetween reaches a predetermined amount, it is determined that the blocking occurs in the inside of the low pressure EGR cooler 73. In contrast, when the actual pressure difference value detected is lower than the reference pressure difference value, and the deviation amount therebetween reaches a predetermined amount, it is determined that the blocking occurs in the inside of the pipe members 74 and 75 except the low pressure EGR cooler 73.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] To enhance the performance for separation of oil mist from blow-by gas. [Solution] A filter element 13 which is to be attached to an oil separator unit 3 includes a core 31. This core is a double tube having an internal cylindrical member 34 and an external cylindrical member 35, and a space between the internal cylindrical member and the external cylindrical member is used as a separation chamber 36. An injection hole 39 for injecting blow-by gas while increasing its flow velocity is provided in the internal cylindrical member. A surface which is an inner wall surface of the external cylindrical member and which faces the injection hole is a spraying surface onto which the blow-by gas injected from the injection hole is sprayed. Moreover, an opening for oil discharge from which oil OL condensed on the spraying surface is discharged, and an opening for discharge from which the blow-by gas from which oil mist has been separated is discharged are provided in the core.

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide a method for efficiently producing compounds (1) and (1a) that are important intermediate compounds in the production of FXa inhibitors (X) and (X-a). The solutions thereto are a method for producing a compound represented by the formula (8d) using a stereoselective intramolecular cyclization reaction, and a method for producing a compound (1f) or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, which is characterized by desulfonylation of the compound (8d). In each formula, R4a represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, a benzyl group, etc.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 represents a C1-C19 alkyl, R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl and Ac represents an acetyl, the compound represented by the formula (I) is optionally contained with up to 10 wt. % of a compound represented by the following formula (II): having a chemical purity of 97 wt. % or higher, wherein in the case where the compound represented by the formula (II) is contained with the compound represented by formula (I), the chemical purity of the mixture of the compound represented by the formula (I) and the compound represented by the formula (II) is 97 wt. % or higher.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for efficiently producing (1S,4S,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one (1), which is important as an intermediate compound for the production of an FXa-inhibiting compound. A method for producing (1S,4S,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one (1), which comprises treating an (R)-?-phenylethylamine salt of (S)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin or N-bromosuccinimide in a solvent.

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide a method for producing a compound having excellent activity as an ?2? ligand. The solution thereto is a method for producing a compound represented by the general formula (VI) or a salt thereof via an iminium salt: [in the formula, R1: a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group].

Abstract: According to a method of generating a key of the present invention, a first device and a second device are first brought into contact with one vibrator. In this state, the vibrator generates vibration. A first acceleration sensor provided in the first device and a second acceleration sensor provided in the second device detect the vibration. Subsequently, the first device notifies the second device of a first feature value based upon the detection result of the first acceleration sensor. The second device notifies the first device of a second feature value based upon the detection result of the second acceleration sensor. Then the first device compares the notified second feature value with the first feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result. The second device compares the notified first feature value with the second feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result.

Abstract: An optical sheet includes a light scattering layer that scatters at least a part of light incident thereon by diffraction and that includes first and second areas. Each first area is a projection. Each second area is a recess. Each of at least the projections or the recesses has a tapered shape. When a center wavelength of the light incident on the light scattering layer is ? and a refractive index of a layer that is in contact with the light scattering layer at a light emission side is n, spatial frequency components of a pattern formed by the first and second areas have a maximum peak at a spatial frequency in a range of 0.068/(?×n) or more and 2.8/(?×n) or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides an abnormality diagnosis apparatus for an exhaust gas purification apparatus having an SCR catalyst, with which a misdiagnosis of an abnormality in the SCR catalyst even though the SCR catalyst is normal can be suppressed. In the present invention, a NOx purification ratio is determined using an estimated NOx inflow amount as a parameter, and an abnormality in the SCR catalyst is diagnosed on the basis of the NOx purification ratio. According to the present invention, a minimum NH3 adsorption amount is determined as an NH3 adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst in a condition where an actual NOx inflow amount reaches a maximum. When the minimum NH3 adsorption amount equals or exceeds a predetermined amount, a determination is made as to whether or not a NOx purification ability of the SCR catalyst has deteriorated from a normal condition by comparing the NOx purification ratio with a first threshold.