Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide a method for producing a compound having excellent activity as an ?2? ligand.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for producing a compound having excellent activity as an ?2? ligand.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a pyrrole derivative useful as an immunosuppressive agent and a method for producing the same. For achieving the object, the present invention provides a method for producing a compound represented by the general formula (I) by heating a compound represented by the general formula (III) and a compound represented by the general formula (IV) in a nonpolar solvent under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a compound represented by the formula (13): wherein R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl group and Ac represents an acetyl group, including reacting a compound represented by the following formula (12): wherein R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl group, Ac represents an acetyl group and Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, with water.

Abstract: An accurate determination of deterioration of a NOx storage reduction catalyst. A supply device supplies a reducing agent to the NOx catalyst to change an air fuel ratio of an exhaust gas passing through the NOx catalyst, an NH3 detection device detects NH3 in the exhaust gas at the downstream side of the NOx catalyst, a control device adjusts an amount of the reducing agent so that the air fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes a predetermined rich air fuel ratio, and a determination device makes a determination that the NOx catalyst has deteriorated, when a detected value of the NH3 detection device becomes equal to or greater than a threshold value, at the time of supplying the reducing agent while adjusting the amount of the reducing agent so that the air fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes the predetermined rich air fuel ratio.

Abstract: The determination of deterioration of a NOx storage reduction catalyst (4) is carried out more accurately. When a reducing agent is supplied from a supply device (5) to the NOx catalyst (4), a first supply of the reducing agent and a second supply of the reducing agent are carried out in a sequential manner by adjusting an amount of the reducing agent in such a manner that an air fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes a predetermined rich air fuel ratio, and a determination whether or not the NOx catalyst (4) has deteriorated is made based on a detected value of a detection device (8), which detects NH3 in the exhaust gas at the downstream side of the NOx catalyst (4), after a predetermined period of time has elapsed from the start of the first supply of the reducing agent, and after the start of the second supply of the reducing agent.

Abstract: The deterioration judgment for an absorption reduction type NOx catalyst is performed quickly and correctly. A catalyst deterioration judging system includes a judging unit which judges that the absorption reduction type NOx catalyst is deteriorated if a detected value of an NH3 detecting unit is not more than a threshold value within a predetermined time immediately after starting supply of a reducing agent from a supply unit while regulating an amount of the reducing agent so that the air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas is a rich air-fuel ratio by means of a control unit when NOx is absorbed by the absorption reduction type NOx catalyst.

Abstract: A roller shade apparatus for a vehicle includes a shade sheet placed selectively in wound-up and extended states, the wound-up state being established to uncover a light transmitting member mounted to the vehicle when the shade sheet is moved in an opening direction, the extended state being established to shield the light transmitting member when the shade sheet is moved in a closing direction, a pair of guide rails extending in the opening and closing directions, and guide belts slidably supported by respective guide portions of the guide rails along the opening and closing directions and connected to respective side end portions of the shade sheet, wherein each guide belt curved in the width direction includes a convex surface, a central portion of the convex surface is connected to each side end portion, and each guide portion includes a pair of lock portions locking side portions of the guide belt.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing neuraminic acid compounds and synthetic intermediates of neuraminic acid compounds, including a method for manufacturing a compound represented by wherein R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl, R3 represents a C1-C6 alkyl, R4 and R5 represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl or a phenyl, or R4 and R5 together form a tetramethylene, a pentamethylene or an oxo, and Ac represents an acetyl, comprising reacting a compound represented by wherein R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl, R3 represents a C1-C6 alkyl, R4 and R5 represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl or a phenyl, or R4 and R5 together form a tetramethylene, a pentamethylene or an oxo, with trimethylsilyl azide in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly-pure pyrroloquinolinyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione and pyrroloquinolinyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, for example, 3-(5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-1-yl)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3-(5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-1-yl)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and diastereomers thereof. The present invention also relates to methods for preparing highly-pure pyrroloquinolinyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione and pyrroloquinolinyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, for example, 3-(5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-1-yl)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3-(5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-1-yl)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and diastereomers thereof.

Abstract: According to a method of generating a key of the present invention, a first device and a second device are first brought into contact with one vibrator. In this state, the vibrator generates vibration. A first acceleration sensor provided in the first device and a second acceleration sensor provided in the second device detect the vibration. Subsequently, the first device notifies the second device of a first feature value based upon the detection result of the first acceleration sensor. The second device notifies the first device of a second feature value based upon the detection result of the second acceleration sensor. Then the first device compares the notified second feature value with the first feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result. The second device compares the notified first feature value with the second feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result.

Abstract: An exhaust upstream section (48) of an exhaust apparatus (E) comprises a plurality of branch pipe portions (32), a plurality of intermediate collector pipe portions (33), a final collector pipe portion (34), and an exhaust gas-purifying unit (40). The exhaust gas-purifying unit (40) is disposed on a vehicle-rear side of an engine (1) to allow a gas passage thereinside to extend approximately in vehicle-widthwise direction, in top plan view. Each of the plurality of intermediate collector pipe portions (33) curves to allow an exhaust downstream region of the intermediate collector pipe portion (33) to be oriented toward one side or the other side of the vehicle-widthwise direction, in top plan view, and the final collector pipe portion (34) curves to allow an exhaust downstream region of the final collector pipe portion (34) to be oriented toward a vehicle-front side, in top plan view.

Abstract: The deterioration judgment for an absorption reduction type NOx catalyst is performed quickly and correctly. A catalyst deterioration judging system includes a supply unit which supplies a reducing agent, a measuring unit which measures a NOx concentration in an exhaust gas at a position downstream from the catalyst, a control unit which regulates an amount of the reducing agent so that an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is a lean air-fuel ratio when the reducing agent is supplied from the supply unit, and a judging unit which judges deterioration of the catalyst on the basis of the NOx concentration measured by the measuring unit when the amount of the reducing agent is regulated so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is the lean air-fuel ratio when NOx is absorbed by the catalyst.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] To enhance the performance for separation of oil mist from blow-by gas. [Solution] A filter element 13 which is to be attached to an oil separator unit 3 includes a core 31. This core is a double tube having an internal cylindrical member 34 and an external cylindrical member 35, and a space between the internal cylindrical member and the external cylindrical member is used as a separation chamber 36. An injection hole 39 for injecting blow-by gas while increasing its flow velocity is provided in the internal cylindrical member. A surface which is an inner wall surface of the external cylindrical member and which faces the injection hole is a spraying surface onto which the blow-by gas injected from the injection hole is sprayed. Moreover, an opening for oil discharge from which oil OL condensed on the spraying surface is discharged, and an opening for discharge from which the blow-by gas from which oil mist has been separated is discharged are provided in the core.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, in which an NOX selective reducing catalyst (15) is arranged inside an engine exhaust passage, and aqueous urea stored in an aqueous urea tank (20) is fed to the NOX selective reducing catalyst (15) to selectively reduce the NOX. The aqueous urea tank (20) comprises a main tank (20a) and a sub tank (20b) arranged inside the main tank (20a). The aqueous urea in the sub tank (20b) is sent to an aqueous urea feed valve (17). When the aqueous urea tank (20) should be refilled with aqueous urea, the sub tank (20b) is refilled with aqueous urea. It is detected by a level sensor (40) if the aqueous urea in the aqueous urea tank (20) is refilled. When it is judged that the NOX purification rate falls below an allowable level at the time of engine operation right after the aqueous urea in the aqueous urea tank (20) has been refilled, it is judged that the refilled aqueous urea is abnormal.

Abstract: In the engine including an MPL-EGR system having an HPL-EGR mechanism 6 and an LPL-EGR mechanism 7, a pressure difference between upstream side pressure and downstream side pressure of a low pressure EGR cooler 73 provided in the LPL-EGR mechanism 7 is detected by a pressure difference sensor 89. When an actual pressure difference value detected is higher than a reference pressure difference value in a state where no blocking occurs in the LPL-EGR mechanism 7, and the deviation amount therebetween reaches a predetermined amount, it is determined that the blocking occurs in the inside of the low pressure EGR cooler 73. In contrast, when the actual pressure difference value detected is lower than the reference pressure difference value, and the deviation amount therebetween reaches a predetermined amount, it is determined that the blocking occurs in the inside of the pipe members 74 and 75 except the low pressure EGR cooler 73.

Abstract: The present inventors discovered that microfiltration retentates of whey, and products obtained by treating whey using centrifugation and/or ammonium sulfate precipitation, have the activity of inhibiting rotavirus infection. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing rotavirus infection, comprising administering to a subject a composition that comprises a whey cream serum obtained by treating whey by centrifugation, or a dehydrated product thereof, wherein the antiviral activity of said composition is retained after heat treatment.

Abstract: Provided are a bismuth-based piezoelectric material whose insulation property is improved while its performance as a piezoelectric body is not impaired, and a piezoelectric device using the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): Bix(Fe1-yCoy)O3??(1) where 0.95?x?1.25 and 0?y?0.30, and a root mean square roughness Rq (nm) of a surface of the piezoelectric material satisfies a relationship of 0<Rq?25y+2 (0?y?0.30).

Abstract: A solid-liquid separation device includes a plurality of fixed members and movable members that are movably disposed between the adjacent fixed members, and a screw extending through the fixed members and the movable members in a state where the screw is not in contact with the fixed members and the movable members. The screw is rotationally driven about a center axis line thereof. A filtrate separated from an object is discharged to the outside of the solid-liquid separation portion through filtrate discharge gaps, and the object that has a reduced liquid content ratio is discharged from the outlet to the outside. In order to increase significantly a dewatering ratio, the movable members are formed to move while penetrating closer to the center axis line of the screw than an outer circumferential edge of the blade of the screw, without coming into contact with the screw.

Abstract: A determination is made more simply as to a malfunction of a low pressure EGR device that supplies an EGR gas from a low pressure EGR passage connecting between an exhaust passage at a location downstream of a turbine and an intake passage.