Abstract: Improvement in the reliability of a semiconductor device is aimed at. By heating a lead frame, after preparing a lead frame with a tape, until a resin molding is performed, at the temperature 160 to 300° C. (preferably 180 to 300° C.) for a total of more than 2 minutes in the atmosphere which has oxygen, crosslinkage density becoming high in resin of adhesives, a low molecular compound volatilizes and jumps out outside, therefore as a result, since a low molecular compound does not remain in resin of adhesives, the generation of copper migration can be prevented.

Abstract: Light having polarization is irradiated onto an article, and then quality of the article is diagnosed using a pre-input correlation function between quality of the article and a variation of polarization of the light reflected from the article. Further, the quality of the article is diagnosed by measuring a reflection absorbance difference or a reflection absorbance ration of light from the article between two wavelenghts, and by measuring a depolarization degree of polarized light of the reflected light from the surface of the article. The quality of the article can be non-destructively diagnosed using a simple system. Further, defects can be identified of factor-by-factor basis.

Abstract: A nondestructive diagnostic method and apparatus can evaluate the progress of deterioration of insulating material used in electric apparatuses in a wide-range and quantitatively.

Abstract: An epoxy resin that contains, in a molecule, two mesogens coupled by a folded chain, is provided using a method that ensures easy synthesis of such an epoxy resin, and a uniform epoxy resin composition is provided based on this epoxy resin. The epoxy resin includes a major compound having a structure expressed by the Chemical Formula (1), and a method is provided for manufacturing the epoxy resin by reaction of (A) an epoxy resin with one mesogen contained in a molecule and (B) a compound with two elements of active hydrogen contained in a molecule, with the percentage composition of (B) active hydrogen with respect to (A) epoxy group being 0.25 and over, up to and including 0.7.

Abstract: A bill discriminating method of discriminating a paper material independent of a light/dense pattern caused by a difference of manufacturing steps and discriminating a paper material of paper without being influenced by humidity or deterioration of the paper material is provided, Two kinds of infrared rays of different kinds of wavelengths are irradiated onto the paper, thereby discriminating the paper material of the paper by using an absorbance difference between photometric values.

Abstract: An epoxy resin that contains, in a molecule, two mesogens coupled by a folded chain, is provided using a method that ensures easy synthesis of such an epoxy resin, and a uniform epoxy resin composition is provided based on this epoxy resin. The epoxy resin includes a major compound having a structure expressed by the Chemical Formula (1), and a method is provided for manufacturing the epoxy resin by reaction of (A) an epoxy resin with one mesogen contained in a molecule and (B) a compound with two elements of active hydrogen contained in a molecule, with the percentage composition of (B) active hydrogen with respect to (A) epoxy group being 0.25 and over, up to and including 0.7.

Abstract: (Subject)

Abstract: The technique of the present invention enhances the stability of paper material identification of sheets. To achieve the above purpose, both short-wavelength light in the range of 370 nm and long-wavelength light in the range of 420 to 1000 nm are irradiated to paper to be identified in identifying the paper material. The identification is carried out, based on the difference in absorbance of the paper, which is obtained for each irradiated light. The absorbance of the paper varies according to the paper material, thereby enabling the identification of the paper material free from influence, which are caused by differences in manufacturing process, such as shading patterns. In addition, the simultaneous use of the short-wavelength light and the long-wavelength light declines influence on the absorbance, which are caused by environmental factors, such as humidity and deterioration of sheets, thereby resulting in stable identification of the paper material.

Abstract: A measurement method and apparatus, which are capable of simply measuring the water content of an object with a high degree of accuracy, is characterized by irradiating the surface of the object with at least two monochromatic light beams having different wave length values, one of the wave length values being less than 1350 nm; measuring the intensity of light for each of the light beams reflected from the surface of the object using a light intensity-measurement unit; obtaining the reflective absorbance (A&lgr;) of each light beam; calculating a reflective-absorbance differences (&Dgr;A&lgr;) between, or a reflective-absorbance ratio (A&lgr;′) of, the respective light beams, respectively; and estimating the water content of the measured object by using the relationship between water content and the reflective-absorbance differences or reflective-absorbance ratio, which relationship stored in a memory device in advance.

Abstract: An oil deterioration diagnosing method and an apparatus for carrying out the same uses an optical sensor capable of determining a degree of deterioration of oil on the basis of transmission losses of near-infrared rays of two different wavelengths and the transmission loss difference between the transmission losses. The degree of deterioration of the oil can be determined without being affected by variable measuring temperature and the original color of the oil.

Abstract: Light having polarization is irradiated onto an article, and a variation of polarization of the reflected light from the article, and then quality of the article is diagnosed using a pre-input correlation function between quality of the article and a variation of polarization.

Abstract: A bill discriminating method of discriminating a paper material independent of a light/dense pattern caused by a difference of manufacturing steps and discriminating a paper material of paper without being influenced by humidity or deterioration of the paper material is provided, Two kinds of infrared rays of different kinds of wavelengths are irradiated onto the paper, thereby discriminating the paper material of the paper by using an absorbance difference between photometric values.

Abstract: An oil deterioration diagnosing method and an apparatus for carrying out the same uses an optical sensor capable of determining a degree of deterioration of oil on the basis of transmission losses of near-infrared rays of two different wavelengths and the transmission loss difference between the transmission losses. The degree of deterioration of the oil can be determined without being affected by variable measuring temperature and the original color of the oil.

Abstract: An insulating material of high electrically insulating properties and high thermal conductivity is provided wherein the high thermal conductivity is attained by having a liquid crystal resin comprising a polymerization product of a resin composition containing a monomer which has a mesogen group.

Abstract: To nondestructively diagnose a weight reduction ratio of an insulating material or a lubricating oil without stopping operation of the equipment, a nondestructive diagnostic method uses an optical fiber probe type sensor in which a light transmission loss or a reflective absorbance difference is used as a parameter.

Abstract: In order to diagnose non-distructively the deterioration degree of such as insulation oil and insulation paper during operation of an oil filled electrical machine and apparatus without stopping the operation thereof, a deterioration degree disgnosis method for the oil filled electrical machine and apparatus makes use of optical fibers (6, 7) and oil immersed probe (5) and diagnoses the deterioration degree of an insulation paper non-distructively based on reflection absorbance difference between those for any two wavelengths of the insulation paper.

Abstract: An optical transmitting system comprising a light source, an optical transmitting portion from the light source, and an optical detecting portion characterized in that a fraction of deuterium substitution for hydrogen in a repeat unit of an organic polymer composing the optical transmitting portion is at most 40%, fluorine content in said organic polymer is less than 40% by weight, and said organic polymer comprises an amorphous polymer which satisfies the equation (I):(.rho./M)(9.1.times.10.sup.-5.n.sub.CH +9.1.times.10.sup.-4.n.sub.NH +1.5.times.10.sup.-3.n.sub.OH)<5.3.times.10.sup.-6 (I)[where, .rho. is density of the polymer (g/cm.sup.3), M is molecular weight of the repeat unit (g/mol), n.sub.CH, n.sub.NH, and n.sub.OH indicates number of combination of C--H bond, N--H bond, and O--H bond in the repeat unit respectively].