Abstract: A structure of a data frame for transmitting data via a relay, and a transmission apparatus and a relay using the data frame are provided. The relay includes: a receiver to receive, from a transmission apparatus, first radio resource allocation information with respect to a first radio resource and second radio resource allocation information with respect to a second radio resource, and to receive first data from the transmission apparatus using the first radio resource allocation information; and a transmitter to transmit the received first data to a receiving apparatus using the second radio resource allocation information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a space block coding signal through Iterative Multi-user Detection is provided. The apparatus includes a multi-user interference cancellation unit which cancels multi-user interference in a received signal and outputs a first signal and a second signal that are sequentially transmitted from two transmitting antennas, a linear combiner which performs linear combination for the first signal and the second signal, and an equalizer which applies different equalization coefficients to the combined first signal and the second signal, respectively, to perform frequency-domain equalization.

Abstract: Provided are a scanning probe microscope (SPM) that prevents a distortion of an image caused by alignment errors of scanners and a method of measuring a sample using the same. The scanning probe microscope comprises a probe; a first scanner changing a position of the probe along a straight line; a second scanner changing a position of a sample in a plane; and an adjusting device adjusting a position of the second scanner or the first scanner so that the straight line where the position of the probe is changed using the first scanner is perpendicular to the plane in which the position of the sample is changed using the second scanner.

Abstract: A space frequency block code signal relaying system is provided. The space frequency block code signal relaying system includes a signal detecting unit which receives, via a radio channel, a source signal sent from a source station and detects the received signal; a relay signal generation unit which generates a relay signal corresponding with the source signal transmitted from the source station to a destination node based on the received signal, the source signal and the relay signal being signals encoded in a Space Frequency Block Code (SFBC) scheme; and a signal transmitting unit which transmits the relay signal to the destination node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating a distortion due to a clipped amplitude when an amplitude of a signal is clipped to reduce a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in a wireless communication system using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and a transmit diversity method using an orthogonal coding. A wireless data transmission apparatus which transmits a data stream via a plurality of antennas, the apparatus including: a coding unit which Space-Time block codes a first data stream into a plurality of second data streams, the plurality of second data streams being orthogonal to each other; an inverse Fourier transform unit which performs an inverse Fourier transform of each of the Space-Time block coded second data stream and generates a plurality of time domain signals; and a plurality of amplitude clipping units which clips an amplitude of each of the plurality of generated time domain signals.

Abstract: An electric current connector assembly for a vehicle includes a first connector and a second connector. The first connector comprises a first end portion of a first busbar and a first end portion of a second busbar. The second connector is electrically coupled to the first connector. The second connector comprises a second end portion of the first busbar and a second end portion of the second busbar.

Abstract: An assembly for transporting electric current in a vehicle includes a connector and a sensor package. The connector comprises a plurality of prongs. The plurality of prongs are configured to receive and transport electric current. The sensor package is electrically coupled to the connector, and comprises a plurality of sensors. Each of the plurality of sensors is electrically coupled to a different one of the plurality of prongs, and is configured to determine a measure of electric current thereof.

Abstract: An interface assembly for an inverter of a vehicle includes an interface, a plurality of busbars, a communication medium, and a clip. The interface is for communicating with one or more vehicle systems outside of the interface assembly. The plurality of busbars are configured to receive and transport electric current. The communication medium is electrically coupled between the plurality of busbars and the interface. The communication medium is configured to provide information to the interface based at least in part on the electric current transported by the plurality of busbars. The clip assembly is electrically coupled between the plurality of busbars and the communication medium.

Abstract: A rotor for an interior permanent magnet machine has a rotor body having an output shaft and a first cavity filled with magnetic material. Second cavities are disposed inboard of the first cavities and are not filled with magnetic material. Non-magnetic rods extend through the second cavities and protrude beyond end faces of the rotor body. The rods are press-fit in blind bores formed in non-magnetic end plates disposed adjacent the end faces of the rotor body. Shrink disks are shrunk around projecting ends of the output shaft in abutting relation with the end plates. In order to prevent induced voltage from generating current in the cage formed by the rods and end plates, an oxide layer is disposed between the rods and blind bores in the end plates.

Abstract: A method of determining an optimal transmission mode and a data frame structure for determining an optimal transmission mode in a data transmission system using a relay, are provided. Any one of a base station, a relay, and a mobile station determines an optimal transmission mode from among a plurality of transmission modes, and the base station transmits the determined optimal transmission mode by enabling the determined optimal transmission mode to be included in the system information duration of the data frame, so that the overall relay system can transmit data according to the optimal transmission mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for adaptively modulating/demodulating signals in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system having a layered time-space architecture detector and a method thereof is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a bit and power allocation information calculator for deciding an equivalent channel gain in a reverse order of Vertical-Bell laboratories Space Time (V-BLAST) based on MIMO channel information feedbacked from a receiver and determining the number of bits and transmission power to be transmitted to each transmitting antenna by using the equivalent channel gain; and adaptive modulation means for modulating signal of each layer with corresponding modulation method based on the determined number of bits and transmitting power, controlling the transmitting power and transmitting the adaptively modulated signal through each transmitting antenna.

Abstract: A method of assigning a carrier for mitigating inter-cell interference in a fixed relay based communication system is provided. In a normal mode, the method includes defining at least one sector group by grouping cells at least two tiers away from each other; selecting a single sector group; and assigning, by a base station of the selected sector group, a first carrier to a relay station or a mobile station which is located in a coverage area of the base station. In a relay mode, the method includes determining whether a current mode is a normal mode or a relay mode; determining whether a base station is included in a selected sector group; and assigning carriers to a relay station or a mobile station belonging to the base station, when the current mode is the normal mode and the base station is included in the selected sector group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data by performing an iterative multi-user detection is provided.

Abstract: A method of controlling data transmission mode in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless relay system and an apparatus using the method are provided. The method of controlling data transmission mode includes: dividing all frequency bands of an OFDM signal into a frequency band group including at least one subcarrier band; estimating a plurality of channels of wireless links which respectively link a base station (BS), at least one relay station (RS), and a mobile station (MS) with respect to the at least one subcarrier band; selecting any one of a plurality of data transmission modes based on a feature of the estimated plurality of channels of wireless links with respect to the frequency band group; and applying the selected data transmission mode to all of the at least one subcarrier bands in the frequency band group to transmit data.

Abstract: A rotor for an interior permanent magnet machine has a rotor body having an output shaft and a first cavity filled with magnetic material. Second cavities are disposed inboard of the first cavities and are not filled with magnetic material. Non-magnetic rods extend through the second cavities and protrude beyond end faces of the rotor body. The rods are press-fit in blind bores formed in non-magnetic end plates disposed adjacent the end faces of the rotor body. Shrink disks are shrunk around projecting ends of the output shaft in abutting relation with the end plates. In order to prevent induced voltage from generating current in the cage formed by the rods and end plates, an oxide layer is disposed between the rods and blind bores in the end plates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling power in a decode-and-forward (DF) relay system is provided. The method of controlling power in a DF relay system includes: acquiring first channel information of a first link between a source node and a destination node, second channel information of a second link between the source node and a relay node, and third channel information of a third link between the relay node and the destination node, by using a pilot signal; determining a power level of the source node from the acquired first through third channel information; and feeding back the determined power level to the source node and the relay node.

Abstract: A golf club is fabricated with at least one vertical stability plate and/or at least one horizontal stability plate at a club head. The golf club is provided with a stability plate and an asymmetrical wing, or a combination of the same, which are installed at an upper side or left and right sides of the head of the golf club such as a driver, wood or iron, for example. An aerodynamic force generated in a downward direction by the loft of the club face is compensated by asymmetric wings applying an aerodynamic lifting force to an upper direction of the club head during a swing of the club. Even when a golfer has a swing speed or posture problem when swinging a club, the head of the club is guided to rotate along a desired proper orbit. A golf ball can be hit by a sweet spot of the head face of the club due to the stability and compensating force for achieving a straight drive, and enhanced flying distance.