Abstract: The present invention relates to an epitope of HN protein in Newcastle disease virus which can be recognized by an avian immune system and an antibody against the epitope, a method for detecting a Newcastle disease virus by using the antibody, and an antigenic variant of Newcastle disease virus carrying changes in the epitope. The epitope of HN protein and the antigenic variant of Newcastle disease virus can be used for developing efficient vaccines, and further, in diagnosing the Newcastle disease virus rapidly and exactly.

Abstract: This present invention relates to novel compounds, isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as vanilloid receptor (Vanilloid Receptor 1; VR1; TRRPV1) antagonist; and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease such as pain, migraine, arthralgia, neuralgia, neuropathies, nerve injury, skin disorder, urinary bladder hypersensitiveness, irritable bowel syndrome, fecal urgency, a respiratory disorder, irritation of skin, eye or mucous membrane, stomach-duodenal ulcer, inflammatory diseases, ear disease, and heart disease.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a perm rod. The perm rod includes a body, a sheet of permanent wave paper, and a rubber band. The body is made of an aluminum material, has a hollow cylindrical shape, and is configured such that hair is rolled around the body, a plurality of slots is formed in the outer surface of the body, and caps, having coupling protrusions, are fitted into the respective ends of the body. The sheet of permanent wave paper is rolled around the body in the state in which an appropriate number of hairs is placed on the sheet of permanent wave paper. The rubber band has coupling holes, which are formed in the respective ends thereof, and is detachably coupled to the coupling protrusions.

Abstract: A system and method for time synchronization on a network is provided. According to the system and method for time synchronization, a slave clock device does not continuously receive a time synchronization message periodically transferred from a master clock device and thus does not correct its time upon all such occasions. Rather, the slave clock device requests time information from the master clock device only when the slave clock device needs to correct its time, and receives a time synchronization message transferred from the master clock device and compensates for its time deviation only while the slave clock device is activated, thereby reducing its power consumption and amount of computation.

Abstract: A thrust magnetic bearing system separates magnetic circuits of electromagnets from those of permanent magnets so that each permanent magnet produces a bias magnetic field while each electromagnet functions only to control the position of a rotating body, thereby achieving desired displacement and current stiffness without flowing a bias current through the electromagnet. The magnetic bearing system includes a thrust displacement sensor and a thrust magnetic bearing to float a disk floating body based on displacement information detected through the displacement sensor. The magnetic bearing includes a donut permanent magnet, a pair of electromagnets connected in series to form an inductor at both sides of the donut permanent magnet, and a pair of magnetic poles provided opposite each other outside the pair of electromagnets. The magnetic bearing floats the floating body through a bias magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet and a control magnetic flux generated by the electromagnets.

Abstract: A system of controlling a wavelength of a laser beam is provided. The system comprises a stage for supporting a wafer, an optical convergence unit for emitting the laser beam moving in an optical path toward the stage, and a specific wavelength detecting sensor. The specific wavelength detecting sensor is disposed between the optical convergence unit and the stage. It includes a laser beam absorbing structural body for absorbing a specific wavelength of the laser beam emitting toward the stage. A wavelength controlling unit for selectively controlling the wavelength of the laser beam is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for dynamically managing hierarchical flows that more efficiently process packet traffic while maintaining compatibility with an existing packet data network in transferring both circuit traffic and packet traffic in a packet switched network. The method for dynamically managing hierarchical flows includes: receiving data packets, classifying the data packets according to attributes of the received data packets, and producing first flows; determining whether traffic of each of the first flows exceeds a predetermined bandwidth limit, and performing a packet drop process or producing second flows for first flows that exceed the bandwidth limit, according to a flow-specific policy; and performing second flow processing on the second flows according to a second flow policy. Only flows exceeding the bandwidth limit or causing congestion are hierarchically divided for management. This makes it possible to finely manage the flows without complex operations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a gallium nitride-based (AlxInyGa(1?x?y)N, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1, 0?x+y?1) single crystal substrate. The method comprises the steps of preparing a ZnO substrate, primarily growing a gallium nitride-based single crystal layer, and secondarily growing an additional gallium nitride-based single crystal layer on the primarily grown gallium nitride-based single crystal layer while removing the ZnO substrate by etching the underside of the ZnO substrate.

Abstract: This present invention relates to novel compounds, isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as vanilloid receptor (Vanilloid Receptor 1; VR1; TRPV1) antagonist; and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease such as pain, migraine, arthralgia, neuralgia, neuropathies, nerve injury, skin disorder, urinary bladder hypersensitiveness, irritable bowel syndrome, fecal urgency, a respiratory disorder, irritation of skin, eye or mucous membrane, stomach-duodenal ulcer, inflammatory diseases, ear disease, heart disease and so on.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition for preventing or treating pruritic or irritant skin diseases which comprises, as a vanilloid receptor antagonist, a thiourea derivative, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: This present invention relates to novel compounds, isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as vanilloid receptor (Vanilloid Receotor 1; VR1; TRPV1) antagonist; and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease such as pain, migraine, arthralgia, neuralgia, neuropathies, nerve injury, skin disorder, urinary bladder hypersensitiveness, irritable bowel syndrome, fecal urgency, a respiratory disorder, irritation of skin, eye or mucous membrane, stomach-duodenal ulcer, inflammatory diseases, ear disease, and heart disease.

Abstract: An encryption system and method that may encrypt all of the transmitted and received data packets on the data link layer without collisions on the Initialization Vector (IV). In the encryption system and method a new final key value may be generated and applied to every transmitted and received data packet. The encryption system and method provide for a novel three phase algorithmic process for generating a final secret key.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vertical GaN light emitting diode and a method for manufacturing the same. The vertical GaN light emitting diode comprises a first conductive GaN clad layer with an upper surface provided with a first contact formed thereon, an active layer formed on a lower surface of the first conductive GaN clad layer, a second conductive GaN clad layer formed on a lower surface of the active layer, a conductive adhesive layer formed on the second conductive GaN clad layer, and a conductive substrate, with a lower surface provided with a second contact formed thereon, formed on a lower surface of the conductive adhesive layer. The method for manufacturing the vertical GaN light emitting diodes comprises the step of removing the sapphire substrate from the light emitting structure so as to prevent the damages on a GaN single crystal plane of the structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition for preventing or treating pruritic or irritant skin diseases which comprises, as a vanilloid receptor antagonist, a thiourea derivative, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: A lithography device including a first revolver, a second revolver and a driving device. The first revolver includes a transmittance control filter. The second revolver includes transmittance profile filter. The driving device is capable of rotating the second revolver. The first revolver is for positioning the at least one transmittance control filter in the light path. The second revolver is for positioning the at least one transmittance profile filters in the light path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fabrication method of LEDs incorporating a step of surface-treating a substrate by a laser and an LED fabricated by such a fabrication method. The present invention can use a laser in order to implement finer surface treatment to an LED substrate over the prior art. As a result, the invention can improve the light extraction efficiency of an LED while protecting the substrate from chronic problems of the prior art such as stress or defects induced from chemical etching and/or physical polishing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vertical GaN light emitting diode and a method for manufacturing the same. The vertical GaN light emitting diode comprises a first conductive GaN clad layer with an upper surface provided with a first contact formed thereon, an active layer formed on a lower surface of the first conductive GaN clad layer, a second conductive GaN clad layer formed on a lower surface of the active layer, a conductive adhesive layer formed on the second conductive GaN clad layer, and a conductive substrate, with a lower surface provided with a second contact formed thereon, formed on a lower surface of the conductive adhesive layer. The method for manufacturing the vertical GaN light emitting diodes comprises the step of removing the sapphire substrate from the light emitting structure so as to prevent the damages on a GaN single crystal plane of the structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus having an air curtain located in a door entrance thereof. The air curtain is generated by an air curtain generator located in the door entrance of the apparatus. The air curtain typically flows into a discharge pipe located in the door entrance opposite the air curtain generator.

Abstract: Disclosed are a white light emitting diode and a method for manufacturing the white light emitting diode. The white light emitting diode comprises a conductive substrate with a light transmitting property having a surface divided into first and second areas; a first emitting unit including a first clad layer, a first active area, and a second clad layer at the first area of the conductive substrate; a second emitting unit including a third clad layer, a second active area emitting light with a wavelength to be combined with light emitted from the first active area into white light, and a fourth clad layer at the second area of the conductive substrate; and first, second and third electrodes, the first electrode connected to the second surface of the conductive substrate, the second electrode connected to the second clad layer, and the third electrode connected to the fourth clad layer.