Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-aminomethyl-3-alkoxyiminopyrrolidine methanesulfonate, a key intermediate of quinolone antibiotics. According to the process of the present invention, the total number of steps has been shortened to 2-3 steps, the solid separation is not required, and the use of costly chemicals, particularly (BOC)2O (t-butoxycarbonyl anhydride), several organic solvents and reactants, is eliminated.

Abstract: A home agent management apparatus and method for routing a packet using a home network equipment as a home agent in a mobile Inter Protocol version 6 (IPv6) are provided. The home agent management apparatus includes a packet analyzer, which receives a packet and analyzes the packet; a database, which stores information indicating whether a home agent of a home network operates normally according to the result of the analysis; and a home agent function executor, which performs a home agent function in place of the home agent when the home agent does not operate normally. Accordingly, a load concentrated on a home agent of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) can be split.

Abstract: A location information providing apparatus to provide a location thereof, the location information providing apparatus including: a storage unit to store location information regarding the location of the location information providing apparatus; and a transmitter to transmit the location information. Therefore, precise location information can be provided. In addition, a location-based service can be performed in a simple way because there is no need to consider a handoff depending on a movement of a location-based service supporting apparatus, and a service area can be expanded abroad because a wired network is not required. Also, various opportunities using the location-based service can be realized.

Abstract: A method of adjusting quality of service (QoS) with respect to changes in a transmission environment of a mobile terminal receiving data based on a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) session. When the transmission environment of the mobile terminal receiving data based on the SCTP session changes, the mobile terminal transmits link information indicating a new transmission environment to a destination node, and the destination node adjusts the quality of data or the size of a transmission window based on the link information. Thus, without adding separate network devices, the QoS of the data being transmitted can be adjusted with respect to the changed transmission environment, only by adding functions with software to the transmission terminal and the reception terminal. Also, since the destination node manually adjusts the transmission window according to the link information, packet loss can be minimized compared to the conventional congestion control method.

Abstract: Disclosed are an Fe—Au barcode type nanowire and a method of manufacturing the same. The nanowire has a magnetic-optical multifunction and is suitable for adjusting magnetic intensity thereof. The Fe—Au nanowire has a multilayered structure, in which an iron layer and a gold layer are alternately and repeatedly formed, and is formed in a single plating bath through a pulse electro-deposition.

Abstract: An IP packet version converting apparatus and method, the IP packet header converting method includes recognizing one of fields of a header of an IP packet of a first type, in which a value regarding an expansion function is recorded, the expansion function being incompatible between the IP packet of the first type and an IP packet of a second type; and converting the field recognized in one of the fields of the header of the IP packet into a field compatible with the IP packet of the second type.

Abstract: A tunneling service method and system enabling data communication between different networks, in which an address of a tunneling service server used in a client node can be easily designated, the tunneling service method includes: transmitting an information request message, which requests information required for connection to the network, to a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server selected by the client node; receiving an acknowledgement message, which contains an address of the tunnel router, from the DHCP server selected by the client node; and the client node detecting the address of the tunnel router contained in the acknowledgement message and generating a packet for a tunneling service using the detected address of the tunnel router.

Abstract: A method for more efficiently operating a network, and more particularly, for discovery of a path maximum transmission unit (PMTU) between nodes on an IP network, is provided. The method includes (a) comparing the size of a received packet with a maximum transmission unit (MTU) of a next link; and (b) if the size of the received packet is greater than the MTU of the next link, generating an error message, transmitting the generated error message to a source node, generating a test message of the size of the MTU of the next link, and transmitting the generated test message to a destination node. According to the PMTU discovery method, a PMTU can be determined in a shorter time, and it is possible to minimize the use of network resources.

Abstract: A method and system for interconnecting an Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) network and an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) network are provided. The system for interconnecting an IPv4 network and an IPv6 network includes IPv4 nodes, IPv6 nodes, and apparatuses for transmitting IP packets between the IPv4 nodes and the IPv6 nodes, wherein the apparatuses for transmitting IP packets share processing state information of the IP packets, using a predetermined message, to distribute their load of processing the IP packets. The IPv4-IPv6 interconnection method involves appropriately arranging NAT-PT apparatuses depending on the size of the networks such that packet processing speed and performance are improved over the use of a single NAT-PT apparatus.

Abstract: A method of advertising an address of a domain name service (DNS) server present, for example, on an IPv6 network by searching a location of the DNS server on a router network subnet using a dynamic routing protocol, storing link state information of the router indicating the DNS server existence in the router subnet, in a link state advertisement of the router, and delivering the link state advertisement to all routers within an autonomous system, to which the router belongs. When the router having the location of the DNS server is requested by another router to provide the DNS server address, the router replies to the requesting router, and the requesting router receiving the reply, advertises a router advertisement message containing the DNS server address to a subnet to which the requesting router belongs. Accordingly, a network can be set without manually setting DNS server addresses at hosts.

Abstract: Provided are magnetic core-ceramic shell (e.g., magnetite (Fe3O4) core-calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) shell) nanocrystals with high crystallization degree, uniform size, and high chemical stability and a method for synthesizing the same. A core-shell structure is synthesized in a process of forming magnetite seeds corresponding to cores by the reduction of magnetite precursors and then, sequentially, coating the magnetite with Ca3(PO4)2 by the reduction of Ca3(PO4)2 precursors.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic anisotropy multilayer including a plurality of CoFeSiB/Pt layers used in a magnetic random access memory. The magnetic anisotropy multilayer includes a first Pt/CoFeSiB layer, and a second Pt/CoFeSiB layer formed on the first Pt/CoFeSiB layer.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for deleting tunneling when a correspondent node is connected to a mobile node that has moved to a different network. The system includes a domain name service server, a mobile node that moves to a different network, a domain name dynamic updating server, and a correspondent node. The domain name service server manages domain names and address of a plurality of mobile nodes. Once the domain name dynamic update server receives a message including the created address by the mobile node, the domain name dynamic update server updates domain name and address of the mobile node that are registered in the domain name service server using the domain name and address contained in the received message. The correspondent node connects to the domain name service server, obtains the updated address of the mobile node, and transmits a packet to the mobile node using the obtained address.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-purpose magnetic film structure using a spin charge, a method of manufacturing the same, a semiconductor device having the same, and a method of operating the semiconductor memory device. The multi-purpose magnetic film structure includes a lower magnetic film, a tunneling film formed on the lower magnetic film, and an upper magnetic film formed on the tunneling film, wherein the lower and upper magnetic films are ferromagnetic films forming an electrochemical potential difference therebetween when the lower and upper magnetic films have opposite magnetization directions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-aminomethyl-3-alkoxyiminopyrrolidine methanesulfonate, a key intermediate of quinolone antibiotics. According to the process of the present invention, the total number of steps has been shortened to 2-3 steps, the solid separation is not required, and the use of costly chemicals, particularly (BOC)2O (t-butoxycarbonyl anhydride), several organic solvents and reactants, is eliminated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to perform a handover of a mobile terminal that is receiving data, wherein before the handover is performed, the mobile terminal receiving data from a host provides information about a new network to the host by using a quick-start (QS) request message. Accordingly, the host recognizes that a packet loss caused by the handover is not caused by network congestion, and sets the size of a congestion window based on the information on the new network. Accordingly, waste of bandwidth can be reduced compared to that of a conventional slow-start algorithm.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structure for a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is provided. Specifically, an MTJ structure with an amorphous CoFeSiB or NiFeSiB free layer is provided. The free layer is a CoFeSiB single layer, a NiFeSiB single layer, a CoFeSiB/Ru/CoFeSiB SAF layer, or a NiFeSiB/Ru/NiFeSiB SAF layer.

Abstract: A multi-home agent control apparatus and method are provided. The multi-home agent control apparatus includes a packet observing unit, which observes a packet input to or output from a home link; a home agent list storage unit, which creates a home agent list using home address information included in a binding update (BU) message and stores the home agent list if the packet observing unit receives the BU message and a binding acknowledgement (BACK) message; and a preference value calculation unit, which calculates a preference value of each of the home agents using the home agent list.

Abstract: A quality of service (QoS) securing apparatus and method using a communication protocol is provided. The QoS securing method is performed by a reception side that is receiving data from a transmission side. The method includes generating information about a changed communication environment according to a change in a communication environment of the reception side, and transmitting the information to the transmission side. An exchange of information about a communication environment using the communication protocol between the reception side and the transmission side can inform the transmission side about resources of the reception side, link characteristics, characteristics of a link on a transmission path, etc., thereby securing a QoS of data communication between the reception side and the transmission side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-aminomethyl-3-alkoxyiminopyrrolidine methane-sulfonate, a key intermediate of quinolone antibiotics. According to the process of the present invention, the total number of steps has been shortened to 2-3 steps, the solid separation is not required, and the use of costly chemicals, particularly (BOC)2O (t-butoxycarbonyl anhydride), several organic solvents and reactants, is eliminated.