Abstract: Provided are a multi-purpose magnetic film structure using a spin charge, a method of manufacturing the same, a semiconductor device having the same, and a method of operating the semiconductor memory device. The multi-purpose magnetic film structure includes a lower magnetic film, a tunneling film formed on the lower magnetic film, and an upper magnetic film formed on the tunneling film, wherein the lower and upper magnetic films are ferromagnetic films forming an electrochemical potential difference therebetween when the lower and upper magnetic films have opposite magnetization directions.

Abstract: A data stream transmitting and receiving method and apparatus guaranteeing quality of service (QoS), in which the data stream transmitting method includes obtaining information regarding a link characteristic change of a mobile node, which occurs due to a handover of the mobile node between heterogeneous links, and transmitting the data stream to the mobile node based on the obtained information. Accordingly, even when the handover of the mobile node between heterogeneous links is performed, QoS of the data stream can be guaranteed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to provide a handover includes an input unit which receives information on a handover mode and a handover priority corresponding to a plurality of wireless networks, a signal-intensity-measuring unit which measures a signal intensity of a wireless network where a current communication is performed out of the plurality of wireless networks, and a control unit which performs a mobile node handover to a predetermined wireless network according to the information about a handover mode and a handover priority, if the measured signal intensity is less than a threshold intensity value.

Abstract: A fast handover method and apparatus for a mobile node between sub-networks by using a predictive algorithm includes: identifying a sub-network which is likely to be connected to a mobile node; requesting detection of whether an address of the mobile node which is to be used in the sub-network is already used in the sub-network; and selectively requesting performance of a binding update of the mobile node based on a response to the request. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent or reduce handover delay caused by the duplicate address detection.

Abstract: A method of integrating handover technology at a data link layer level with handover technology at a network layer level, and an apparatus. The method includes sending a first management message, which requests that a handover at a data link layer level be performed, to a serving base station, receiving a second management message, which includes information on a predetermined number of recommended neighboring base stations, in response to the first management message from the serving base station, selecting one of the neighboring base stations as a target base station, sending a third management message to the serving base station, which requests that a connection between the mobile station and the serving base station be released after a period of waiting time, and performing a high-speed handover procedure at a network layer level between the mobile station and the serving base station during the period of waiting time.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the magnetic information storage technology, and particularly, to magnetic recording disc drives including a sensor having a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based spin valve structure or a tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) based tunnel junction magnetoresistance structure or magnetic random access memory device including a magnetic memory element(corresponding to a capacitor of DRAM) having a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based spin valve structure or a tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) based tunnel junction magnetoresistance structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a spin valve magnetoresistive structure employed in the sensor of magnetic recording disc drive or tunnel junction magnetoresistive structure employed in the magnetic storage element of magnetic random access memory device.

Abstract: A mobile node transmits a frame requesting IP address allocation information needed to obtain an IP address in a neighboring network; receives a frame including the IP address allocation information requested in the transmitted frame; and obtains an IP address in the neighboring network based on the IP address allocation information in the received frame to move to the neighboring network.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to perform a fast handover that is capable of determining whether to switch an internet protocol (IP) using a received, unique code of an access router when a mobile node performs a fast handover in a wireless network. The apparatus to perform a fast handover includes a signal receiving unit to receive a signal, a subnet change determining unit to determine if a subnet change has occurred by referring to an access router identification (ID) included in the received signal, a trigger unit to perform a layer trigger depending upon the determination result as to whether a subnet change has occurred, and a handover performing unit to perform a handover according to the layer trigger.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to perform a fast handover, capable of determining whether to change an internet protocol (IP) using an identification (ID) of an access router included in media independent information service (MIIS) information when a mobile node performs a fast handover in a heterogeneous wireless network. The apparatus to perform fast handovers includes: a signal-receiving unit to receive an MIIS signal; a subnet-change-determining unit to determine whether to perform a change of the subnet by referring to an access router ID included in the received MIIS signal; a trigger unit to perform a layer trigger depending upon the determination result of whether to perform a change of the subnet; and a handover performing unit to perform a handover according to the performed layer trigger.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of performing a fast handover in a wireless network are provided. The network device includes: a packet generating unit to generate a router solicitation (RS) message including fast handover instruction information, when the network device participates in a new subnet; a packet sending unit to send the generated router solicitation message to a router within the subnet; a packet receiving unit to receive a router advertisement message including handover information necessary to generate an address from the router according to the fast handover instruction information; and a determination unit to generate the address required by the subnet using the handover information.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus to handover a mobile node between heterogeneous networks using a mobile internet protocol (IP) is provided. The method includes: connecting a mobile node to a movement destination network; obtaining information regarding, or about, the movement destination network; generating a message including the information regarding the movement destination network; and transmitting the generated message to a correspondent node that transmits continuous data to the mobile node.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for permitting access to storage means are provided in which a host is permitted to easily access a storage means or a plurality of storage means connected to a USB device through a separate interface, as well as an internal flash memory. The apparatus comprises a storage means checking unit to check whether a peripheral is a storage means by referencing received information regarding the peripheral; a virtual storage means generating unit to generate a virtual storage means for the storage means when the checked peripheral is a storage means; a binding unit to bind the storage means and the generated virtual storage means; and a directory generating unit to generate a directory for the bound virtual storage means.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structure for a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is provided. Specifically, an MTJ structure with an amorphous CoFeSiB or NiFeSiB free layer is provided. The free layer is a CoFeSiB single layer, a NiFeSiB single layer, a CoFeSiB/Ru/CoFeSiB SAF layer, or a NiFeSiB/Ru/NiFeSiB SAF layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supporting mobility of a mobile terminal in a wireless local area network (LAN) environment deploying mobile IP are provided. The method for registering a mobile node using a virtual mobile node comprises: detecting whether or not a mobile node traveling among a plurality of networks is connected; and registering information on the mobile node whose connection is detected, with an agent relaying communication between the mobile node and a correspondent agent. By doing so, even when a mobile IP module is not installed, the mobile node can perform wireless communication seamlessly between networks in a wireless LAN environment deploying mobile IP.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-aminomethyl-3-alkoxyiminopyrrolidine methane-sulfonate, a key intermediate of quinolone antibiotics. According to the process of the present invention, the total number of steps has been shortened to 2-3 steps, the solid separation is not required, and the use of costly chemicals, particularly (BOC)2O (t-butoxycarbonyl anhydride), several organic solvents and reactants, is eliminated.

Abstract: Disclosed are a spin injection device applicable as a memory and a logical device using a spin valve effect obtained by injecting a carrier spin-polarized from a ferromagnet into a semiconductor at an ordinary temperature, and a spin-polarized field effect transistor.

Abstract: Provided is a communication adapter switching method and apparatus in a system having a plurality of communication adapters. The method includes: setting the addresses of the plurality of communication adapters equal to the address of the first of the plurality of communication adapters; setting a packet filtering mode of the communication adapters other than the first communication adapter to a mode in which all packets are accepted; and switching from one of the communication adapters to another when the one communication adapter is disconnected during communication. Accordingly, seamless handoff from the wired LAN to the wireless LAN is possible, since the TCP/IP session is maintained with the same IP address.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of acquiring an address in a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) environment in a wireless LAN. The method includes: sensing that a mobile node has moved from a first network to a second network; transmitting a frame requesting association with the second network to an access point managing the second network after sensing that the mobile node has moved from the first network to the second network; and receiving a message containing an address assigned to the mobile node from the access point having received the transmitted frame. Accordingly, the mobile node can promptly acquire an IP address without an additional request.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-purpose magnetic film structure using a spin charge, a method of manufacturing the same, a semiconductor device having the same, and a method of operating the semiconductor memory device. The multi-purpose magnetic film structure includes a lower magnetic film, a tunneling film formed on the lower magnetic film, and an upper magnetic film formed on the tunneling film, wherein the lower and upper magnetic films are ferromagnetic films forming an electrochemical potential difference therebetween when the lower and upper magnetic films have opposite magnetization directions.

Abstract: A system for providing video-on-demand (VOD) services and Internet services in a wireless network environment. A VOD terminal displays predetermined video information. A wireless telecommunications server provides a wireless telecommunications service menu for selection by the VOD terminal. A VOD server provides service information related to the VOD which was selected from the service menu provided by the wireless telecommunications server, by the VOD terminal. An encoder encodes predetermined content input from the outside into a predetermined format to be stored in the VOD server. A converter coverts predetermined content input through the Internet into a predetermined format to be stored in the VOD server. According to the system, a VOD terminal user can receive VOD services and Internet services through a WAP in a wireless telecommunications environment so that information usage and satisfaction can be maximized.