Abstract: A heat exchanger for vehicles includes: a plurality of first stacked plates forming a condensing portion in which a refrigerant is condensed through heat exchange between a coolant and the refrigerant; a receiver container for storing the refrigerant passing through the condensing portion; a plurality of second stacked plates forming a sub-cooling portion for cooling the refrigerant through heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant discharged from the receiver container; and an intermediate plate between the first stacked plates and the second stacked plates and comprising through holes through which the refrigerant and the coolant respectively move.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a vehicle configured to perform heat exchange between coolant and refrigerant includes: a plurality of stacked plates sequentially stacked to form a plurality of refrigerant spaces filled with the refrigerant and a plurality of coolant spaces filled with the coolant; a thermal expansion valve disposed in the vicinity of the plurality of the stacked plates; and a connection block disposed between the thermal expansion valve and the plurality of stacked plates. The connection block comprises a refrigerant inlet passage for introducing the refrigerant introduced through the thermal expansion valve into the plurality of the stacked plates and a refrigerant discharge passage for introducing the refrigerant discharged from the plurality of the stacked plates into the thermal expansion valve.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for vehicles includes a condenser configured such that coolant and refrigerant performs heat exchange while flowing in a state separated from each other and being formed by a stacking of a plurality of first heat exchange plates; a gas-liquid separator for separating gaseous components from the refrigerant that has passed through the condenser; a supercooler configured such that the coolant having passed the condenser and the coolant having passed the gas-liquid separator performs heat exchange while flowing in a separated state from each other and being formed by a stacking of a plurality of second heat exchange plates; and a connector that is interposed between the condenser and the supercooler and forms a coolant passage allowing the coolant to flow from the condenser to the supercooler and a refrigerant passage allowing the refrigerant to flow from the condenser to the supercooler via the gas-liquid separator.

Abstract: A computing system is provided. The computing system includes: a memory configured to store a shader program; and a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to obtain the shader program stored in the memory in a profile mode, the GPU being configured to perform: inserting, into the shader program, one or more monitor associative codes; compiling the shader program, into which the one or more monitor associative codes are inserted, into a language that is capable of being processed by a plurality of cores; and obtaining a runtime performance characteristic of the shader program by executing the compiled shader program and the one or more monitor associative codes.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to render an object including a path includes a storage circuit, an arithmetic circuit configured to determine a direction of a plurality of primitives included in the path based on path data, generate primitive direction information, store the primitive direction information in the storage circuit, and generate a winding number of each of a plurality of pixels using the stored primitive direction information, and a determination circuit configured to determine whether a shading operation is to be performed based on the generated winding number.

Abstract: A computing system is provided. The computing system includes: a memory configured to store a shader program; and a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to obtain the shader program stored in the memory in a profile mode, the GPU being configured to perform: inserting, into the shader program, one or more monitor associative codes; compiling the shader program, into which the one or more monitor associative codes are inserted, into a language that is capable of being processed by a plurality of cores; and obtaining a runtime performance characteristic of the shader program by executing the compiled shader program and the one or more monitor associative codes.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to render an object including a path includes a storage circuit, an arithmetic circuit configured to determine a direction of a plurality of primitives included in the path based on path data, generate primitive direction information, store the primitive direction information in the storage circuit, and generate a winding number of each of a plurality of pixels using the stored primitive direction information, and a determination circuit configured to determine whether a shading operation is to be performed based on the generated winding number.

Abstract: A virtual architecture generating apparatus and method, a runtime system, a multi-core system, and methods of operating the runtime system and the multi-core system may include analyzing a requirement of an application, a feature of the application, and a requirement of a system enabling an execution of the application, and include generating a virtual architecture corresponding to the application, based on a physical architecture of a reconfigurable processor, the analyzed requirements and the analyzed feature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an acceleration structure. Primitives corresponding to at least one object on which rendering is to be performed may be aligned. Candidate split points are determined by scanning the aligned primitives. The candidate split points are stored according to a predetermined rule, and the acceleration structure is generated by sequentially reading the stored candidate split points and generating at least one node corresponding to the stored candidate split points.

Abstract: A method for generating an acceleration structure used for ray tracing includes generating a linear code, the linear code representing a position of each of a plurality of primitives included in a three-dimensional (3D) space, arranging the plurality of primitives according to the generated linear code, determining a rate of change of a size of a generated bounding box while sequentially inputting the plurality of arranged primitives into the generated bounding box, selecting one of the plurality of arranged primitives based on the rate of change of the size of the generated bounding box and classifying the plurality of arranged primitives into a plurality of determined bounding boxes according to the selected primitive.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an acceleration structure. Primitives corresponding to at least one object on which rendering is to be performed may be aligned. Candidate split points are determined by scanning the aligned primitives. The candidate split points are stored according to a predetermined rule, and the acceleration structure is generated by sequentially reading the stored candidate split points and generating at least one node corresponding to the stored candidate split points.

Abstract: A ray tracing method includes determining whether acceleration structure traversal data of a previous ray similar to a received ray is stored in a traversal cache, and reading the stored acceleration structure traversal data, and performing image rendering based on the read acceleration structure traversal data, based on a result of the determining.

Abstract: A method for generating an acceleration structure used for ray tracing includes generating a linear code, the linear code representing a position of each of a plurality of primitives included in a three-dimensional (3D) space, arranging the plurality of primitives according to the generated linear code, determining a rate of change of a size of a generated bounding box while sequentially inputting the plurality of arranged primitives into the generated bounding box, selecting one of the plurality of arranged primitives based on the rate of change of the size of the generated bounding box and classifying the plurality of arranged primitives into a plurality of determined bounding boxes according to the selected primitive.

Abstract: A virtual architecture generating apparatus and method, a runtime system, a multi-core system, and methods of operating the runtime system and the multi-core system may include analyzing a requirement of an application, a feature of the application, and a requirement of a system enabling an execution of the application, and include generating a virtual architecture corresponding to the application, based on a physical architecture of a reconfigurable processor, the analyzed requirements and the analyzed feature.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for ray tracing. A traversal unit to process an input ray to be input among a plurality of traversal units may be determined based on age of each of the plurality of traversal units. Age of the determined traversal unit may be determined based on age of each of rays that are processed by the traversal unit.

Abstract: A method of processing ray data the method including receiving ray data stored in input buffers; updating a property of the ray data based on a result of intersection traversal of the ray data; and outputting the ray data to an output buffer or to a feedback buffer from among the input buffers based on the updated property of the ray data. When there is insufficient space in the output buffer to store the ray data, outputting the ray data to the feedback buffer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of using an acceleration structure in ray tracing, and a method of ray tracing are provided. The method involves setting a bit stack value of a level of an acceleration structure, moving to a child node among the ray-crossing child nodes and setting a route value of a corresponding level of the acceleration structure, and determining a pop level based on one or more bit stack values.

Abstract: A virtual architecture generating apparatus and method, a runtime system, a multi-core system, and methods of operating the runtime system and the multi-core system may include analyzing a requirement of an application, a feature of the application, and a requirement of a system enabling an execution of the application, and include generating a virtual architecture corresponding to the application, based on a physical architecture of a reconfigurable processor, the analyzed requirements and the analyzed feature.

Abstract: Provided is a method of accelerating ray tracing. The method includes extracting characteristics of an input ray at a ray scanner, determining a ray with characteristics similar to that of the input ray based on comparing characteristics of the input ray with characteristics of rays used in previous renderings, and conducting a set up for ray tracing of the input ray based on a ray tracing of the determined ray.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses of performing ray tracing for rendering an image. The method includes performing, at a ray tracing core, a first intersection test based on a traversal of an acceleration structure using a generated primary ray, generating at least one type of secondary ray based on the first intersection test, classifying the generated secondary rays and storing identification information indicating a starting point and a direction of the secondary rays, and performing a second intersection test and shading using the stored identification information.