Abstract: A pipeline system includes input buffers, a relay for controlling withdrawal of data stored in the input buffers, and functional blocks for performing one or more processing operations. A method of operating a pipeline system includes withdrawing data from one of input buffers and performing different one or more processing operations.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for managing power based on data. The apparatus may include a code segment searching unit configured to search for at least one code segment in which a power type is inserted, a block determining unit configured to determine at least one block based on the at least one found code segment, and a power mode control unit configured to control the at least one determined block to operate in a power mode corresponding to the power type.

Abstract: A method for processing a three-dimensional (3D) image of a ray tracing scheme may be performed by an image processing apparatus by verifying whether local index information matching intersection point information of a ray is present within a prefetch table when intersection point information is received, and by transferring, to a shader, rendering information stored in a local memory based on the local index information, when the local index information matching the intersection point information is present.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for traversing a hierarchical acceleration structure may determine whether a current traversal node is a leaf node, may calculate a first distance from the current traversal node to a pop level and a second distance from a root node to the pop level when the current traversal node is the leaf node, and may determine a hierarchical traversal restarting position by comparing the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: A graphic processing apparatus and method for processing ray tracing may include a plurality of traversal units to process traversal of a ray. A management unit of the graphics processing apparatus may distribute data of the ray processed by the graphics processing apparatus to the plurality of traversal units. Each of the plurality of traversal units may process ray traversal with respect to a subdivision of the entire space.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting an error occurring when an application program is executed in a computer environment is provided. The error detection apparatus may measure a deterministic progress index (DPI) and a program counter (PC) value when an instruction is executed, set, as a verification set, a DPI and a PC value measured when the instruction is executed without causing an error, set, as a measurement set, the DPI and the PC value measured when an instruction is executed, and detect a runtime error of the instruction by comparing the measurement set to the verification set.

Abstract: A method of processing ray data the method including receiving ray data stored in input buffers; updating a property of the ray data based on a result of intersection traversal of the ray data; and outputting the ray data to an output buffer or to a feedback buffer from among the input buffers based on the updated property of the ray data. When there is insufficient space in the output buffer to store the ray data, outputting the ray data to the feedback buffer.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for preventing a stack overflow in an embedded system. The method of preventing a stack overflow includes: reading a maximum stack usage of at least one function for executing a requested operation from maximum stack usages of functions provided from a kernel, which are stored in advance; and processing the requested operation on the basis of the read maximum stack usage of the at least one function and a size of a usable region in a stack for the requested operation. Accordingly, the stack overflow can be prevented without generating a run-time overhead.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a stack used for a tree traversal (TRV) may include a processing unit that may manage a short stack for a tree TRV, and a storage unit that may store data of the short stack. The processing unit may perform a restart of the tree TRV from an intermediate node of a tree to fill the short stack when the short stack is empty.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for guaranteeing real-time operation of an application program that performs data processing and particular functions in a computer environment using a micro architecture are provided. The apparatus estimates execution times of kernels based on an effective progress index (EPI) of each of the kernels, and determines an execution order of the kernels based on the estimated execution times of the kernels and priority of the kernels.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for measuring a progress or a performance of an application program in a computing environment using a micro-architecture. An apparatus for thread progress tracking may select a thread included in an application program, may determine, based on a predetermined criterion, whether an execution scheme for at least one instruction included in the thread corresponds to an effective execution scheme in which an execution time is uniform or a non-effective execution scheme in which a delayed cycle is included and the execution time is non-uniform, and may generate an effective progress index (EPI) by accumulating an execution time of an instruction executed by the effective execution scheme other than an instruction executed by the non-effective execution scheme.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method of operating a cache memory. The cache memory apparatus includes a cache memory configured to store node data of an acceleration structure as cache data and to store hit frequency data corresponding to the cache data, and a controller configured to determine whether node data corresponding to a request is stored in the cache memory, and to update any one of the cache data based on the hit frequency data.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for ensuring a deterministic execution characteristic of an application program to perform data processing and execute particular functions in a computing environment using a micro architecture. A lock controlling apparatus based on a deterministic progress index (DPI) may include a loading unit to load a DPI of a first core and a DPI of a second core among DPIs of a plurality of cores at a lock acquisition point in time of each thread, a comparison unit to compare the DPI of the first core and the DPI of the second core, and a controller to assign a lock to a thread of the first core when the DPI of the first core is less than the DPI of the second core and when the second core corresponds to a last core to be compared among the plurality of cores.

Abstract: A ray tracing method includes determining whether acceleration structure traversal data of a previous ray similar to a received ray is stored in a traversal cache, and reading the stored acceleration structure traversal data, and performing image rendering based on the read acceleration structure traversal data, based on a result of the determining.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of using an acceleration structure in ray tracing, and a method of ray tracing are provided. The method involves setting a bit stack value of a level of an acceleration structure, moving to a child node among the ray-crossing child nodes and setting a route value of a corresponding level of the acceleration structure, and determining a pop level based on one or more bit stack values.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses of performing ray tracing for rendering an image. The method includes performing, at a ray tracing core, a first intersection test based on a traversal of an acceleration structure using a generated primary ray, generating at least one type of secondary ray based on the first intersection test, classifying the generated secondary rays and storing identification information indicating a starting point and a direction of the secondary rays, and performing a second intersection test and shading using the stored identification information.

Abstract: A pipeline system includes input buffers, a relay for controlling withdrawal of data stored in the input buffers, and functional blocks for performing one or more processing operations. A method of operating a pipeline system includes withdrawing data from one of input buffers and performing different one or more processing operations.

Abstract: A scheduling method, medium and apparatus are provided. In the scheduling method, medium and apparatus, it is possible to prevent the possibility that the order between the priorities of the tasks represented by the expired timers and the tasks requested by the interrupt is reversed while also not deteriorating the performance of a real time operating system (RTOS), even though the number of timers expired when the interrupt occurs or that are already expired before the interrupt occurs is large, by selecting a timer for representing a point of time corresponding to a point of time when an interrupt occurs from among one or more timers each of which representing a task, a point of time assigned to the tasks, and a priority assigned to the task and executing a task represented by the selected timer and one or more tasks requested by the interrupt in order of priority.

Abstract: Provided is a method of accelerating ray tracing. The method includes extracting characteristics of an input ray at a ray scanner, determining a ray with characteristics similar to that of the input ray based on comparing characteristics of the input ray with characteristics of rays used in previous renderings, and conducting a set up for ray tracing of the input ray based on a ray tracing of the determined ray.

Abstract: Provided is a ray tracing method including extracting, at a ray scanner, characteristics of a ray generated to render a current frame, determining a ray having characteristics similar to that of the generated ray based on comparing the characteristics of the generated ray with characteristics of rays used to render a previous frame, and performing ray tracing of the generated ray based on a result of ray tracing of the determined ray.