Abstract: A burn-in socket for carrying an electronic device to let the electronic device electrically connect to a circuit board via the burn-in socket is provided. The electronic device has a body and at least a lead. The burn-in socket comprises a frame and a carrier, the frame has an opening and a plurality of first aligning portions, wherein the opening fits onto the contour of the body, and the first aligning portions surrounds the opening. The carrier has a plurality of second aligning portions. The frame is assembled to the carrier with the conjunction of the first aligning portions and the second aligning portions. The body is capable of fitting into the opening to let the lead electrically connect to the circuit board via the carrier.

Abstract: A bootstrap circuit is utilized in a bulk circuit using an NMOS transistor as a power switch. The bootstrap circuit includes a first PMOS transistor coupled between an internal power source and an offset capacitor, and a second PMOS transistor coupled between the gate of the first PMOS transistor and the offset capacitor, and an NMOS transistor coupled between the gate of the first PMOS transistor and ground. When the power switch is turned on, the second PMOS transistor is turned on for turning off the first PMOS transistor. When the power switch is turned off, the NMOS transistor is turned on for turning on the first PMOS transistor.

Abstract: A bootstrap circuit is utilized in a bulk circuit using an NMOS transistor as a power switch. The bootstrap circuit includes a first PMOS transistor coupled between an internal power source and an offset capacitor, and a second PMOS transistor coupled between the gate of the first PMOS transistor and the offset capacitor, and an NMOS transistor coupled between the gate of the first PMOS transistor and ground. When the power switch is turned on, the second PMOS transistor is turned on for turning off the first PMOS transistor. When the power switch is turned off, the NMOS transistor is turned on for turning on the first PMOS transistor.

Abstract: A switch control circuit has a voltage sensing function. The switch control circuit includes a voltage-clamping buffer, a set driver, a reset driver, and an R-dominant SR latch. The voltage-clamping buffer shifts a switch voltage to generate a down-shifted switch voltage. The set driver generates a set signal according to the down-shifted switch voltage. The reset driver generates a reset signal according to the down-shifted switch voltage. The R-dominant SR latch comprises a set end for receiving the set signal, a reset end for receiving the reset signal, an output end for outputting a switch control signal for controlling conductance of a first transistor coupled to a primary winding of a transformer, and an output bar end for outputting an inverted switch control signal.

Abstract: A floating protection circuit is utilized for a photo-flash capacitor charger. The floating protection circuit includes a comparator and a timer. The comparator is coupled between two feedback resistors of the photo-flash capacitor charger for receiving a feedback voltage. When the feedback voltage is lower than an offset voltage, the comparator outputs a reset signal. If the timer does not receive the reset signal for a predetermined time, the timer outputs a turn-off signal to a switch control circuit of the photo-flash capacitor charger to shut down the switch control circuit.

Abstract: A voltage reference circuit includes an operational amplifier, an output P-type MOS transistor, a first resistor, a first BJT, a second BJT, a third resistor, and a plurality of output resistors connected in series. A gate of the output P-type MOS transistor is electrically connected to an output end of the operational amplifier, and a drain of the output P-type MOS transistor is electrically connected to a voltage source. The gate of the output P-type MOS transistor is controlled by the output end of the operational amplifier, so that the drain current of the output P-type MOS transistor can match the current of the first resistor, the third resistor, and the plurality of output resistors connected in series.

Abstract: A clamp circuit comprises a first transistor, a second transistor and a voltage-dividing circuit. The first transistor has a source terminal connected to a reference voltage, and has a drain terminal grounded through a current source. The second transistor has a gate terminal connected to the gate and drain terminals of the first transistor, and has a drain terminal grounded. The voltage-dividing circuit is connected to an input voltage end, an output voltage end and a source terminal of the second transistor for providing a clamping voltage.

Abstract: The circuit for fixing the peak current of an inductor includes an operating current, a ramp-type boost converter and a comparator. The magnitude of the operating current is proportional to that of the voltage source of the inductor. The ramp-type boost converter is connected to the operating current. One input end of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage, and the other end is connected to the output of the ramp-type boost converter. The output of the comparator is connected to the gate of a power transistor, which controls the turn-on time of the inductor.

Abstract: The oscillation circuit includes an output current mirror, a P-N complementary current mirror, a P-type current mirror and an N-type current mirror. The P-N complementary current mirror has the same structure as the output current mirror but has current that is only 1/k times the current of the output current mirror, wherein k is greater than 1. The P-type current mirror connects to the P-N complementary current mirror, and has current that is m times the current of the P-N complementary current mirror, where m is greater than 1. The N-type current mirror has one end connected to the P-type current mirror and another end connected to the output current mirror. The N-type current mirror has current that is n times the current of the P-type current mirror, where m × n k ? 1 , and n is greater than 1.

Abstract: The power transistor circuit with high-voltage endurance includes a first power transistor, a second power transistor and an enabling circuit. The first power transistor includes a first voltage endurance and a first inner resistance, while the second power transistor includes a second voltage endurance and a second inner resistance. The first voltage endurance and the first inner resistance are smaller than the second voltage endurance and the second inner resistance, respectively. The drain of the second power transistor is connected to the drain of the first power transistor and the enabling circuit. The enabling circuit enables the second power transistor first, and when the drain voltage of the first power transistor is smaller than the first endurance, the enabling circuit then enables the first power transistor.

Abstract: The circuit for detecting the maximal frequency of the pulse frequency modulation includes an oscillator-controlling unit, a delay circuit and a master-slave register. The oscillator-controlling unit is connected to an oscillator, which generates the pulse frequency modulation signals, and includes a first-half pulse-generating module and a second-half pulse-generating module. The delay circuit is connected to the second-half pulse-generating module. The master-slave register includes a clock, an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is connected to the oscillator-controlling unit, and the clock is connected to the delay circuit.

Abstract: The low voltage circuit for starting up a synchronous step-up DC/DC converter, which connects to a voltage source through an inductor, includes a P-type power transistor, an N-type power transistor and a controller. The P-type power transistor includes a body diode, and one end of the P-type power transistor acts as a power source of an oscillator. The N-type power transistor connects the P-type power transistor in series, and both of the power transistors are not enabled at the same time. The oscillator electrically connects to the controller, which enables the P-type power transistor at initialization time, and enables the N-type power transistor a period after the initialization time.

Abstract: The switching method between pulse frequency modulation and pulse width modulation signals is first based on an output voltage of a power transistor to generate a corresponding pulse frequency modulation signal. Next, it is determined whether the corresponding pulse frequency modulation signal has reached its maximal frequency. If so, the initial pulse width modulation signal is adjusted to have the same width as the pulse frequency modulation signal. Thereafter, the adjusted pulse width modulation signal is outputted.

Abstract: The oscillation circuit includes an output current mirror, a P-N complementary current mirror, a P-type current mirror and an N-type current mirror. The P-N complementary current mirror has the same structure as the output current mirror but has current that is only 1/k times the current of the output current mirror, wherein k is greater than 1. The P-type current mirror connects to the P-N complementary current mirror, and has current that is m times the current of the P-N complementary current mirror, where m is greater than 1. The N-type current mirror has one end connected to the P-type current mirror and another end connected to the output current mirror. The N-type current mirror has current that is n times the current of the P-type current mirror, where m × n k ? 1 , and n is greater than 1.

Abstract: The circuit for fixing the peak current of an inductor includes an operating current, a ramp-type boost converter and a comparator. The magnitude of the operating current is proportional to that of the voltage source of the inductor. The ramp-type boost converter is connected to the operating current. One input end of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage, and the other end is connected to the output of the ramp-type boost converter. The output of the comparator is connected to the gate of a power transistor, which controls the turn-on time of the inductor.

Abstract: The low voltage circuit for starting up a synchronous step-up DC/DC converter, which connects to a voltage source through an inductor, includes a P-type power transistor, an N-type power transistor and a controller. The P-type power transistor includes a body diode, and one end of the P-type power transistor acts as a power source of an oscillator. The N-type power transistor connects the P-type power transistor in series, and both of the power transistors are not enabled at the same time. The oscillator electrically connects to the controller, which enables the P-type power transistor at initialization time, and enables the N-type power transistor a period after the initialization time.

Abstract: The switching method between pulse frequency modulation and pulse width modulation signals is first based on an output voltage of a power transistor to generate a corresponding pulse frequency modulation signal. Next, it is determined whether the corresponding pulse frequency modulation signal has reached its maximal frequency. If so, the initial pulse width modulation signal is adjusted to have the same width as the pulse frequency modulation signal. Thereafter, the adjusted pulse width modulation signal is outputted.

Abstract: The power transistor circuit with high-voltage endurance includes a first power transistor, a second power transistor and an enabling circuit. The first power transistor includes a first voltage endurance and a first inner resistance, while the second power transistor includes a second voltage endurance and a second inner resistance. The first voltage endurance and the first inner resistance are smaller than the second voltage endurance and the second inner resistance, respectively. The drain of the second power transistor is connected to the drain of the first power transistor and the enabling circuit. The enabling circuit enables the second power transistor first, and when the drain voltage of the first power transistor is smaller than the first endurance, the enabling circuit then enables the first power transistor.

Abstract: The circuit for detecting the maximal frequency of the pulse frequency modulation includes an oscillator-controlling unit, a delay circuit and a master-slave register. The oscillator-controlling unit is connected to an oscillator, which generates the pulse frequency modulation signals, and includes a first-half pulse-generating module and a second-half pulse-generating module. The delay circuit is connected to the second-half pulse-generating module. The master-slave register includes a clock, an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is connected to the oscillator-controlling unit, and the clock is connected to the delay circuit.