Abstract: This application provides a brake-by-wire system and a control method. This application is applicable to an intelligent vehicle, a new energy vehicle, a conventional vehicle, or the like. The braking control system includes: a brake master cylinder, a first pressure booster, a second pressure booster, at least one second control valve, at least one third control valve, at least one fourth control valve, and a second pedal feel simulation system. When a master brake system fails, a redundant brake system can independently control each brake wheel cylinder, to implement function backup for a master brake system, meeting requirements for braking functions such as ABS/AEB/ESC/TCS of a vehicle. The redundant brake system can further improve safety of the brake system and ensure pedal experience of a driver, thereby bringing more stable and comfortable driving experience to the driver.

Abstract: A hydraulic braking apparatus includes a first hydraulic block; a master cylinder assembly, disposed in the first hydraulic block, where the master cylinder assembly includes a pushrod, a piston, a primary rubber cup of the piston, and a secondary rubber cup of the piston, and where the piston is connected to the pushrod; a permanent magnet is disposed inside the piston; and a stroke sensor is disposed between the primary rubber cup and the secondary rubber cup and configured to detect movement of the permanent magnet to determine an amount of movement of the piston.

Abstract: The integrated brake apparatus includes a first housing and a second housing, where a first cylinder body of a brake master cylinder and the first housing are integrally formed; a motor disposed on the first housing; a pump whose pump housing is integrally formed with the first housing; a valve apparatus that is disposed in the second housing and is configured to control opening/closing of an oil passage between the brake master cylinder and a wheel brake and an oil passage between the pump and the wheel brake; and an electronic control unit configured to control the motor and the valve apparatus. The first housing, the second housing, and the electronic control unit are sequentially arranged in a vehicle width direction.

Abstract: The invention provides a lower-limb walking rehabilitation trainer, including two supporting frames, two gait simulation mechanisms installed on the two supporting frames respectively, and two pedals installed on the two gait simulation mechanisms respectively. The supporting frames are crutch type supporting frames. The gait simulation mechanisms include a special four-bar linkage and curve amplification mechanism. The four-bar linkage consists of a crank, a first connecting rod, a rocking rod and a rack rod that are articulated end to end. The upper end of the first connecting rod is articulated with the lower end of the second connecting rod in the curve amplification mechanism, the lower end of the third connecting rod in the curve amplification mechanism is articulated with the pedal, the rack rod is relatively fixed to the supporting frame, and the fourth connecting rod is connected to the inner side of the crutch type supporting frame.

Abstract: A positive electrode material, including a composite material, where the composite material includes a metal fluoride, a molar ratio of fluorine F to metal element M in the metal fluoride is y, and a molar ratio of fluorine F to metal element M in the composite material is z, where y<z?y+2; and M includes at least one of Al, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, or Ag. The positive electrode material in this application has advantages such as wide raw material sources, simple preparation processes, easy to operate, and low production costs. Lithium batteries prepared by using the positive electrode material in this application have increased specific capacity and improved rate performance and cycling performance of the positive electrode material, and good charge and discharge performance.

Abstract: A hydraulic control unit is provided, including a hydraulic control apparatus with a bidirectional pressurization function, where the hydraulic control apparatus includes a second hydraulic chamber and a first hydraulic chamber. The second hydraulic chamber provides a braking force for a first group of wheel cylinders through a first brake line provided with a first control valve. The first hydraulic chamber provides a braking force for a second group of wheel cylinders through a second brake line provided with a second control valve.

Abstract: A negative electrode material includes a silicon-containing material. The silicon-containing material includes at least one of pure silicon, silicon carbon, a silicon alloy, or a silicon oxide. A ratio B/A of a maximum value B in differentials dQ/dV with respect to 0.4V-0.55V to a maximum value A in differentials dQ/dV with respect to 0.2V-0.35V is 1.0-3.0 when the negative electrode material is electrified in a delithiation direction in a case of charging and discharging a battery that includes the negative electrode material used as a working electrode, metallic lithium used as a counter electrode, and an electrolyte containing a lithium-ion conductive substance, and in a case of plotting a relationship curve between a differential dQ/dV and a working electrode potential V, where the differential is obtained by differentiating a charge/discharge capacity Q with respect to the working electrode potential V.

Abstract: An anode material includes silicon-based particles, the silicon-based particles include a silicon-containing substrate; at least a part of the surface of the silicon-containing substrate has an MySiOz layer; M includes Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Zn, or any combination thereof; and 0<y<3, and 0.5<z<6. The anode material has relatively high first Coulombic efficiency and good cycle performance.

Abstract: An alkali/oxidant battery is provided with an associated method of creating battery capacity. The battery is made from an anode including a reduced first alkali metal such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), when the battery is charged. The battery's catholyte includes an element, in the battery charged state, such as nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH), manganese(IV) (oxide Mn(4+)O2), or iron(III) oxyhydroxide Fe(3+)(OH)3), with the alkali metal hydroxide. An alkali metal ion permeable separator is interposed between the anolyte and the catholyte. For example, if the catholyte includes nickel(II) hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) in a battery discharged state, then it includes NiOOH in a battery charged state. To continue the example, the anolyte may include dissolved lithium ions (Li+) in a discharged state, with solid phase reduced Li formed on the anode in the battery charged state.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a metal-ion battery electrode with large interstitial spacing. A working electrode with hexacyanometallate particles overlies a current collector. The hexacyanometallate particles have a chemical formula AmM1xM2y(CN)6.zH2O, and have a Prussian Blue hexacyanometallate crystal structure, where A is either alkali or alkaline-earth cations. M1 and M2 are metals with 2+ or 3+ valance positions. The working electrode is soaked in an organic first electrolyte including a salt including alkali or alkaline earth cations. A first electric field is created in the first electrolyte between the working electrode and a first counter electrode, causing A cations and water molecules to be simultaneously removed from interstitial spaces in the Prussian Blue hexacyanometallate crystal structure, forming hexacyanometallate particles having the chemical formula of Am?M1xM2y(CN)6.z?H2O, where m?<m and z?<z, overlying the working electrode.

Abstract: Methods are presented for synthesizing metal cyanometallate (MCM). A first method provides a first solution of AXM2Y(CN)Z, to which a second solution including M1 is dropwise added. As a result, a precipitate is formed of ANM1PM2Q (CN)R.FH2O, where N is in the range of 1 to 4. A second method for synthesizing MCM provides a first solution of M2C(CN)B, which is dropwise added to a second solution including M1. As a result, a precipitate is formed of M1[M2S(CN)G]1/T.DH2O, where S/T is greater than or equal to 0.8. Low vacancy MCM materials are also presented.

Abstract: A battery structure is provided for making alkali ion and alkaline-earth ion batteries. The battery has a hexacyanometallate cathode, a non-metal anode, and non-aqueous electrolyte. A method is provided for forming the hexacyanometallate battery cathode and non-metal battery anode prior to the battery assembly. The cathode includes hexacyanometallate particles overlying a current collector. The hexacyanometallate particles have the chemical formula A?n?AmM1xM2y(CN)6, and have a Prussian Blue hexacyanometallate crystal structure.

Abstract: A battery and an associated method are provided for generating power using an air cathode battery with a slurry anode. The method provides a battery with an air cathode separated from an anode current collector by an electrically insulating separator and an extrusion gap. The anode current collector extruder has a first plate with a plurality of slurry outlet perforations, and a sleeve having a first partition immediately adjacent to the extruder first plate, with a plurality of slurry inlet perforations. Active slurry is provided under pressure to an extruder inlet, and the extruder first plate slurry outlet perforations are selectively aligned with sleeve first partition slurry inlet perforations. Active slurry deposits are formed in the extrusion gap to mechanically charge the battery. In the discharge position, the sleeve moves so that the perforations no longer align, and slurry in the extruder is isolated from slurry in the extrusion gap.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a metal battery electrode with a pyrolyzed coating. The method provides a metallorganic compound of metal (Me) and materials such as carbon (C), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and combinations of the above-listed materials, expressed as MeXCYNZSXXOYY, where Me is a metal such as tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), or lead (Pb), or a metal alloy. The method heats the metallorganic compound, and as a result of the heating, decomposes materials in the metallorganic compound. In one aspect, decomposing the materials in the metallorganic compound includes forming a chemical reaction between the Me particles and the materials. An electrode is formed of Me particles coated by the materials. In another aspect, the Me particles coated with a material such as a carbide, a nitride, a sulfide, or combinations of the above-listed materials.

Abstract: A method is provided for synthesizing metal cyanometallate (MCM). The method provides a solution of AXM1Y(CN)Z; where “A” is selected from a first group of metals and M1 is selected from a second group of metals. The method adds a material including M2 to the solution to form a liquid phase material that may be either a suspension or a solution. M2 is selected from the second group of metals. The method adds acid to the liquid phase material. The addition of acid to the liquid phase material decomposes the M2 material into M2-ions. Simultaneous with the addition of the acid, a precipitate of ANM1PM2Q(CN)R.FH2O is formed, where N is in a range of 1 to 2. A variation of the above-described synthesis method is also provided.

Abstract: A first method for fabricating an anode for use in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries includes mixing a conductive carbon material having a low surface area, a hard carbon material, and a binder material. A carbon-composite material is thus formed and coated on a conductive substrate. A second method for fabricating an anode for use in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries mixes a metal-containing material, a hard carbon material, and binder material. A carbon-composite material is thus formed and coated on a conductive substrate. A third method for fabricating an anode for use in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries provides a hard carbon material having a pyrolyzed polymer coating that is mixed with a binder material to form a carbon-composite material, which is coated on a conductive substrate. Descriptions of the anodes and batteries formed by the above-described methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating a graphene-doped, carbohydrate-derived hard carbon (G-HC) composite material for alkali metal-ion batteries. The method provides graphene oxide (GO) dispersed in an aqueous solution. A carbohydrate is dissolved into the aqueous solution and subsequently the water is removed to create a precipitate. In one aspect, the carbohydrate is sucrose. The precipitate is dehydrated and exposed to a thermal treatment of less than 1200 degrees C. to carbonize the carbohydrate. The result is the formation of a graphene-doped, carbohydrate-derived hard carbon (G-HC) composite. Typically, the G-HC composite is made up of graphene in the range of 0.1 and 20% by weight (wt %), and HC in the range of 80 to 99.9 wt %. The G-HC composite has a specific surface area of less than 10 square meters per gram (m2/g). A G-HC composite suitable for use in alkali metal-ion batteries electrodes is also provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery is provided with an aluminum anode current collector and an antimony (Sb)-based electrochemically active material overlying the aluminum current collector. The Sb-based electrochemically active material may be pure antimony, Sb with other metal elements, or Sb with non-metal elements. For example, the Sb-based electrochemically active material may be one of the following: Sb binary or ternary alloys of sodium, silicon, tin, germanium, bismuth, selenium, tellurium, thallium, aluminum, gold, cadmium, mercury, cesium, gallium, titanium, lead, carbon, and combinations thereof. The aluminum current collector may additionally include a material such as magnesium, iron, nickel, titanium, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, the anode further composed of a coating interposed between the aluminum current collector and the Sb-based electrochemically active material. This coating may be a non-corrodible metal or a carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMH) cathode battery is provided. The battery has a AxMn[Fe(CN)6]y.zH2O cathode, where the A cations are either alkali or alkaline-earth cations, such as sodium or potassium, where x is in the range of 1 to 2, where y is in the range of 0.5 to 1, and where z is in the range of 0 to 3.5. The AxMn[Fe(CN)6]y.zH2O has a rhombohedral crystal structure with Mn2+/3+ and Fe2+/3+ having the same reduction/oxidation potential. The battery also has an electrolyte, and anode made of an A metal, an A composite, or a material that can host A atoms. The battery has a single plateau charging curve, where a single plateau charging curve is defined as a constant charging voltage slope between 15% and 85% battery charge capacity. Fabrication methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating a transition metal hexacyanometallate (TMHCM) electrode with a water-soluble binder. The method initially forms an electrode mix slurry comprising TMHCF and a water-soluble binder. The electrode mix slurry is applied to a current collector, and then dehydrated to form an electrode. The electrode mix slurry may additionally comprise a carbon additive such as carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphite, or graphene. The electrode is typically formed with TMHCM greater than 50%, by weight, as compared to a combined weight of the TMHCM, carbon additive, and binder. Also provided are a TMHCM electrode made with a water-soluble binder and a battery having a TMHCM cathode that is made with a water-soluble binder.