Abstract: A quantum-cascade laser element includes: a semiconductor substrate; a semiconductor mesa formed on the semiconductor substrate to include an active layer having a quantum-cascade structure and to extend along a light waveguide direction; an embedding layer formed to interpose the semiconductor mesa along a width direction of the semiconductor substrate; a cladding layer formed at least on the semiconductor mesa; and a metal layer formed at least on the cladding layer. A thickness of the cladding layer is thinner in a second region located outside a first region in the width direction of the semiconductor substrate than in the first region of which at least a part overlaps the semiconductor mesa when viewed in a thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. The metal layer extends over the first region and the second region.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a quantum cascade laser element includes: a step of forming a semiconductor layer on a first major surface of a semiconductor wafer; a step of removing a part of the semiconductor layer by etching such that each of portions of the semiconductor layer includes a ridge portion; a step of forming an insulating layer such that at least a part of a surface of the ridge portion is exposed; a step of embedding the ridge portion in each of metal plating layers; a step of flattening a surface of the metal plating layers by polishing in a state where a protective member is disposed; a step of forming an electrode layer on a second major surface of the semiconductor wafer; and a step of cleaving the semiconductor wafer and the semiconductor layer in a state where the protective member is removed.

Abstract: An object is to provide a metal-resin bonded member that is easy to manufacture and has high bonding strength. The metal-resin bonded member includes a metal body having an iron oxide layer on the surface and a resin body bonded to the metal body via the iron oxide layer. The iron oxide layer has a thickness of 50 nm to 10 ?m. The iron oxide layer comprises 60-40 at % Fe and 40-60 at % O at the outermost surface side. The iron oxide layer contains magnetite (Fe3O4). The iron oxide layer is formed by heating the surface of an iron-based substrate at 200-850° C. in an oxidation atmosphere. The resin body is composed of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). The bonding of the metal body and the resin body via the iron oxide layer can be carried out by insert molding, thermal adhesion utilizing friction heating, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new type of beverage which provides foam with improved quality. More specifically, the present invention relates to an effervescent beverage that comprises oxidation products of hops and provides foam with improved quality.

Abstract: The invention is related to a beverage having an improved flavor. More precisely, it is related to a beverage having an improved flavor, comprising an aqueous medium extract of a hop having been subjected to an oxidation treatment.

Abstract: A laminate having excellent abrasion resistance to physical stimuli such as dust. The laminate comprises a base layer, a hard coat layer and a top coat layer comprising flaky metal oxide fine particles all of which are formed in this order. The flaky metal oxide fine particles are hardened by at least one method selected from the group consisting of ionizing material exposure, ionizing radiation exposure, infrared exposure, microwave exposure and high-temperature vapor exposure.

Abstract: An object is to provide a metal-resin bonded member that is easy to manufacture and has high bonding strength. The metal-resin bonded member includes a metal body having an iron oxide layer on the surface and a resin body bonded to the metal body via the iron oxide layer. The iron oxide layer has a thickness of 50 nm to 10 ?m. The iron oxide layer comprises 60-40 at % Fe and 40-60 at % O at the outermost surface side. The iron oxide layer contains magnetite (Fe3O4). The iron oxide layer is formed by heating the surface of an iron-based substrate at 200-850° C. in an oxidation atmosphere. The resin body is composed of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). The bonding of the metal body and the resin body via the iron oxide layer can be carried out by insert molding, thermal adhesion utilizing friction heating, etc.

Abstract: A gas circuit breaker having a pair of contacts and a pair of exhaust conductors. An exhaust hole in the pair of exhaust conductors is provided with an insulation cover having an opening. The cover has a guide on an opening end on the side near the pair of contacts and an opening end on the side far from the pair of contacts respectively. The guide has an exhaust hole protective guide and a high-temperature gas passage dividing guide. A first gas flow passage is between an exhaust hole protective guide and a high-temperature gas passage dividing guide, and a second gas flow passage is between the high-temperature gas passage dividing guides. The first gas flow passage is narrower than the second gas flow passage. An end of the exhaust hole protective guide on the first gas flow passage side is projected toward the high-temperature gas passage dividing guide.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a storage system may include, but is not limited to, a master volume, one or more link volumes, a master data read frequency determination unit, a load state determination unit, a copy target determination unit, a copy destination determination unit, and a copy controller. The copy target determination unit determines copy target data in the data stored in the master volume on the basis of the read frequency when the load state determination unit determines that the master volume is in a high load state. The copy destination determination unit determines at least one of the one or more link volumes as a copy destination link volume of the copy target data on the basis of the load state of each of the one or more link volumes. The copy controller copies the copy target data into the copy destination link volume.

Abstract: A gas circuit breaker having a pair of contacts and a pair of exhaust conductors. An exhaust hole in the pair of exhaust conductors is provided with an insulation cover having an opening. The cover has a guide on an opening end on the side near the pair of contacts and an opening end on the side far from the pair of contacts respectively. The guide has an exhaust hole protective guide and a high-temperature gas passage dividing guide. A first gas flow passage is between an exhaust hole protective guide and a high-temperature gas passage dividing guide, and a second gas flow passage is between the high-temperature gas passage dividing guides. The first gas flow passage is narrower than the second gas flow passage. An end of the exhaust hole protective guide on the first gas flow passage side is projected toward the high-temperature gas passage dividing guide.

Abstract: A gas circuit breaker is configured by comprising a tank filled with arc extinguishing gas, a pair of fixed side arc contact and moving side arc contact in the tank, a puffer chamber formed with a puffer cylinder including the moving side arc contact at its end and a fixed piston, and an insulating nozzle, attached to the end of the puffer cylinder, surrounding the moving side arc contact, that forms a flow channel to guide arc extinguishing gas from the puffer chamber to the contacts. A puffer cylinder 104 has a cylindrical member 104a at a breaker side end, an end of the insulating nozzle 101 is provided in the cylindrical member 104a. And the gas circuit breaker is configured by further comprising a hollow moving side main contact 102 at a breaker side end of the cylindrical member 104a, a pressing metal fitting 103 to engage an insulating nozzle 101 in the hollow part of the moving side main contact 102.

Abstract: A rare earth magnet production method of the present invention includes a placing step of placing a magnet material including a compact or a sintered body of powder particles having a rare earth magnet alloy, and a diffusing material containing a diffusing element to improve coercivity, in a vicinity of each other; and a diffusing step of diffusing the diffusing element into an inside of the magnet material by exposing the magnet material heated to vapor of the diffusing element evaporated from the diffusing material heated; and wherein the diffusing step is a step of heating the diffusing material independently of the magnet material to diffusing material temperature which is different from heating temperature of the magnet material called magnet material temperature.

Abstract: A method for producing a rare earth magnet material which allows efficient Dy or the like diffusion into an inside thereof. This method includes a preparation step of preparing a powder mixture of magnet powder including one or more rare earth elements including neodymium, boron, and the remainder being iron; and neodymium fluoride powder; a heating step of heating a compact of the powder mixture and causing oxygen around magnet powder particles to react with the fluoride powder, thereby obtaining a lump rare earth magnet material in which neodymium oxyfluoride is wholly distributed. The fluoride powder traps oxygen enclosed in the powder mixture and fixes the oxygen as stable NdOF. When Dy is diffused into this rare earth magnet material, Dy smoothly enters into its inside without being oxidized at grain boundaries. Consequently, coercivity of the entire rare earth magnet material can be efficiently increased without wasting scarce Dy.

Abstract: A gas circuit breaker is configured by comprising a tank filled with arc extinguishing gas, a pair of fixed side arc contact and moving side arc contact in the tank, a puffer chamber formed with a puffer cylinder including the moving side arc contact at its end and a fixed piston, and an insulating nozzle, attached to the end of the puffer cylinder, surrounding the moving side arc contact, that forms a flow channel to guide arc extinguishing gas from the puffer chamber to the contacts. A puffer cylinder 104 has a cylindrical member 104a at a breaker side end, an end of the insulating nozzle 101 is provided in the cylindrical member 104a. And the gas circuit breaker is configured by further comprising a hollow moving side main contact 102 at a breaker side end of the cylindrical member 104a, a pressing metal fitting 103 to engage an insulating nozzle 101 in the hollow part of the moving side main contact 102.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new type of beverage which provides foam with improved quality. More specifically, the present invention relates to an effervescent beverage that comprises oxidation products of hops and provides foam with improved quality.

Abstract: The invention is related to a beverage having an improved flavor. More precisely, it is related to a beverage having an improved flavor, comprising an aqueous medium extract of a hop having been subjected to an oxidation treatment.

Abstract: A ferrite powder according to the present invention includes a laminar structure exhibiting a state where W-type ferrite phases are laminated in an easy direction of magnetization, the W-type ferrite phases including a compound expressed by AM2Fe16O27, where A, M, Fe, and O represent a first metal element (Sr, Ba, Ca, Pb, etc), a second metal element (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, etc), iron, and oxygen, respectively. This ferrite particle is obtained through: a shape forming step that shapes a mixed powder in a magnetic field to obtain a compact, the mixed powder including for example an M-type ferrite particle including a compound expressed by AFe12O19 and a spinel-type ferrite particle (S-type ferrite particle) including a compound expressed by MFe2O4; a calcination step that calcines the compact to obtain a calcined substance; and a milling step that mills the calcined substance.

Abstract: A laminate having excellent abrasion resistance to physical stimuli such as dust. The laminate comprises a base layer, a hard coat layer and a top coat layer containing flaky metal oxide fine particles all of which are formed in the mentioned order. The flaky metal oxide fine particles are hardened by at least one method selected from the group consisting of ionizing material exposure, ionizing radiation exposure, infrared exposure, microwave exposure and high-temperature vapor exposure.

Abstract: A process for producing a rare earth magnet comprises: an adhesion step of causing a diffusion element capable of diffusing inwardly to adhere to the surface part of a magnet material comprising a compact or sintered body of rare earth alloy particles; and an evaporation step of heating the magnet material in vacuum to evaporate at least a portion of the diffusion element having been retained on or in the surface part of the magnet material.

Abstract: A ferrite powder according to the present invention includes a laminar structure exhibiting a state where W-type ferrite phases are laminated in an easy direction of magnetization, the W-type ferrite phases including a compound expressed by AM2Fe16O27, where A, M, Fe, and O represent a first metal element (Sr, Ba, Ca, Pb, etc), a second metal element (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, etc), iron, and oxygen, respectively. This ferrite particle is obtained through: a shape forming step that shapes a mixed powder in a magnetic field to obtain a compact, the mixed powder including for example an M-type ferrite particle including a compound expressed by AFe12O19 and a spinel-type ferrite particle (S-type ferrite particle) including a compound expressed by MFe2O4; a calcination step that calcines the compact to obtain a calcined substance; and a milling step that mills the calcined substance.