Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member which includes an undercoat layer, and the undercoat layer contains metal oxide particles and a compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product of (cured material) a composition that contains a particular crosslinking agent, a particular resin, and a particular charge transporting substance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer which contains a metal oxide particle and is formed on the support, a charge generating layer formed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transporting layer formed on the charge generating layer. Either or both of the undercoat layer and the charge generating layer contain a compound represented by formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member including an undercoat layer containing metal oxide particles, a binder resin, and an organic acid metal salt having at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of bismuth, zinc, cobalt, iron, nickel, and copper.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body, and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body is a laminated body having a conductive support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer. When an impedance is measured by forming a circular-shaped gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm and a diameter of 10 mm on a surface of the charge generating layer of the laminated body by sputtering, and applying an alternating electric field of 100 mV and 0.1 Hz between the conductive support and the gold electrode, the laminated body of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the following expression (1): R_opt/R_dark?0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body has a support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer in this order, and satisfies the following expressions (2) and (4): |V12?V11|?0.35??(2) 0.10?|(Vd2?V13)/Vd2|0.20??(4).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; an undercoat layer formed on the support; and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, in which the undercoat layer includes a cured product of a composition including (i) an isocyanate compound having a structure represented by the following specific formula (1), (ii) at least one resin selected from a polyvinyl acetal and an acrylic polyol; and (iii) a compound represented by any one of the specific formulae (A1) to (A8).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body, and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body is a laminated body having a conductive support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer. When an impedance is measured by forming a circular-shaped gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm and a diameter of 10 mm on a surface of the charge generating layer of the laminated body by sputtering, and applying an alternating electric field of 100 mV and 0.1 Hz between the conductive support and the gold electrode, the laminated body of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the following expression (1): R_opt/R_dark?0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body has a support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer in this order, and satisfies the following expressions (2) and (4): |Vl2?Vl1|?0.35??(2) 0.10?|(Vd2?Vl3)/Vd2|?0.20??(4).

Abstract: An electron transporting layer is a cured layer including carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. When ratios of the number of carbon atoms, ratios of the number of nitrogen atoms, and ratios of the number of oxygen atoms are analyzed at 10 points by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), the respective standard deviations, ?(C), ?(N) and ?(O), of the ratios of the number of carbon atoms, the ratios of the number of nitrogen atoms and the ratios of the number of oxygen atoms satisfy the following expressions (1) to (3): ?(C)?1.5??(1), ?(N)?1.5??(2), and ?(O)?1.5??(3).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer having a structure represented by formula (1).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, wherein the undercoat layer has a structure represented by the formula (C1) or the formula (C2).

Abstract: An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product of a composition that contains an isocyanate compound having a specific structure, a resin having a specific structure, and an electron transporting substance having a specific structure.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a variation in the light-area potential is suppressed even when the electrophotographic photosensitive member is repeatedly used for a long time in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment, a method of producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus that include the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer, wherein the undercoat layer contains a urethane resin and zinc oxide particles whose surfaces have been treated with a particular amount of an aminosilane compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer containing a silane coupling agent having a divalent group represented by —NH— and an urethane resin. The modulus of elastic deformation (we/wt) of a surface of the undercoat layer satisfies formula (X), where the modulus of elastic deformation is measured by a universal hardness test.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided in which both a long-term potential variation and a short-term potential variation are suppressed, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are also provided. An intermediate layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed by applying a coating liquid for the intermediate layer, which contains an organic resin and a rutile-type acidic titania sol containing tin, and drying the applied coating liquid.

Abstract: A composition that contains a compound represented by the formula (1) is dissolved in an organic compound, and the composition is purified by using a basic adsorbent that contains at least 15% by mass magnesium and has a volume average particle diameter of 10 ?m to 500 ?m, both inclusive. An undercoat-layer-forming coating liquid is prepared by removing the basic adsorbent and dispersing metal oxide particles in the obtained solution containing the purified form of the composition. An undercoat layer is formed by forming a coat of the undercoat-layer-forming coating liquid and drying the coat.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer is an electron transporting layer and contains a metal salt of organic acid having at least one metal element selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, wherein the undercoat layer has a structure represented by the formula (C1) or the formula (C2).

Abstract: An electron transporting layer is a cured layer including carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. When ratios of the number of carbon atoms, ratios of the number of nitrogen atoms, and ratios of the number of oxygen atoms are analyzed at 10 points by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), the respective standard deviations, ?(C), ?(N) and ?(O), of the ratios of the number of carbon atoms, the ratios of the number of nitrogen atoms and the ratios of the number of oxygen atoms satisfy the following expressions (1) to (3): ?(C)?1.5??(1), ?(N)?1.5??(2), and ?(O)?1.5??(3).