Abstract: Angle insensitive/angle-robust colored filter assemblies are provided for use with a photovoltaic device to create a decorative and colored photovoltaic device assembly. The filter may be passive or active with an ultrathin reflective layer of high refractive index material, like amorphous silicon (a-Si). A passive filter may have transparent first and second pairs of dielectric materials surrounding the ultrathin reflective layer. An active filter may have transparent first and second electrodes and first and second doped hole/electron transport layer surrounding the ultrathin reflective layer. The filter can transmit a portion and reflect a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to generate a reflected color output with minimal angle dependence. Angle insensitive colored photovoltaic device assemblies having high power conversion efficiencies (e.g., ?18%) including a passive or active colored reflective filter and a photovoltaic device are also contemplated.

Abstract: A reduction catalyst body for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes a metal layer, and a projection provided on the metal layer. The projection is constituted of an aggregate of fine metal particles, and possesses a polyhedral structure having surfaces of three faces or more of a polygon. The projection has a site of reducing carbon dioxide, as at least a part of the surfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus, for a mobile object, that determines a bid-offer condition on an electricity transaction market: determines an optimal condition making the largest gain for the mobile object from an electricity transaction, on which a contract is executed for electricity that the mobile object directly supplies to an electricity demander, based on an upper limit of an offer electricity amount of the mobile object and a predicted value of a buy price of the electricity demander for an electricity amount, the upper limit determined based on a predicted value of an electricity amount demanded by the electricity demander in each time period and an electricity amount transferable from the mobile object; and determines, as the bid-offer condition, to place an offer on an electricity transaction market at a sell price for a to-be-discharged electricity amount that are determined for each time period in the optimal condition.

Abstract: An apparatus, for a mobile object, that determines a bid-offer condition on an electricity transaction market: acquires information on sell-buy prices for an electricity amount presented by electricity demanders on direct transaction markets, where a contract is executed for electricity that the mobile object directly supplies to or procures from an electricity demander; determines, based on the sell-buy prices, an optimal condition that maximizes a profit from an electricity transaction for the mobile object; and determines, as the bid-offer condition, to place an offer or a bid on an electricity transaction market at a sell or buy price for a to-be-discharged or to-be-charged electricity amount that are determined for each time period in the optimal condition. The sell-buy prices for the electricity amount presented by the electricity demanders on the direct transaction markets are acquired through prediction, or notification from the individual electricity demanders.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device in an embodiment includes: an electrolysis cell including a cathode including a CO2 gas supply flow path, an anode, and a separator; a CO2 supply unit configured to supply CO2 gas to the gas supply flow path; and a rinse material supply unit configured to make a rinse material containing H2O flow through the CO2 gas supply flow path. The CO2 gas supply flow path includes a first opening provided on one end side, a second opening provided on another end side, and a third opening provided between the first opening and the second opening. The rinse material supply unit is configured to make the rinse material flow at least between the first opening and the third opening of the CO2 gas supply flow path.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device comprises: an electrolysis cell including a first electrode having a first catalyst to reduce carbon dioxide, a second electrode having a second catalyst to oxidize water or hydroxide ions, a first electrode flow path facing the first electrode, a second electrode flow path facing the second electrode, and a separator separating the first and second electrodes; a power controller; a first flow path through which the carbon dioxide flows; a second flow path through which the carbon compound flows; a third flow path through which an electrolytic solution containing the water flows; a fourth flow path through which the oxygen flows; a first valve to connect the first electrode flow path and the first flow path; a second valve to connect the first electrode flow path and the second flow path; a tank connected to the first electrode flow path and configured to store a rinse solution; and a controller programmed to control opening and closing of the first and second valves in ac

Abstract: Provided are a slurry composition having a low thixotropy and a superior handling property; a cured product of this slurry composition; and a substrate, film and prepreg using such cured product, the substrate, film and prepreg exhibiting excellent mechanical properties and a low relative permittivity and dielectric tangent. The slurry composition has a thixotropic ratio of not higher than 3.0, and comprises: (A) a cyclic imide compound having, per molecule, at least one dimer acid backbone, at least one linear alkylene group having not less than 6 carbon atoms, and at least two cyclic imide groups; (B) spherical silica fine particles and/or alumina fine particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 20 ?m when measured by a laser diffraction method; (C) a silane coupling agent capable of reacting with the components (A) and (B); and (D) an organic solvent.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device, includes: an electrolysis cell including an anode to oxidize water and thus form oxygen, an anode flow path facing the anode, a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus form a carbon compound, a cathode flow path facing the cathode, and a separator between the anode and the cathode; a cooling flow path provided opposite to the anode flow path or the cathode flow path and connected in parallel to the anode flow path; an anode inflow path connecting an inlet of the anode flow path, an inlet of the cooling flow path, and an outlet of a liquid tank to store a liquid containing water; an anode outflow path connecting an outlet of the anode flow path, an outlet of the cooling flow path, and an inlet of the liquid tank; and a cooler to cool the anode outflow path.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide reduction system comprises: an electrolytic unit including an electrolysis cell having a cathode to reduce a first substance containing carbon dioxide and thus produce a first product containing a carbon compound, and an anode to oxidize a second substance containing water or hydroxide ions and thus produce a second product containing oxygen, a detection unit to acquire data defining operation states of the electrolysis cell, and an electrolytic regulator to regulate electrolysis conditions of the electrolysis cell; a compression unit including a compressor to compress the first product, and a compressor regulator to regulate compression conditions of the first product by the compressor; and a controller programmed to predict a flow rate of the carbon compound discharged from the electrolysis cell in accordance with the data to control regulation of the compression conditions in accordance with the predicted flow rate.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device includes: an electrolysis cell; a sensor acquiring data indicating a concentration of a first product containing a carbon compound in an anode flow path of the electrolysis cell; a power controller to apply a voltage between an anode and a cathode of the electrolysis cell; a refresh material source including a gas source to supply a gaseous substance to at least one selected from the group consisting of the anode and cathode flow paths, and a solution supply source to supply a rinse solution to at least one selected from the group consisting of the anode and cathode flow paths; and a controller programmed to stop supply of carbon dioxide and an electrolytic solution, and supply the rinse solution to at least one selected from the group consisting of the anode and cathode flow paths from the refresh material source, in accordance with the data.

Abstract: Provided are a heat-curable maleimide resin composition capable of yielding a cured product with a high glass-transition temperature, excellent dielectric properties and a superior adhesiveness to a metal foil, and being evenly cured with no curing unevenness at the time of curing due to its favorable compatibility with other resins; and an adhesive agent, substrate material, primer, coating material and semiconductor device containing such composition. This heat-curable maleimide resin composition contains (A) a maleimide compound and (B) a reaction promoter.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode which oxidizes water or hydroxide ions to produce oxygen; a cathode part including a cathode which reduces carbon dioxide to produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path which supplies a cathode solution to the cathode, and a gas flow path which supplies carbon dioxide to the cathode; a separator which separates the anode part and the cathode part; and a differential pressure control unit which controls a differential pressure between a pressure of the cathode solution and a pressure of the carbon dioxide so as to adjust a production amount of the carbon dioxide produced by a reduction reaction in the cathode part.

Abstract: There is provided a carbon dioxide reaction apparatus capable of increasing the use efficiency of CO2.

Abstract: The embodiments provide an electrode catalyst layer for reduction of carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide reduction electrode, and a carbon dioxide electrolysis apparatus. The catalyst layer is made to exhibit high partial current density and to endure a long-term operation by controlling the wettability. The catalyst layer comprises a metallic catalyst supported on carbon material, an ion-conductive material, and a hydrophilic polymer; and is characterized in that a BET specific surface area (AN2) of said catalyst layer determined by nitrogen gas-adsorption and a BET specific surface area (AH2O) of said catalyst layer determined by water vapor-adsorption are in a ratio (AH2O/AN2) of 0.08 or less.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device in an embodiment includes: an electrolysis cell including a cathode including a CO2 gas supply flow path, an anode, and a separator; a CO2 supply unit configured to supply CO2 gas to the gas supply flow path; and a rinse material supply unit configured to make a rinse material containing H2O flow through the CO2 gas supply flow path. The CO2 gas supply flow path includes a first opening provided on one end side, a second opening provided on another end side, and a third opening provided between the first opening and the second opening. The rinse material supply unit is configured to make the rinse material flow at least between the first opening and the third opening of the CO2 gas supply flow path.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, a gas flow path to supply the carbon dioxide to the cathode, and a hydrophobic porous body disposed between the cathode and the gas flow path; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.

Abstract: A cathode part of an electrochemical reaction device comprises a conductor, a porous body, a reduction catalyst, an electrolytic solution flow path, a first flow path, and a second flow path. The conductor has a conductive surface. The porous body includes a first surface, a second surface, a first porous portion, and a second porous portion. The first surface is in contact with the conductive surface. A contact angle between an inner wall of the second porous portion and water is higher than a contact angle between an inner wall of the first porous portion and the water. The reduction catalyst is supported on the second surface to reduce carbon dioxide. The electrolytic solution flow path faces the reduction catalyst. The first flow path faces the first porous portion. The second flow path faces the second porous portion.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.

Abstract: Provided is a bismaleimide compound having a favorable compatibility with other resins and contributing to a higher Tg. The compound is represented by the following formula (1): wherein A independently represents a tetravalent organic group having a cyclic structure, B independently represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 200 carbon atoms, Q independently represents a cyclohexane backbone-containing divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, W represents B or Q, n represents 1 to 100, m represents 0 to 100, repeating units identified by n and m whose bonding pattern may be alternate, block or random are present in any order, and wherein Q is independently represented by the following formula (2): wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, each of x1 and x2 represents a number of 0 to 4.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an anode unit to oxidize water and thus generate oxygen; a cathode unit to reduce carbon dioxide and thus generate a carbon compound and hydrogen; a separator separating the anode and cathode units; and a power supply connected to the anode and cathode units, the cathode unit including: a porous member having a first surface and a second surface; a flow path plate facing the first surface; and a reduction catalyst on the second surface, and the flow path plate including: a flow path through which a target gas containing the carbon dioxide flows; and a porous film separating a first space and a second space inside the flow path and being permeated with an ionic liquid, the ionic liquid being configured to separate the carbon dioxide from the target gas.