Abstract: A zinc-free lubricating composition for lubricating a continuously variable transmission is disclosed, the lubricating composition comprising a mixture of a major amount of a lubricating oil and an effective amount of a performance enhancing additive combination comprising: (a) an ashless polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant; (b) at least one organic thioether phosphite; (c) a calcium phenate overbased detergent at a concentration such that the total amount of calcium in the fluid is less than about 500 ppm; (d) friction modifiers comprising one or more succinimides and one or more ethoxylated amines; and (e) a primary amide of a long chain carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a shift control apparatus for transmission which can reduce or prevent the speed-change shock and/or noise at the balk point where the sleeve engages with the ring in the shift push-in process. In order to achieve the above object, a shift control apparatus for a transmission comprises a plural sets of paired free-rotate gears, a plural sleeves 17, 18, a plural sets of paired synchronize rings 27 to 29, an actuator 65, 70 for actuating the sleeve, a control means 50 for controlling the actuator based on a speed-change command. The control means 50 controls the actuator 70 so that the sleeve 18 is driven by a first drive force Qmax upon starting of a speed-change operation, and is driven by a second drive force Q2 smaller than the first drive force at least during a first time period T3′ to T4′ from a time before a balk point B of the sleeve where the sleeve engages with the synchronize ring in a shift push-in operation.

Abstract: A method for measuring an internal property distribution which includes making measurement light incident from a plurality of light incidence positions on a surface of a measured object, detecting the measurement light that has passed through the object, successively or simultaneously, at at least one light detection position out of a plurality of light detection positions on the surface of the object. A plurality of measurement values obtained by a plurality of combinations of the light incidence position and said light detection position are extracted. A mean value of the measured values are calculated to obtain a reference value and a change amount of a predetermined internal property in each of the plurality of regions of the object are calculated using the plurality of measured values obtained. The reference value thereby establishing an internal property change amount distribution in the object.

Abstract: An arithmetic control mechanism of the present optical CT apparatus calculates first light densities in output portions of an object on the basis of a numerical analysis method, when it is assumed that the object is divided into fine segments and all segments have the same value as an absorption coefficient under predetermined conditions equivalent to an actual measurements; and calculates second light densities in the output portions on the basis of the method, when it is assumed that sequentially selected one of the segments has a specific value as an absorption coefficient under the predetermined conditions.

Abstract: Measuring scattering and absorption properties of a scattering medium according to the following: (a) causing pulsed measuring light having a predetermined wavelength to enter the scattering medium; (b) performing time-resolved measurement of the measuring light having diffusively propagated in the scattering medium at light detection positions corresponding to a plurality of combinations, each comprising a light incidence position on the scattering medium in the first step and a light detection position on the scattering medium where the measuring light entered the scattering medium in the first step and a light detection position on the scattering medium where the measuring light is detected, having different incidence-detection distances between the light incidence position and the light detection position; (c) calculating a plurality of mean optical pathlengths of the measuring light corresponding to the plurality of incidence-detection distances, based on results of the time-resolved measurement measured