Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates; a plurality of pixel regions for providing a display; and a reflective region for providing a display by using reflected light, the reflective region being provided in each of the plurality of pixel regions, wherein the first substrate includes a reflective electrode region in the reflective region, the second substrate includes a color filter layer, the color filter layer having a color filter region and a non-color filter region in the reflective electrode region, and the color filter region and the non-color filter region are located such that an overlapping area of the reflective electrode region and the non-color filter region is not changed even when the first and second substrates are mis-aligned with respect to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes: a plurality of gate lines; a plurality of source lines arranged to cross with the plurality of gate lines; a plurality of switching elements disposed in the vicinity of crossings of the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of source lines; and a plurality of pixel electrodes connected to the plurality of switching elements. The second substrate includes a counter electrode. A plurality of pixel regions are defined by the plurality of pixel electrodes, the counter electrode, and the liquid crystal layer interposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes and the counter electrode, and each of the plurality of pixel regions includes a reflection region and a transmission region.

Abstract: A medicament which comprises as an active ingredient a weakly basic anion exchange resin chelating with ferric ions, preferably a polyamine-type or an acrylic-type resin. The medicament has excellent adsorbability and selectivity to phosphate ions and efficiently adsorb phosphate ions in vivo, and accordingly, is useful for therapeutic and/or preventive treatment of hyperphosphatemia.

Abstract: The image display apparatus of the present invention including a display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix and driven by a field sequential scanning system, includes: a display driving circuit for supplying a display signal to each of the pixels; a scanning circuit for supplying a scanning signal to each of the pixels, the scanning circuit allowing the pixel to receive a charge corresponding to the display signal during a predetermined write time; and a write time modulation circuit for modulating the write time of the pixel according to the progress of the scanning by the scanning circuit.

Abstract: In order to provide a liquid crystal display device which uses a liquid crystal material having physical quantities set so as to contribute to high image quality by reducing crosstalk, flicker, and direct-current component shift, the liquid crystal material used in a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has an effective dielectric constant .epsilon..sub.P in the direction of the long axis and an effective dielectric constant .epsilon..sub.V in the direction of the short axis which, if X=.epsilon..sub.P +.epsilon..sub.V and Y=.epsilon..sub.P .multidot..epsilon..sub.V, satisfy Y=A.multidot.X-B at a certain point in the ranges 9.5.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.15.5, 5.43.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.5.75, and 27.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.36.2.

Abstract: This invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a display medium layer containing at least a liquid crystal material sandwiched between a pair of substrates. In this liquid crystal display device, at least one of the pair of substrates is a plastic substrate having first irregularities on a surface facing the display medium layer, and a polymer wall of a photocurable resin is formed in the display medium layer.

Abstract: An active matrix type image display apparatus which includes: a plurality of data signal lines; a plurality of scanning signal lines crossing the plurality of data signal lines; and a plurality of pixel portions disposed in a matrix in areas enclosed by the plurality of data signal lines and the plurality of scanning signal lines, wherein each of the plurality of pixel portions includes: a pixel capacitor for storing electric charge supplied from at least one of the plurality of data signal lines, to display an image; storage unit connected to the pixel capacitor; and switching unit which alternately selects one of an operation for electrically connecting the pixel capacitor to the storage unit and an operation for electrically disconnecting the pixel capacitor from the storage unit.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a simple matrix liquid crystal display panel including a plurality of scanning electrodes disposed in parallel with each other and a plurality of data electrodes disposed in parallel with each other so as to cross the scanning electrodes, the scanning electrodes are divided into a predetermined number of sub-groups, and each sub-group is successively driven by utilizing an orthogonal function. For a selection, a signal having an electric potential of .+-.Vr, which is a selection pulse string according to the orthogonal function, is applied to the respective scanning electrodes as a scanning electrode driving signal. For a non-selection, a signal having an electric potential of 0 is applied to the respective scanning electrodes as the scanning electrode driving signal.

Abstract: A display unit of an input integral type has a display panel provided with a liquid crystal as a display medium. In the display unit, an optical waveguide is integrally formed in the shape of a matrix and approximately guides light having a predetermined wavelength in parallel with a surface of a display substrate.

Abstract: An optical transmittance adjusting device which includes an optical transmittance adjusting plane divided into a plurality of areas; and adjusting means for detecting an amount of light incident on each of the areas and adjusting an optical transmittance separately for each of the areas based on the detected amount of light.

Abstract: A photomodulation element which uses a color variable filter to obtain the light of a desired wavelength and a liquid crystal element. Light entering the photomodulation element from one side passes through the liquid crystal panel and a second polarizer. The distribution of the transmission light intensity about the wavelength is nearly close to the normal distribution centered on a specific wavelength determined on the basis of the retardation of the liquid crystal panel. Based on the half-value width W necessary in this distribution, the retardation of the panel is determined and the number of the liquid crystal elements is determined so as to obtain a bandwidth which corresponds to the color of the light desired. The retardation of the light crystal is changed by a voltage regulating circuit so that the transmission light intensity distribution at the wavelength of the transmission light of the liquid crystal element is maximized at the desired wavelength .lambda.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, at least one polarizing element, and a plurality of pixels. A retardation (d.times..DELTA.n) of the liquid crystal layer satisfies the relation:d.times..DELTA.n>.lambda./2when incident light is output after passing through the liquid crystal layer once. The retardation satisfies the relation:2d.times..DELTA.n>.lambda./2when the incident light is output after passing through the liquid crystal layer twice. In these relations, d a thickness of the liquid crystal layer, .DELTA.n is a birefringence, and .lambda. is a wavelength of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer. A driving voltage supplier applies a driving voltage including a voltage higher than a maximum voltage providing an extremum of the output light intensity in a voltage-output light intensity characteristic of the pixels to the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to this invention includes a plurality of pixels, each of which is supplied with a pixel data; a pixel capacitance for accumulating an electric charge in accordance with the pixel data; a holding capacitance provided to each of the pixels to hold the pixel data; and a buffer amplifier for supplying the electric charge to the pixel capacitance in accordance with the voltage of the holding capacitance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate having a single-crystalline silicon layer on one surface thereof; a transparent second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, the surface of the first substrate having the single-crystalline silicon layer thereon facing the second substrate with a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween; and a plurality of circuit elements formed in the single-crystalline silicon layer in a corresponding relationship to each of a plurality of pixel areas formed on the surface of the first substrate which faces the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A driving device for a display apparatus having excellent contrast and a high display quality without crosstalk and display irregularities, and a driving method for the same are provided. In the driving device, scanning signals and data signals having a plurality of periodical inactive portions in one frame are applied to respective display dots. In the inactive term, a fixed voltage is applied to each of the display dots. The signal applied to the display dot is divided into small terms by the inactive portions, resulting in more high frequency components in a voltage signal applied to the display dot. As a result, the frequency components of a driving signal applied to the display dot are averaged. Further, a complete orthogonal function having 2.sup.r base function series is used, and a desired display data is completely reproduced on the display apparatus by an arithmetic process assuming auxiliary data in accordance with the number of the scanning electrodes.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device wherein an active device circuit and electrically conductive lines, such as a power source line for supplying power to the semiconductor active device circuit or signal lines for inputting a signal to the semiconductor active device circuit, are formed together on a single substrate, an improved arrangement wherein a conventional power source or signal line is formed by using a plurally of individual lines of substantially uniform electrical resistance where the electrical resistance of each line is limited to a predetermined value. Moreover, a waveform deterioration response signal component is added to a signal transmitted through the signal lines so as to improve the transmitted signal by compensating for waveform deterioration experienced during circuit operation. In addition, an electrical capacity forming electrode is provided alongside substantial length of the power source line.

Abstract: A driving device for a display apparatus having excellent contrast and a high display quality without crosstalk and display irregularities, and a driving method for the same are provided. In the driving device, scanning signals and data signals having a plurality of periodical inactive portions in one frame are applied to respective display dots. In the inactive term, a fixed voltage is applied to each of the display dots. The signal applied to the display dot is divided into small terms by the inactive portions, resulting in more high frequency components in a voltage signal applied to the display dot. As a result, the frequency components of a driving signal applied to the display dot are averaged. Further, a complete orthogonal function having 2.sup.r base function series is used, and a desired display data is completely reproduced on the display apparatus by an arithmetic process assuming auxiliary data in accordance with the number of the scanning electrodes.

Abstract: An active matrix type image display apparatus which includes: a plurality of data signal lines; a plurality of scanning signal lines crossing the plurality of data signal lines; and a plurality of pixel portions disposed in a matrix in areas enclosed by the plurality of data signal lines and the plurality of scanning signal lines, wherein each of the plurality of pixel portions includes: a pixel capacitor for storing electric charge supplied from at least one of the plurality of data signal lines, to display an image; storage unit connected to the pixel capacitor; and switching unit which alternately selects one of an operation for electrically connecting the pixel capacitor to the storage unit and an operation for electrically disconnecting the pixel capacitor from the storage unit.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device according to the present invention includes: a substrate; a storage medium provided above the substrate; a writing unit having a heating unit provided above the substrate, for heating the storage medium by the heating unit to write data in the storage medium with a thermal change of a physical value of the storage medium; and a reading unit having an electrical reading unit provided above the substrate, for reading the change of the physical value of the storage medium as data written in the storage medium by the electrical reading unit.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to present a liquid crystal display device capable of displaying high precisely and brightly. The incident light into the reflection type liquid crystal display element is selectively varied by using the light selecting means, that is, cyan filter, magenta filter, and yellow filter, and red light, green light, and blue light are entered in every unit time. By controlling the reflection/cutoff of color lights of these three primary color by the reflection type liquid crystal display element, multicolor display of eight colors or full-color display is realized.