Abstract: The present invention relates to a projection type liquid crystal display. In a preferred aspect, the projection type liquid crystal display of the invention includes an optical source for generating light, a light dividing unit which divides the light into a first light having a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction and allows the first and second lights to come out in different directions from each other, a pair of reflective liquid crystal display elements formed of a first reflective liquid crystal display element and a second reflective liquid crystal display element with synchronization, a light synthesizing unit for receiving the first light which comes out of the first reflective liquid crystal display element and the second light which comes out of the second reflective liquid crystal display element and synthesizing the first and second lights into image light, and a screen.

Abstract: To present a liquid crystal device high in contrast, bright and possessing high speed response characteristics, and to present electronic appliances such as liquid crystal display device and image pickup apparatus of high contrast and brightness, copier, printing plate process machine, facsimile communication apparatus, optical communication apparatus and image operation apparatus. A liquid crystal device comprising a pair of substrates forming electrodes respectively on the confronting surfaces, a power supply for applying voltage to the electrodes, and first and second liquid crystal layers interspaced between the pair of substrates, in which the first and second liquid crystal layers are contained in a three-dimensional reticular high molecular weight compound, the directions of orientation of liquid crystal molecules are aligned almost in one direction, and the directions of their orientations are mutually different near the substrates.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes two substrates having electrodes, respectively, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the two substrates. One of the two substrates includes a plurality of linear luminous sources ranged in parallel each other, a plurality of linear electrodes ranged in parallel each other and the linear electrodes being crossed with the plurality of linear luminous sources, and a plurality of photoconductive layers provided at crossed positions of the plurality of linear luminous sources and the plurality of linear electrodes, the photoconductive layers serving to perform switching operation in response to light applied from the plurality of linear luminous sources. The liquid crystal has pixels to be driven by a signal applied through the plurality of linear electrodes and the plurality of photoconductive layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal layer between substrates is provided with a liquid crystal orientation layer sandwiched between a substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal orientation layer is made of a mixture of liquid crystal molecules and a photo polymerizable compound. While projecting an ultraviolet ray so as to harden the photo polymerizable compound, a predetermined voltage set according to a desired pretilt angle is applied, thereby fixing the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are controlled so as to have an orientation direction set according to the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal orientation layer. The described liquid crystal orientation layer offers easy and accurate control of the pretilt angle. Therefore, for example, in the DAP mode liquid crystal display, a small pretilt angle can be set on an entire surface of the substrate, thereby achieving a high contrast display.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device which includes a recording medium, a heating means for heating the recording medium, a reading means for reading the information stored in the recording medium, and the recording medium containing a liquid crystal compound.

Abstract: The goggle type display apparatus of this invention comprises a first image generating unit for providing an image for the left eye and a second image generating unit for providing an image for the right eye, each of the first image generating unit and the second image generating unit comprising: a polarization beam splitter for polarizing light emitted from a light source; and a reflection type display device including a substrate, a switching circuit formed on the substrate, a display medium for modulating the light polarized by the polarization beam splitter to provide the light with image information, and an electrode layer electrically connected to the switching circuit for applying a voltage to the display medium, the electrode layer reflecting the light incident thereto after passing through the display medium.

Abstract: A twisted nematic liquid crystal display apparatus rotates the plane of polarization of the light with optical rotatory power of a liquid crystal layer. Thereby a display operation is made by switching pass/interruption of the light by use of a pair of polarizers sandwiching the liquid crystal layer. At this time, by associating an optical compensating member whose optical anisotropy is in the opposite characteristics with a liquid crystal display device, leakage of light and coloration caused by birefringence and optical rotary dispersion in the liquid crystal layer are prevented. Further, the switching characteristic of the light over the entire visible light region is enhanced, and color display is of a high in contrast ratio.

Abstract: A display device provides a liquid crystal 41 served as a display medium, a plurality of pixel electrodes for driving the liquid crystal 41, a plurality of lower electrodes x.sub.1 to x.sub.128 and upper electrodes Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.100 ranged in the row or column direction, a plurality of photoconductive elements S.sup.X.sub.1,1 to S.sup.X.sub.128,100 and S.sup.Y.sub.1,1 to S.sup.Y.sub.128,100 provided on each of these pixel electrodes for electrically connecting or disconnecting the signal lines with or from the pixel electrodes, and a plurality of linear luminous bodies X.sub.1 to X.sub.128 and Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.100 provided in the column and row directions in a manner to selectively apply light to the photoconductive elements and control connection or disconnection of the photoconductive elements.

Abstract: As a memory medium, a liquid crystal composite or a composite including a liquid crystal component in a molecule is used. The memory medium is heated by a heat generating layer which is heated by a pair of electrodes, thereby changing a phase of the memory medium. Thus, data is written into the memory medium. A change in a property or a phase transition of the memory medium is electrically or optically detected, thereby reading the data from the memory medium.

Abstract: A single crystal silicon substrate organic polymer liquid crystal display device uses a first light incident substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, the second substrate being formed of a single crystal silicon, and an organic polymer liquid crystal material between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display device excelling in uniformity and capable of making a bright display is presented. At the front side of the liquid crystal display element, that is, at the observer side, a light guide plate is disposed, and a pair of lamps are disposed at the outer side of the confronting side surfaces of the light guide plate. Collimators for limiting the incident angle .theta. to the upper surface of the light from the lamps are disposed between the light guide plate and lamps. That is, by the collimators, the incident angle .theta. to the upper surface is defined so that the incident light may be totally reflected, and that the reflected light may not be totally reflected by the lower surface 61b. As a result, the light from the lamps will not reach the observer directly, and a uniform illumination of the liquid crystal display element may be realized.

Abstract: A liquid crystal operation device including a pair of substrates opposed to each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrates; and a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes which are at least partially opposed to each other with an insulating film interposed therebetween. The first electrodes are provided on one of the substrates. The liquid crystal operation device further includes a third electrode provided on a surface of the other substrate to be opposed to the second electrodes; and a photosensitive section bridging the second electrodes and a signal line provided in the vicinity of the second electrodes. The photosensitive section is formed of a photoconductive material. A first capacitance is generated between the first electrodes and the second electrodes, a second capacitance is generated between the second electrodes and the third electrode.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display device which displays an image on a screen by projecting the light emitted from a light source and passing through a liquid crystal display element onto said screen, said element having first and second liquid crystal panels, a plurality of signal electrodes which are parallel with each other; and scanning electrodes which are parallel with each other and are orthogonal to said signal electrodes, said signal electrodes and scanning electrodes being disposed for sandwiching each said liquid crystal layer therebetween and modulating the strength of light that has been transmitted through each portion of said liquid crystal layer, wherein the signal electrodes arranged in parallel on the first liquid display panel are separated into two parts at the middle of upper half display portion, and the signal electrodes arranged in parallel on the second display panel are separated into two parts at the middle of lower half display portion.

Abstract: A reflective-type liquid crystal display device and a method for producing same, the reflective-type liquid crystal display device including a transmissive substrate including pixel electrodes, a reflection plate comprising a core plate having an uneven surface on one side thereof and a metal thin layer covering the uneven surface of the substrate, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrate and the reflection plate.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a reflector with a number of small convex portions of the same shape is provided. The reflector is formed by patterning a photosensitive resin applied to one surface of a core substrate to a predetermined pattern so as to form a number of small convex portions, heat-treating the surface having the convex portions, and covering the surface with a reflective film. By suitably selecting the shape of the convex portions, the reflective properties of the reflector are controlled.

Abstract: An information input and output apparatus includes an active matrix type display device and switching device. In the information input and output apparatus, the display device displays an image according to an image signal, and has plural pixel electrodes formed in a matrix shape on a transparent substrate. The switching device drives the display device in response to a predetermined voltage to be applied to one of row electrode lines and a predetermined voltage to be applied as the image signal to one of column electrode lines. A photoconductive layer is formed between each of the row electrode lines and each of the column electrode lines at each intersection of the row electrode lines and the column electrode lines in a structure relation to receive light projected from the light pen. When light projected from a light pen is incident onto the photoconductive layer, the resistance thereof decreases.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of laminated liquid crystal layers and a transparent substrate interposed between the liquid crystal layers, the transparent substrate being formed of an aggregate of optical fibers arranged so that a ray may be introduced between main and back surfaces of the substrate, whereby aberration of a display image of adjacent liquid crystal layers caused by a difference of a viewing angle can be prevented.

Abstract: A twisted nematic liquid crystal display apparatus rotates the plane of polarization of the light with optical rotatory power of a liquid crystal layer. Thereby, a display operation is made by switching pass/interruption of the light by use of a pair of polarizers sandwiching the liquid crystal layer. At this time, by associating an optical compensating member whose optical anisotropy is in the opposite characteristic with a liquid crystal display device, leakage of light and coloration caused by birefringence and optical rotary dispersion in the liquid crystal layer are prevented. Further, the switching characteristic of the light over the entire visible light region is enhanced, and color display is of a high contrast ratio.

Abstract: A method for driving a multi-layered-type liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of cell layers, and each cell layer contains liquid crystal molecules twisted between two transparent substrates so as to have a relatively large birefringence and having a light transmittance changing responsive to a voltage applied thereto. Voltages to be applied to respective cell layers are determined so as to pass a predetermined color light in combination of the light transmittances of individual cell layers. Further, these cell layers are driven by those voltages determined to display an image having the predetermined color light on the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: Several large-screen displays making use of liquid crystal light valve have been realized. The photoactivated liquid crystal light valve is composed by intervening a photoconductor layer between a liquid crystal layer and an electrode. The photoconductor layer changes in impedance when exposed with light. Therefore, when light is emitted to the photoconductor layer while a voltage is applied between electrodes, the voltage applied to the exposed portion varies, and the orientation state of the liquid crystal layer changes. Thus, an image is formed on the liquid crystal layer. The structure for emitting/interrupting the light mentioned above may be reduced in size by using liquid crystal shutter arrays. As the liquid crystal layer usable in the liquid crystal shutter arrays, SmC* phase liquid crystal showing a ferrodielectric property may be used, so that the response may be enhanced. Therefore, not limited to the still picture display alone, a moving picture may be also displayed.