Abstract: Contact lens testing apparatuses and method for testing contact lenses for analytes are presented. In an aspect, a device is provided that includes a housing configured to hold one or more contact lenses, and a testing compartment provided within the housing and comprising a reagent, the reagent configured to facilitate a chemical reaction in response to the existence of a predetermined biomarker disposed on or within a contact lens placed in the testing compartment, wherein the chemical reaction produces a known result related to state information of an individual from which the biomarker was generated.

Abstract: An analyte sensor including an antiglycolytic agent or a precursor thereof and a chelating agent that stabilizes the antiglycolytic agent positioned proximate to the working electrode of the sensor. Also provided are systems and methods of using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lenses having an electrochemical sensor to detect ethanol concentration of a wearer of the contact lens are provided. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens and an electrochemical sensor, disposed on or within the substrate, that detects information related to concentration of alcohol present in blood of a wearer of the contact lens.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lenses having one or more sensor that sense an analyte in tear fluid and one or more recesses that collect the tear fluid. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens and a recess formed within the substrate configured to collect tear fluid when the contact lens is worn. The contact lens further includes at least one sensor disposed within the substrate configured to sense presence of an analyte in the collected tear fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lenses with two-electrode electrochemical sensors are provided. In some aspects, the contact lens includes: a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens; and a circuit, disposed on or within the substrate, and including a two-electrode electrochemical sensor. The two-electrode electrochemical sensor can include: a working electrode; and a combination reference-counter electrode. The electrochemical sensor can be an amperometric sensor that senses a biological feature of a wearer of the contact lens. The working electrode can generate a signal indicative of the sensed analyte, and the combination reference-counter electrode can pass the signal generated from the working electrode. The signal can be employed to determine the analyte concentration of a solution in contact with the contact lens.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lenses with two-electrode electrochemical sensors are provided. In some aspects, the contact lens includes: a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens; and a circuit, disposed on or within the substrate, and including a two-electrode electrochemical sensor. The two-electrode electrochemical sensor can include: a working electrode; and a combination reference-counter electrode. The electrochemical sensor can be an amperometric sensor that senses a biological feature of a wearer of the contact lens. The working electrode can generate a signal indicative of the sensed analyte, and the combination reference-counter electrode can pass the signal generated from the working electrode. The signal can be employed to determine the analyte concentration of a solution in contact with the contact lens.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lenses having one or more sensor that sense an analyte in tear fluid and one or more recesses that collect the tear fluid. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens and a recess formed within the substrate configured to collect tear fluid when the contact lens is worn. The contact lens further includes at least one sensor disposed within the substrate configured to sense presence of an analyte in the collected tear fluid.

Abstract: An analyte sensor for use in connection with a biofluid is described. The analyte sensor may comprise any suitable interface between the biofluid and a derivative of the biofluid and any suitable transducer of information concerning an analyte. At least one catalytic agent is provided in a locale or vicinity of the interface. The catalytic agent, such as a proteinaceous agent or a non-proteinaceous, organic-metal agent, is sufficient to catalyze the degradation of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species that may be present in the vicinity of the interface. An analyte-sensing kit and a method of sensing an analyte are also described.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent that selectively reacts with an analyte to generate a sensor measurement related to a concentration of the analyte in a fluid to which the eye-mountable device is exposed. The working electrode can have at least one dimension less than 25 micrometers. The reference electrode can have an area at least five times greater than an area of the working electrode. A portion of the polymeric material can surround the working electrode and the reference electrode such that an electrical current conveyed between the working electrode and the reference electrode is passed through the at least partially surrounding portion of the transparent polymeric material.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent that selectively reacts with an analyte to generate a sensor measurement related to a concentration of the analyte in a fluid to which the eye-mountable device is exposed. A calibration-solution measurement is obtained while the eye-mountable device is exposed to a calibration solution. A calibration value is determined based on at least the calibration-solution measurement and an analyte concentration of the calibration solution. A tear-film measurement is obtained while the eye-mountable device is mounted to an eye so as to be exposed to tear film. The analyte concentration of the tear film is determined based on at least the tear-film measurement and the calibration value.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent that selectively reacts with an analyte to generate a sensor measurement related to a concentration of the analyte in a fluid to which the eye-mountable device is exposed. The working electrode can have at least one dimension less than 25 micrometers. The reference electrode can have an area at least five times greater than an area of the working electrode. A portion of the polymeric material can surround the working electrode and the reference electrode such that an electrical current conveyed between the working electrode and the reference electrode is passed through the at least partially surrounding portion of the transparent polymeric material.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent that selectively reacts with an analyte to generate a sensor measurement related to a concentration of the analyte in a fluid to which the eye-mountable device is exposed. A calibration-solution measurement is obtained while the eye-mountable device is exposed to a calibration solution. A calibration value is determined based on at least the calibration-solution measurement and an analyte concentration of the calibration solution. A tear-film measurement is obtained while the eye-mountable device is mounted to an eye so as to be exposed to tear film. The analyte concentration of the tear film is determined based on at least the tear-film measurement and the calibration value.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lens sensors are provided. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate and a circuit. The circuit can include: one or more sensors disposed on or within the substrate, that sense a feature associated with a wearer of the contact lens; and a compensation circuit disposed on or within the substrate, coupled to the sensor(s) and that outputs information to adjust an output of the sensor(s). The compensation circuit can include: a temperature component that senses the temperature of the sensor(s); and a communication component that outputs information indicative of the temperature of the sensor(s), and receives information associated with adjusting the output of the sensor(s). In other aspects, a contact lens includes a circuit that senses the body temperature, or ambient temperature outside of the body, of the contact lens wearer. Sensor fusion and/or calibration can be performed based on the information.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods are provided that employ contact lenses that facilitate testing for an analyte present within tear fluid. In an aspect, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens and one or more cavities disposed within the substrate configured to collect and store tear fluid over time when the contact lens is worn over an eye. In another aspect, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens and one or more receptors disposed on or within the substrate, the one or more receptors are configured to bind to a known ligand.

Abstract: Contact lens testing apparatuses and method for testing contact lenses for analytes are presented. In an aspect, a device is provided that includes a housing configured to hold one or more contact lenses, and a testing compartment provided within the housing and comprising a reagent, the reagent configured to facilitate a chemical reaction in response to the existence of a predetermined biomarker disposed on or within a contact lens placed in the testing compartment, wherein the chemical reaction produces a known result related to state information of an individual from which the biomarker was generated.

Abstract: Provided are sensors for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample fluid. In certain embodiments, the sensors include conductive particles and exhibit improved uniformity of distribution of one or more sensing chemistry components, increased effective working electrode surface area, and/or reduced entry of interfering components into a sample chamber of the sensor. Methods of using and manufacturing the sensors are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: The present application provides Ag/AgCl based reference electrodes having an extended lifetime that are suitable for use in long term amperometric sensors. Electrochemical sensors equipped with reference electrodes described herein demonstrate considerable stability and extended lifetime in a variety of conditions.

Abstract: Devices and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte are provided. Embodiments of the subject devices include analyte monitoring systems that include an analyte sensor capable of providing clinically accurate analyte data without a substantial time delay after operably positioning the sensor in a patient. Embodiments of the subject methods include operably positioning an analyte sensor in a patient and obtaining clinically accurate analyte data without a substantial time delay after the positioning. Also provided are systems and kits for use in analyte monitoring.