Abstract: Molded electronic structures configured for use in body-mountable devices and methods for embedding molded electronic structures in a body-mountable device are described. An example method may include molding an electronic structure to have first curvature corresponding to a first radius of curvature. The electronic structure may include an antenna, a sensor, and an electronic device. The example method may also include adhering the molded electronic structure to a first polymer layer. The example method may additionally include forming a second polymer layer over the molded electronic structure adhered to the first polymer layer.

Abstract: Method and system for determining real time analyte concentration including an analyte sensor having a portion in fluid contact with an interstitial fluid under a skin layer, an on-body electronics including a housing coupled to the analyte sensor and configured for positioning on the skin layer, the on-body electronics housing including a plurality of electrical contacts, on the housing; and a data analysis unit having a data analysis unit housing and a plurality of probes, on the housing. Each of the probes configured to electrically couple to a respective electrical contact when the data analysis unit is positioned in physical contact with the on-body electronics. The one or more signals on the probes correspond to one or more of a substantially real time monitored analyte concentration level (MACL), MACL over a predetermined time period, or a rate of change of the MACL, or combinations thereof, are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluid conductivity sensor that can be used to obtain in-vivo measurements of conductivity of biological fluid samples, for example, to determine osmolarity. The conductivity sensor can be disposed on a substrate that is at least partially embedded within a polymeric material of a body-mountable device. The conductivity sensor can include a frame having a trench formed therein that defines a fluid sample cell. First and second electrodes can be formed on sidewalls of the trench, such that the first and second electrodes are on opposite sides of the fluid sample cell. A controller in the body-mountable device can operate the sensor by applying a voltage to the electrodes and measuring a current through a fluid occupying the fluid sample cell. The body-mountable device may indicate the current measurements wirelessly using an antenna.

Abstract: A method may involve providing a conductive pattern on a bio-compatible layer. The conductive pattern may include a first conductive layer that comprises a first metal and a second conductive layer that comprises a second metal. The second conductive layer may be over the first conductive layer, and the first metal may be more malleable than the second metal. The method may also include mounting an electrical component to the conductive pattern to provide an electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor may be configured for use in a body-mountable device.

Abstract: An analyte sensor and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. In one aspect, the analyte sensor includes a sensing membrane having a crosslinked network with an embedded analyte sensing component. In another aspect, the analyte sensor includes a protective membrane adjacent to the surface of the sensing membrane. The protective membrane can be a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer having methacrylate-derived backbone chains of first methacrylate-derived units, second methacrylate-derived units and third methacrylate-derived units. The first and second methacrylate-derived units have hydrophilic side chains, and the third methacrylate-derived units in different backbone chains are connected by hydrophilic crosslinks. A method for making the analyte sensor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent that selectively reacts with an analyte to generate a sensor measurement related to a concentration of the analyte in a fluid to which the eye-mountable device is exposed. The working electrode can have at least one dimension less than 25 micrometers. The reference electrode can have an area at least five times greater than an area of the working electrode. A portion of the polymeric material can surround the working electrode and the reference electrode such that an electrical current conveyed between the working electrode and the reference electrode is passed through the at least partially surrounding portion of the transparent polymeric material.

Abstract: An analyte sensor for measuring physiological parameters, a method for making the analyte sensor, and method of measuring a level of an analyte in a subject are disclosed. In one aspect, the analyte sensor includes a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer in contact with a surface of an electrode, and an analyte sensing component embedded within the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer. The crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer has methacrylate-derived backbone chains of first methacrylate-derived units, second methacrylate-derived units and third methacrylate-derived units. The first and second methacrylate-derived units have side chains that can be the same or different, and the third methacrylate-derived units in different backbone chains are connected by hydrophilic crosslinks. The crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer has an analyte permeability that is substantially temperature independent. The analyte sensor generates signals that are substantially temperature independent over a range of temperatures.

Abstract: An analyte sensor and method of making are provided. The analyte sensor includes a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer in contact with a surface of an electrode; and an analyte sensing component embedded within the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer, where the analyte sensing component is surrounded by a buffer having a predetermined buffering component and pH value and where the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer includes: backbone chains having first methacrylate-derived units, each having a first hydrophilic side chain; second methacrylate-derived units, each having a second hydrophilic side chain, where the first and second side chains are the same or different; third methacrylate-derived units; and hydrophilic crosslinks between third methacrylate-derived units in different backbone chains. The analyte sensor may be maintained at a humidity level of less than 25% to maintain its performance during storage.

Abstract: A method involving forming a sacrificial layer on a working substrate; forming a first bio-compatible layer on the sacrificial layer such that the first bio-compatible layer adheres to the sacrificial layer, wherein the first bio-compatible layer defines a first side of a bio-compatible device; forming a conductive pattern on the first bio-compatible layer, the conductive pattern comprising a metal; mounting an electronic component to the conductive pattern; forming a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the conductive pattern by contacting the conductive pattern with a functionalized sulfur compound or a functionalized selenium compound; forming an adhesion layer on the SAM by contacting the SAM with an adhesion promoter; forming a second bio-compatible layer over the first bio-compatible layer, the electronic component, and the conductive pattern having the adhesion layer, wherein the second bio-compatible layer defines a second side of the bio-compatible device; and removing the sacrificial layer to release t

Abstract: An analyte sensor and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. In one aspect, the analyte sensor includes a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer in contact with a surface of an electrode, and an analyte sensing component embedded within the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer. The method of making the analyte sensor includes depositing a precursor mixture containing monomers and an analyte sensing component onto an electrode, exposing the deposited precursor mixture to a controlled environment for a specified period of time, and photopolymerizing the deposited exposed precursor mixture into a copolymer layer in contact with a surface of the electrode. Exposing the deposited precursor mixture to a controlled environment can increase the sensitivity of the sensor by reducing the thickness of the copolymer layer and/or by causing the analyte sensitive component within the copolymer layer to have a non-uniform concentration within the layer.

Abstract: The present application provides Ag/AgCl based reference electrodes having an extended lifetime that are suitable for use in long term amperometric sensors. Electrochemical sensors equipped with reference electrodes described herein demonstrate considerable stability and extended lifetime in a variety of conditions.

Abstract: An analyte sensor system including a substrate, a first electrode disposed on a first surface of the substrate, a second electrode disposed on a second surface of the substrate, a third electrode provided in electrical contact with at least one of the first or second electrodes, where at least a portion of the first electrode and the second electrode are subcutaneously positioned in a patient, and where the third electrode is substantially entirely positioned external to the patient, and corresponding methods are provided.

Abstract: A body-mountable urea sensing device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent localized near the working electrode that selectively reacts with urea. A potentiometric voltage between the working electrode and the reference electrode is related to a concentration of urea in a fluid to which the electrochemical sensor is exposed; the voltage is measured by the body-mountable device and wirelessly communicated.

Abstract: A body-mountable pyruvate sensing device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent localized near the working electrode that selectively reacts with pyruvate. Application of a voltage between the working electrode and the reference electrode causes a current related to a concentration of pyruvate in a fluid to which the electrochemical sensor is exposed; the current is measured by the body-mountable device and wirelessly communicated.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lens sensors are provided. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate and a circuit. The circuit can include: one or more sensors disposed on or within the substrate, that sense a feature associated with a wearer of the contact lens; and a compensation circuit disposed on or within the substrate, coupled to the sensor(s) and that outputs information to adjust an output of the sensor(s). The compensation circuit can include: a temperature component that senses the temperature of the sensor(s); and a communication component that outputs information indicative of the temperature of the sensor(s), and receives information associated with adjusting the output of the sensor(s). In other aspects, a contact lens includes a circuit that senses the body temperature, or ambient temperature outside of the body, of the contact lens wearer. Sensor fusion and/or calibration can be performed based on the information.

Abstract: Method and system for determining real time analyte concentration including an analyte sensor having a portion in fluid contact with an interstitial fluid under a skin layer, an on-body electronics including a housing coupled to the analyte sensor and configured for positioning on the skin layer, the on-body electronics housing including a plurality of electrical contacts, on the housing; and a data analysis unit having a data analysis unit housing and a plurality of probes, on the housing. Each of the probes configured to electrically couple to a respective electrical contact when the data analysis unit is positioned in physical contact with the on-body electronics. The one or more signals on the probes correspond to one or more of a substantially real time monitored analyte concentration level (MACL), MACL over a predetermined time period, or a rate of change of the MACL, or combinations thereof, are provided.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent that selectively reacts with an analyte to generate a sensor measurement related to a concentration of the analyte in a fluid to which the eye-mountable device is exposed. The working electrode can have at least one dimension less than 25 micrometers. The reference electrode can have an area at least five times greater than an area of the working electrode. A portion of the polymeric material can surround the working electrode and the reference electrode such that an electrical current conveyed between the working electrode and the reference electrode is passed through the at least partially surrounding portion of the transparent polymeric material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method including forming a polymer layer defining a side of an eye-mountable device. The method may also include providing an adhesive in a ring-shaped pattern on a ring-shaped substrate or on the first polymer layer. The method may also include providing the ring-shaped substrate on the first polymer layer in a predetermined rotational orientation. The method may also include applying a force to one or more of the ring-shaped substrate and the polymer layer to adhere the first polymer layer to the ring-shaped substrate. The method may also include curing the ring-shaped substrate and the first polymer layer.

Abstract: An analyte sensor for the continuous or semi-continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. In one aspect, the analyte sensor includes an electrode, a sensing layer in contact with a surface of the electrode, and a protective membrane. The sensing layer is a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer including poly(alkylene oxide) and poly(vinyl pyridine), and an analyte sensing component is immobilized within the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer. The protective membrane is a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer including alkylene oxide, vinyl pyridine and styrene units. The method involves the formation of a sensing layer on a surface of an electrode, followed by the formation of a protective membrane on a surface of the sensing layer.