Abstract: Compounds that are related to natural synthetic lipochitooligosaccharide analogs were chemically synthesized and found to be effective as plant performance enhancers. The compounds are amine-oligosaccharides with a substituent aryl-containing aliphatic carboxylic acid attached at the amine to the terminal amine-sugar unit. The aryl containing aliphatic carboxylic acid terminates with an aromatic ring structure.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for measuring an analyte concentration in a fluidic sample. Such methods further allow one to provide an error code or correct and/or compensate for interferents such as an antioxidant before providing an analyte concentration. The measurement methods utilize information obtained from test sequences having at least one DC block, such as a slow-ramped bi-polar waveform, where a closed circuit condition is maintained during the DC block. The methods use information relating to status of a redox mediator feature during the electrochemical analysis to provide an antioxidant failsafe if the antioxidant is interfering with the analyte concentration. Also disclosed are devices, apparatuses and systems incorporating the various measurement methods.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for measuring an analyte concentration in a fluidic sample. Such methods further allow one to correct and/or compensate for confounding variables such as hematocrit (Hct), temperature or both before providing an analyte concentration. The measurement methods utilize information obtained from test sequences having at least one AC block and at least one pulsed DC block, where pulsed DC block includes at least one recovery potential, and where a closed circuit condition of the electrode system is maintained during the DC block. Also disclosed are devices, apparatuses and systems incorporating the various measurement methods.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for measuring an analyte concentration in a fluidic sample. Such methods allow one to correct and/or compensate for confounding variables such as hematocrit, salt concentration and/or temperature before providing an analyte concentration. The measurement methods use response information from a test sequence having at least one DC block, where DC block includes at least one excitation pulse and at least one recovery pulse, and where a closed circuit condition of an electrode system is maintained during the at least one recovery pulse. Information encoded in the excitation and recovery pulses are used to build within- and across-pulse descriptors to correct/compensate for hematocrit, salt concentration and/or temperature effects on the analyte concentration. Methods of transforming current response data also are disclosed. Further disclosed are devices, apparatuses and systems incorporating the various measurement methods.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a glycol chitosan derivative having a hydrophobic substituent, to a method for preparing the glycol chitosan derivative, and to a use of the glycol chitosan derivative. In particular, the glycol chitosan derivative has a structure where an amine group at the 2-position is partially substituted with an acetyl group and a hydrophobic group R and is utilized in medical, bio, electric and other fields, by virtue of its thermo-sensitive characteristics of causing sol-gel transition at a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus and a distance measuring method are provided. The distance measuring apparatus includes a GPS module, an ultrasound transceiver module and a control module. The GPS module is configured to generate a pulse signal. The ultrasound transceiver module is configured to generate and transmit a first ultrasound signal and receive a second ultrasound signal transmitted from an object. When the control module receives the pulse signal, the control module controls the ultrasound transceiver module to generate and transmit the first ultrasound signal, and determines whether the ultrasound transceiver module receives the second ultrasound signal within a first interval. When the ultrasound transceiver module receives the second ultrasound signal within the first interval, the control module determines a distance between the distance measuring apparatus and the object according to a time difference.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical phase device with its application method and system. The optical phase device consists of a transparent dielectric substrate, a multilayer stack of dielectrics and a buffer layer. The refractive index of the transparent dielectric substrate, the multilayer stack of dielectrics and the buffer layer are all larger than that of the external medium. For the wavelength of the incident beam, the optical phase device has a phase variation in the angular range [?, ?] and the critical angle for total reflection on the interface between the buffer layer and the external medium adjacent to the buffer layer is ?, ?<?. Our invention of the optical device has both low loss and large phase variation, which leads to a large Goos-Hanchen shift. As a dispersion compensation component, it can produce bigger and tunable dispersion, and different dispersion compensations can be got by adjusting the operating angle or parameters in the structure.

Abstract: A process for mechanical destructuring of cellulosic biomass was developed that makes use of a short application of high compression, impact, and shearing forces. The biomass may be destructured using a specific energy input that is less than 40% of the total combustible energy of the biomass. The destructured biomass, with or without saccharification and/or in-feed glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, may be used in feed applications.

Abstract: A method and a system for measuring an optical asynchronous sample signal. The system for measuring an optical asynchronous sampling signal comprises a pulsed optical source capable of emitting two optical pulse sequences with different repetition frequencies, a signal optical path, a reference optical path, and a detection device. Since the optical asynchronous sampling signal can be measured by merely using one pulsed optical source, the complexity and cost of the system are reduced. A multi-frequency optical comb system using the pulsed optical source and a method for implementing the multi-frequency optical comb are further disclosed.

Abstract: A burnthrough resistant laminate film is described. Embodiments of the burnthrough resistant laminate film include a glass layer, a first film, a second film, and an adhesive. The glass layer can include a high purity silicon dioxide cloth. The first film and the second film can be adapted to be fire retardant. The adhesive can include at least one inorganic filler adapted to negate heat transfer. The glass layer, the first film, and the second film can be coupled together by the adhesive and thermally laminated.

Abstract: A method and a system for measuring an optical asynchronous sample signal. The system for measuring an optical asynchronous sampling signal comprises a pulsed optical source capable of emitting two optical pulse sequences with different repetition frequencies, a signal optical path, a reference optical path, and a detection device. Since the optical asynchronous sampling signal can be measured by merely using one pulsed optical source, the complexity and cost of the system are reduced. A multi-frequency optical comb system using the pulsed optical source and a method for implementing the multi-frequency optical comb are further disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are methods for obtaining modified polyarylene sulfide compositions having improved thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, the compositions so obtained, and articles comprising the compositions. The method comprises the steps of contacting, in the presence of a suitable solvent, a polyarylene sulfide with at least one reducing agent and at least base to form a first mixture. The reducing agent comprises zinc(0), tin(0), tin(II), bismuth (0), bismuth(III), or a combination thereof. The first mixture is heated to form a second mixture in which the polyarylene sulfide is dissolved. The polyarylene sulfide is then precipitated to obtain a modified polyarylene sulfide.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a detection system for acquiring the SPR angle, including a modulatable SPR sensor to be detected; an incident light source apparatus; a photoelectric detector; a narrowband filter system; a modulated signal source for generating an alternating current signal that is used to modulate said modulatable SPR sensor; and a data processing system for recording the corresponding relationship between the incident angle and the intensity of the filtered reflected light and further obtaining the resonance angle of said modulatable SPR sensor. The present disclosure also provides a corresponding detection method for acquiring the SPR angle.

Abstract: Provided are methods for obtaining modified polyarylene sulfide compositions having improved thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, the compositions so obtained, and articles comprising the compositions. The method comprises the steps of contacting, in the presence of a suitable solvent, a polyarylene sulfide with at least one reducing agent and at least base to form a first mixture. The reducing agent comprises zinc(0), tin(0), tin(II), bismuth (0), bismuth(III), or a combination thereof. The first mixture is heated to form a second mixture in which the polyarylene sulfide is dissolved. The polyarylene sulfide is then precipitated to obtain a modified polyarylene sulfide.

Abstract: Provided are methods for obtaining modified polyarylene sulfide compositions having improved thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, the compositions so obtained, and articles comprising the compositions. The method comprises the steps of contacting, in the presence of a suitable solvent, a polyarylene sulfide with at least one reducing agent and at least base to form a first mixture. The reducing agent comprises zinc(0), tin(0), tin(II), bismuth (0), bismuth(III), or a combination thereof. The first mixture is heated to form a second mixture in which the polyarylene sulfide is dissolved. The polyarylene sulfide is then precipitated to obtain a modified polyarylene sulfide.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an integrated circuit packaging system includes: providing a die attach pad integrally connected to a connector portion and a lead; attaching an integrated circuit die to the die attach pad; connecting an internal interconnect to the integrated circuit die and the lead; forming an encapsulation over the integrated circuit die; removing the connector portion to separate the die attach pad and the lead; and forming an isolation cover between the die attach pad and the lead.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an integrated circuit packaging system includes: providing a die attach pad integrally connected to a connector portion and a lead; attaching an integrated circuit die to the die attach pad; connecting an internal interconnect to the integrated circuit die and the lead; forming an encapsulation over the integrated circuit die; removing the connector portion to separate the die attach pad and the lead; and forming an isolation cover between the die attach pad and the lead.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for systems and methods for predicting ligand with high binding affinities for protein receptors, as reflected by the binding free energy of the protein-ligand complex. A set of ligands and protein receptors are analyzed. Based on empirically determined data, such as van der Waal forces, hydrogen bonding, metal chelation, and other properties known for certain ligands, the binding free energy for a particular protein-ligand complex may be predicted. In addition, results may be filtered by sampling a range of predicted binding affinities by changing the arrangement in which the ligand docks with the protein receptor.

Abstract: Provided are novel compositions comprising a polyarylene sulfide and at least one tin additive comprising a branched tin(II) carboxylate selected from the group consisting of Sn(O2CR)2, Sn(O2CR)(O2CR?), Sn(O2CR)(O2CR?), and mixtures thereof, where the carboxylate moieties O2CR and O2CR? independently represent branched carboxylate anions and the carboxylate moiety O2CR? represents a linear carboxylate anion. Articles comprising the novel compositions are also provided. In addition, methods to improve the thermal stability of polyarylene sulfides, and methods to improve the thermo-oxidative stability of polyarylene sulfides, through the use of the disclosed branched tin(II) carboxylates are provided. The polyarylene sulfide compositions are useful in various applications which require superior thermal resistance, chemical resistance, and electrical insulating properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glycol chitosane derivative, a preparation method thereof and a drug delivery system comprising the same. More specifically, the invention relates to a glycol chitosan derivative, which can form nano-sized self-assembled structures and has both temperature sensitivity and biodegradability so as to be suitable for use as a drug delivery system, as well as a preparation method thereof and a drug delivery system comprising the same.