Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for topography simulation of a physical structure under a topography-changing process. The method includes initializing a voxel mesh as a three-dimensional (3D) representation of a physical structure by a general-purpose processor, generating a plurality of particles, simulating a flight path of at least one of the particles by a hardware-accelerated processor different from the general-purpose processor, identifying a voxel unit in the voxel mesh that intersects the flight path by the hardware-accelerated processor, passing information describing a collision between the one of the particles and the voxel unit from the hardware-accelerated processor to the general-purpose processor, determining a reaction between the one of the particles and the voxel unit by the general-purpose processor, and adding an extra voxel unit adjacent to the voxel unit based on the determining of the reaction.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a substrate and a semiconductor channel layer over the substrate. The semiconductor structure includes a high-k gate dielectric layer over the semiconductor channel layer, a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer, and a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer. The work function metal layer includes a first portion and a second portion over the first portion. Both the first portion and the second portion are conductive. Materials included in the second portion are also included in the first portion. The first portion is doped with silicon at a first dopant concentration, and the second portion is not doped with silicon or is doped with silicon at a second dopant concentration lower than the first dopant concentration.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory device includes a multi-layer stack, a ferroelectric layer, and channel layers. The multi-layer stack is disposed on a substrate and includes conductive layers and dielectric layers stacked alternately. The ferroelectric layer has a curvy profile and is disposed along sidewalls of the conducive layers and sidewalls of the dielectric layers. The channel layers are separated from each other and disposed on the ferroelectric layer, and correspond to the conductive layers respectively.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a substrate, nanostructures, source/drain features, a gate structure, and inner spacers. The nanostructures are over the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a Z-direction. The source/drain features are electrically connected to and on opposite sides of the nanostructures in an X-direction. The gate structure extends in a Y-direction and wraps around the nanostructures. The inner spacers are between the nanostructures in the Z-direction. Each of the inner spacers includes a soft core layer and a hard liner layer wrapping around the soft core layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first conductive structure extending along a vertical direction and a second conductive structure extending along the vertical direction. The second conductive structure is spaced apart from the first conductive structure along a first lateral direction. The semiconductor device includes third conductive structures each extending along the first lateral direction. The third conductive structures are disposed across the first and second conductive structures. The semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor channel extending along the vertical direction. The first semiconductor channel is disposed between the third conductive structures and the first conductive structure, and between the third conductive structures and the second conductive structure. The first and second conductive structures each have a first varying width along the first lateral direction, and the first semiconductor channel has a second varying width along a second lateral direction.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure includes a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes first suspended nanostructures vertically stacked over one another and disposed on a substrate, a first gate stack engaging the first suspended nanostructures, a first gate spacer disposed on sidewalls of the first gate stack, second suspended nanostructures vertically stacked over one another and disposed on the substrate, a second gate stack engaging the second suspended nanostructures, and a second gate spacer disposed on sidewalls of the second gate stack. A middle portion of the first suspended nanostructures has a first thickness measured in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. A middle portion of the second suspended nanostructures has a second thickness measured in the direction. The second thickness is smaller than the first thickness.

Abstract: A method includes forming a plurality of first semiconductor layers and a plurality of second semiconductor layers in an alternate manner over a substrate; patterning the first and second semiconductor layers and the substrate to form a fin structure, in which the fin structure includes a base portion protruding from the substrate and remaining portions of the first and second semiconductor layers; etching the fin structure to form a first recess extending through the remaining portions of the first and second semiconductor layers and into the base portion; epitaxially growing a first epitaxy layer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a second epitaxy layer over the first epitaxy layer; oxidizing the first epitaxy layer, wherein the second epitaxy layer remains unoxidized after the first epitaxy layer is oxidized; and after oxidizing the first epitaxy layer, forming a source/drain epitaxy structure on the second epitaxy layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory structure includes a substrate, a doped region in the substrate, a stack over the substrate, a column disposed over the substrate and penetrating the stack, a ferroelectric layer, and semiconductor layer between the ferroelectric layer and the column. The stack includes a plurality of conductive layers and a plurality of insulating layer alternately stacked. The column includes an isolation structure, a source structure and a drain structure. The semiconductor layer is separated from the substrate by the ferroelectric layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes channel members vertically stacked above a substrate, a gate structure engaging the channel members, a gate sidewall spacer disposed on a sidewall of the gate structure, an epitaxial feature abutting end portions of the channel members, and inner spacers interposing the gate structure and the epitaxial feature. The end portion of at least one of the channel members includes a first dopant. A concentration of the first dopant in the end portion of the at least one of the channel members is higher than in a center portion of the at least one of the channel members. The concentration of the first dopant in the end portion of the at least one of the channel members is higher than in an outer portion of the epitaxial feature.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure includes a semiconductor substrate having a first region and a second region; a first fin active region of a first semiconductor material disposed within the first region, oriented in a first direction, wherein the first fin active region has a <100> crystalline direction along the first direction; and a second fin active region of a second semiconductor material disposed within the second region and oriented in the first direction, wherein the second fin active region has a <110> crystalline direction along the first direction.

Abstract: Multi-gate devices and methods for fabricating such are disclosed herein. An exemplary device includes a channel layer, a first source/drain feature, a second source/drain feature, and a metal gate. The channel layer has a first horizontal segment, a second horizontal segment, and a vertical segment connects the first horizontal segment and the second horizontal segment. The first horizontal segment and the second horizontal segment extend along a first direction, and the vertical segment extends along a second direction. The vertical segment has a width along the first direction and a thickness along the second direction, and the thickness is greater than the width. The channel layer extends between the first source/drain feature and the second source/drain feature along a third direction. The metal gate wraps channel layer. In some embodiments, the first horizontal segment and the second horizontal segment are nanosheets.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure is provided. The semiconductor device structure includes a substrate. The semiconductor device structure includes a first nanostructure over the substrate. The first nanostructure has a (001) surface, the first nanostructure has a first channel direction on the (001) surface, and the first channel direction is [0 1 0] or [0 ?1 0]. The semiconductor device structure includes a gate stack surrounding the first nanostructure. The semiconductor device structure includes a first source/drain structure and a second source/drain structure over the substrate and over opposite sides of the gate stack. The first nanostructure is between the first source/drain structure and the second source/drain structure, and the first channel direction is from the first source/drain structure to the second source/drain structure.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate has a top surface and includes a semiconductor element. Moreover, the semiconductor substrate has a fin structure formed thereon. The method also includes recessing the fin structure to form source/drain trenches, forming a first dielectric layer over the recessed fin structure in the source/drain trenches, implanting a dopant element into a portion of the fin structure beneath a bottom surface of the source/drain trenches to form an amorphous semiconductor layer, forming a second dielectric layer over the recessed fin structure in the source/drain trenches, annealing the semiconductor substrate, and removing the first and second dielectric layers. After the annealing and the removing steps, the method further includes further recessing the recessed fin structure to provide a top surface. Additionally, the method includes forming an epitaxial layer from and on the top surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a stack of alternating insulating layers and first conductive layers disposed over a substrate; a plurality of memory cell strings penetrating the stack over the substrate, each memory cell string comprising a central portion extending through the stack, a semiconductor layer surrounding the central portion, and a ferroelectric layer surrounding the semiconductor layer, and the central portion comprising a channel isolation structure and a second conductive layer and a third conductive layer at two sides of the channel isolation structure; and a plurality of cell isolation structures penetrating the conductive layers and the insulating layers over the substrate and disposed between two memory cell strings, each cell isolation structure comprising a top portion and a bottom portion adjoined to the top portion and different from the top portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device that includes channel layers vertically stacked over a substrate, a gate structure engaging the channel layers, a source/drain (S/D) formation assistance region partially embedded in the substrate and under a bottommost one of the channel layers, and an S/D epitaxial feature interfacing both the S/D formation assistance region and lateral ends of the channel layers. The S/D formation assistance region includes a semiconductor seed layer embedded in an isolation layer. The isolation layer separates the semiconductor seed layer from physically contacting the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a first conductive structure extending along a vertical direction and a second conductive structure extending along the vertical direction. The second conductive structure is spaced apart from the first conductive structure along a lateral direction. The semiconductor device further comprises a plurality of third conductive structures each extending along the lateral direction. The plurality of third conductive structures are disposed across the first and second conductive structures. The first and second conductive structures each have a varying width along the lateral direction. The plurality of third conductive structures are configured to be applied with respective different voltages in accordance with the varying width of the first and second conductive structures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diaryl compound as a tubulin/Src dual target inhibitor. The present invention also provides a diaryl compound represented by formula I, a tautomer, a stereoisomer, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof. The diaryl compound can be used as a dual target inhibitor against tubulin and Src kinase and can also be used as a mono-target inhibitor against tubulin or Src kinase. The compound of the present invention can significantly inhibit the polymerization of tubulin monomers and cell proliferation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for topography simulation of a physical structure under a topography-changing process. The method includes initializing a voxel mesh as a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the physical structure, generating a batch of particles, simulating a flight path of at least one of the particles with a ray-tracing method, identifying a voxel unit in the voxel mesh that intersects the flight path, determining a surface reaction between the one of the particles and the voxel unit, and adding an extra voxel unit adjacent to the voxel unit based on the determining of the surface reaction.