FAILURE TEST METHOD FOR SPLIT GATE FLASH MEMORY
A failure test method of word line-bit line short circuit in a split gate flash memory is provided. A well leakage-current test is performed to identify a sector with a failed memory cell. After being programmed, memory cells in the sector undergo a first read operation to generate a first bit map of the sector. After being erased, these memory cells in the sector undergo a second read operation to generate a second bit map of the sector. The first bit map and the second bit map are overlaid to identify the actual address of the failed memory cell.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a test method for a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a failure test method for a split gate flash memory.
2. Description of the Related Art
Flash memories can program, read and erase data for multiple times, and data stored therein can be maintained even if the power applied thereto is off. Therefore, flash memories have become the major non-volatile memory widely used in personal computers and electronic equipment.
A typical flash memory comprises a floating gate and a control gate. The floating gate and the control gate are separated by a dielectric layer. The floating gate and the substrate are separated by a tunnel oxide layer. During data erasing in the flash memory, since the amount of electrons ejected from the floating gate is difficult to control, the floating gate would over-eject the electrons with positive charges, called over-erasing. If the over-erasing is so serious that the channel under the floating gate is turned on when power is not applied on the control gate, the data stored in the memory will be erroneously judged. In order to solve the over-erasing issue, split gate flash memories are introduced, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,584,018 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,355,524.
A disadvantage of this split gate flash memory cell is its vulnerability to defects, such as particles. Especially, defects or particles between the contact 120 and the select gate 112, i.e. the word line, would lead to a short circuit in the word line-bit line, bringing the whole sector to a breakdown. The short circuit in the word line-bit line is a main killer, which crashes the programming/erasing function of the memory. One single defect or particle may render the whole chip irreparable.
Generally, in the failure analysis of flash memories, DC analyzing equipment is used to locate defects. By detecting hot spots or light spots, defect locations can be identified. However, this method can only locate the defects, but cannot precisely identify the address of the word line-bit line short circuit, i.e. the main killer. Moreover, the conventional method requires a complicated analyzing process, and cannot easily, efficiently locate the defects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAccordingly, the present invention is directed to a failure test method for a split gate flash memory for easily and efficiently locating failure spots by using present electrical analyzing equipment.
The present invention provides a failure test method for a split gate flash memory, adapted for locating a short circuit in a word line-bit line. The method comprises performing a well leakage-current test to identify a sector with a failed memory cell. A programming operation is performed for plural memory cells in this sector. A first read operation is performed on these memory cells to obtain a first bit map of the sector. An erasing operation is then performed on these memory cells in the sector. A second read operation is performed on these memory cells to obtain a second bit map of the sector. Then an overlaying step is performed to stack the first bit map and the second bit map to locate the failed cell in the sector.
According to the failure test method for a split gate flash memory in an embodiment of the present invention, the steps of the p-well leakage-current test, the programming test, the first read and the second read operations, the erasing operation, and the overlaying step can be performed in the same equipment.
According to the failure test method for a split gate flash memory in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of the p-well leakage-current test comprises: applying a first voltage to a p-well of the split gate flash memory, and applying a second voltage to word lines so that a current value detected from the sector with the failed cell is larger than that detected from a normal sector. Wherein, the first voltage is 8V, the second voltage is 2V, and the current detected from the normal sector is lower than 20 μA.
According to the failure test method for a split gate flash memory in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of programming the memory cells described above comprises, for each of the memory cells in the sector, applying a third voltage to word lines, applying a fourth voltage to control gates, and applying a fifth voltage to source regions to program the memory cells. Wherein, the third voltage is 2V, the fourth voltage is 10V, and the fifth voltage is 6V.
According to the failure test method for a split gate flash memory in an embodiment of the present invention, the first bit map shows a failed bit-line location in the sector. In the first bit map, the failed memory cell is identified as 0, and other memory cells which share a same bit line with the failed memory cell are identified as 1.
According to the failure test method for a split gate flash memory in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing the erasing operation on the memory cells in the sector described above comprises, for each of the memory cells in the sector, applying a sixth voltage to word lines, applying a seventh voltage to control gates, applying an eighth voltage to a p-well, and floating the source regions to erase the memory cells. Wherein, the sixth voltage is 2V, the seventh voltage is −10V, and the eighth voltage is 8V.
According to the failure test method for a split gate flash memory in an embodiment of the present invention, the second bit map shows a failed word-line location in the sector. In the second bit map, the failed memory cell is identified as 0, and other memory cells which share a same word line with the failed memory cell are identified as 0 or 1.
The present invention uses the electrically analyzing method. After identifying the sector with the failed memory cell, all memory cells in the sector are programmed and read to generate a bit map. The bit map shows the location of failed bit-line. Then, all memory cells in the sector are erased and read to generate another bit map. The bit map shows the failed word-line location. By overlaying these bit maps, the location of the word line-bit line short circuit can be identified. Since all of these steps described above are performed in the same equipment, the time for analyzing the memory can be reduced. In addition, the equipment can be a general electricity analyzing equipment, but not necessarily the DC analyzing equipment, such as EMMI, LC, or OBIRCH. Thus, the complicated analyzing process can be avoided. Moreover, the present invention uses current-analyzing measurements and functional measurements to identify locations of defects, and is, therefore, different from the conventional location-analyzing method.
The above and other features of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention that is provided in communication with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to
Then, all memory cells in the sector with the failed memory cell are programmed. All memory cells in the sector are also read to generate a bit map in the step 202. Assuming that, before the memory cells are programmed, floating gates of these memory cells do not contain electrons, and these memory cells are identified as 1. After the memory cells are programmed, floating gates of these memory cells have electrons. These memory cells are identified as 0. By programming all memory cells in the sector, these memory cells should be identified as 0. These memory cells are then read to identify whether these memory cells are 1 or 0. When identified as 1, the memory cell is abnormal. Accordingly, in the bit map, the memory cell identified as 1 will be marked. In this step, since other normal cells sharing the same bit line with the failed memory cell are identified as 1 during the read operation, the bit map is able to show the failed bit-line location. The following is the description of identifying the failed word-line location in another bit map.
After all memory cells in the sector with the failed memory cell are erased, all the memory cells are read to generate another bit map in step 204. After the memory cells are erased, the floating gates of these memory cells do not have electrons, and these memory cells are identified as 1. By erasing all memory cells in the sector, all memory cells should be identified as 1. These memory cells in the sector are read to identify whether these memory cells are 0 or 1. When identified as 0, the memory cell is abnormal. In the bit map, the memory cell identified as 0 will be marked. In addition, since other normal memory cells sharing the same word line with the failed memory cell are identified as 0 or 1 during the read operation, the bit map shows the location of the failed word-line. During the erasing operation, if the erasing time is increased, the failed word-line location can be more accurate. The following is the description with respect to the bit map showing the word line-bit line short circuit.
These two bit maps are then overlaid to identify the location of the failed memory cell in the step 206. After acquiring the bit map with the failed bit-line location and the bit map with the failed word-line location in the sector with the failed memory cell, these two bit maps are overlaid and the address of the failed memory cell can be thus identified.
In
During the read operation for these memory cells, current values detected from these memory cells are used to identify the states, 0 or 1, of these memory cells. If a floating gate of a memory cell does not have electrons, the current measured is higher and the memory cell is identified as 1. If a floating gate of a memory cell has electrons, the current measured is lower and the memory cell is identified as 0.
The following is the description with respect to an operational mechanism for obtaining the bit map with the bit-line failure as described in the step 202.
Referring to
Referring to
For memory cells Q21 and Q24, which share the same bit line BL2 with the Q23, electrons can be injected into the floating gates of these memory cells during programming such that the programming of these memory cells are completed, and Q21 and Q24 are identified as 0.
Referring to
Referring to
For memory cells Q11-Q14, Q31, Q34, and Q41-Q44, which do not share bit line BL 2 with the memory Q23, electrons can be ejected into the floating gates of corresponding memory cells during programming. Accordingly, the programming of the memory cells Q11-Q14, Q31, Q34, and Q41-Q44 are completed, and these memory cells are identified as 0.
Referring to
Referring to
For memory cells Q21 and Q24, which share the same bit line BL2 with Q23, during the read operation, some electrons also flow from the word line WL3 to the bit line BL2. Hence, the read current becomes higher and the memory cells Q21 and Q24 are falsely identified as 1.
Referring to
Referring to
For memory cells Q11-Q14, Q31, Q34, and Q41-Q44, which do not share bit line BL2 with the memory Q23, though the word line WL3 and the bit line BL2 are connected due to a short circuit, these memory cells are not affected, and the read currents become lower. Accordingly, the memory cells Q11-Q14, Q31, Q34, and Q41-Q44 are identified as 0.
Consequently, in the bit map generated by the equipment, except for the failed memory cell Q23 being identified as 0, other memory cells Q21, Q22, and Q23, which share the same bit line BL2 with the memory cell Q23, are identified as 1 as shown in
The following is the description with respect to an operational mechanism for obtaining the bit map with the word-line failure as described in the step 204.
Referring to
However, other memory cells Q11-Q41, Q12-Q42, Q13, Q33-Q43, and Q14-Q44 can be normally erased. For example, when erasing the memory cell Q22, 2V is applied to the word line WL2, −10V is applied to the control gate CG2, the source region S1 and the drain region D, i.e. bit line BL2, are floating, and 8V is applied to the substrate, P-well. Under such operational voltages, the voltage drop between the control gate CG2 of the memory cell Q22 and the substrate, P-well, is sufficient to drive the electrons contained in the floating gate of the memory cell Q22 passing through the tunnel oxide layer and into the substrate to be erased. Accordingly, the memory cell Q22 is erased.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Similarly, for these memory cells Q13, Q33 and Q43, which share the same word line WL3 with the memory cell Q23, since the word line WL3 and the bit line BL2 are connected due to a short circuit, the voltage (0V) applied to the bit line BL2 also reduces the voltage of the word line WL3, thus the memory cells Q13, Q33 and Q43 cannot be correctly identified.
Referring to
For memory cells Q11-Q41, Q12-Q42, and Q14-Q44, though the word line WL3 and the bit line BL2 are connected due to a short circuit, the memory cells Q11-Q41, Q12-Q42, and Q14-Q44 are not affected, and the read currents become higher. Accordingly, the memory cells Q11-Q41, Q12-Q42, and Q14-Q44 are identified as 1.
The bit map generated by the equipment is shown in
The bit map shown in
The present invention uses the electrically analyzing method. After identifying the sector with the failed memory cell, all memory cells in the sector are programmed and read to generate a bit map. The bit map shows the failed bit-line address. Then, all memory cells in the sector are erased and read to generate another bit map. The bit map shows the failed word-line address. By overlaying these bit maps, the address of the word line-bit line short circuit can be identified. Since all of these steps described above are performed in the same equipment, the time for analyzing the memory can be reduced. In addition, the equipment can be general electrically analyzing equipment, and not necessarily the DC analyzing equipment, such as EMMI, LC, or OBIRCH. Thus, the complicated analyzing process can be avoided. Moreover, the present invention uses current-analyzing measurement and functional measurement to identify locations of defects, and is, therefore, different from the conventional location-analyzing method.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of exemplary embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Rather, the appended claims should be constructed broadly to include other variants and embodiments of the invention which may be made by those skilled in the field of this art without departing from the scope and range of equivalents of the invention.
Claims
1. A failure test method for a split gate flash memory, adapted for identifying a word line-bit line short circuit failure, the method comprising:
- performing a well leakage-current test to identify a sector with a failed memory cell;
- performing a programming operation on plural memory cells in the sector;
- performing a first read operation on the memory cells to obtain a first bit map of the sector;
- performing an erasing operation on the memory cells in the sector;
- performing a second read operation on the memory cells to obtain a second bit map of the sector; and
- overlaying the first bit map and the second bit map to identify a location of the failed cell in the sector.
2. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 1, wherein the steps of the well leakage-current test, the programming, the first read and the second read operations, the erasing operation, and the overlaying are performed in a same equipment.
3. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 1, wherein the step of the p-well leakage-current test comprises:
- applying a first voltage to a well of the split gate flash memory, and applying a second voltage to word lines so that a current value detected from the sector with the failed cell is higher than a current detected from a normal sector.
4. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 3, wherein the first voltage is 8V, the second voltage is 2V, and the current detected from the normal sector is lower than 20 μA.
5. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 1, wherein the step of programming the memory cells comprises:
- for each of the memory cells in the sector, applying a third voltage to word lines, applying a fourth voltage to control gates, and applying a fifth voltage to source regions to program the memory cells.
6. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 5, wherein the third voltage is 2V, the fourth voltage is 10V, and the fifth voltage is 6V.
7. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 1, wherein the first bit map shows a failed bit-line address in the sector.
8. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 7, wherein in the first bit map, the failed memory cell is identified as 0, and other memory cells which share a same bit line with the failed memory cell are identified as 1.
9. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the erasing operation for the memory cells in the sector comprises:
- for each of the memory cells in the sector, applying a sixth voltage to word lines, applying a seventh voltage to control gates, applying an eighth voltage to a well, and floating source regions to erase the memory cells.
10. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 9, wherein the sixth voltage is 2V, the seventh voltage is −10V, and the eighth voltage is 8V.
11. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 1, wherein the second bit map shows a failed word-line address in the sector.
12. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 11, wherein in the second bit map, the failed memory cell is identified as 0, and other memory cells which share a same word line with the failed memory cell are identified as 0 or 1.
13. A failure test method for a split gate flash memory, adapted for identifying a word line-bit line short circuit failure, the method comprising:
- performing a well leakage-current test to identify a sector with a failed memory cell;
- performing a programming operation on plural memory cells in the sector;
- performing a first read operation on the memory cells to obtain a first bit map of the sector, wherein the first bit map shows a failed bit-line address in the sector;
- performing an erasing operation on the memory cells in the sector;
- performing a second read operation on the memory cells to obtain a second bit map of the sector, wherein the second bit map shows a failed word-line address of the sector; and
- performing an overlaying step to stack the first bit map and the second bit map to identify an address of the failed memory cell in the sector, wherein the steps of the well leakage-current test, the programming, the first read and the second read operations, the erasing operation, and the overlaying step are performed in a same equipment.
14. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 13, wherein the step of the p-well leakage-current test comprises:
- applying a first voltage to a well of the split gate flash memory, and applying a second voltage to word lines so that a current value detected from the sector with the failed cell is higher than that detected from a normal sector.
15. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 14, wherein the first voltage is 8V, the second voltage is 2V, and the current detected from the normal sector is lower than 20 μA.
16. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 13, wherein the step of programming the memory cells comprises:
- for each of the memory cells in the sector, applying a third voltage to word lines, applying a fourth voltage to control gates, and applying a fifth voltage to source regions to program the memory cells.
17. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 16, wherein the third voltage is 2V, the fourth voltage is 10V, and the fifth voltage is 6V.
18. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 13, wherein the step of performing the erasing operation on the memory cells in the sector comprises:
- for each of the memory cells in the sector, applying a sixth voltage to word lines, applying a seventh voltage to control gates, applying an eighth voltage to a well, and floating source regions to erase the memory cells.
19. The failure test method for a split gate flash memory of claim 18 wherein the sixth voltage is 2V, the seventh voltage is −10V, and the eighth voltage is 8V.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 4, 2004
Publication Date: May 11, 2006
Inventors: Chih-Hung Cho (Hsinchu County), Ming-Shiahn Tsai (Tainan City), Shih-Tse Hsu (Miaoli County), Lih-Wei Lin (Chiayi County)
Application Number: 10/904,342
International Classification: G11C 29/00 (20060101);