Method and system for electronically inputting, monitoring and trading spreads
A method and system for providing dynamic display of electronic trading information for trading spreads. The method and system allow pre-determined and trader defined spreads to be input and one or more trades for the spreads to be automatically executed on one or more trading exchanges. The method and system also allows monitoring of the spreads from one or more graphical windows on a graphical user interface.
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This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/686,079, filed May 31, 2005, the contents of which as incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to providing electronic trading over a computer network. More specifically, it relates to a method and system for electronically input, monitoring and trading spreads.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe trading of stocks, bonds and other financial instruments over computer networks such as the Internet has become a very common activity. In many countries of the world, such stocks, bonds and other financial instruments are traded exclusively over computer networks, completely replacing prior trading systems such as “open outcry” trading in trading pits.
Trading of stocks, bonds, etc. typically requires multiple types of associated electronic information. For example, to trade stocks electronically an electronic trader typically would like to know an asking price for a stock, a current bid price for a stock, a bid quantity, an asking quantity, current information about the company the trader is trading such as profit/loss information, a current corporate forecast, current corporate earnings, etc.
The multiple types of associated electronic information have to be supplied in real-time to allow the electronic trader to make the appropriate decisions. Such electronic information is typically displayed in multiple windows on a display screen.
For an electronic trader to be successful, the trader typically develops trading strategies. For example a trading strategy may include executing a trade based on a desired ratio between two trading instruments. As another example, a trading strategy may include executing a trade based on a basis level for a trading instrument. A trading strategy may include executing a spread between two or more trading instruments.
There are several problems with using manual trading strategies on electronic trading systems. One problem is that a trader will typically create his/her own trading strategies using disjunct or proprietary tools. For example, a trade may implement his/her own trading strategy in a spreadsheet and manually enter and update current market values of trading instruments. The trader then must take additional actions to implement his/her trading strategy based on data form the spreadsheet.
Another problem is that some electronic trading systems allow traders to enter certain data to provide automatic notification of events that are related to a trader's trading strategy (e.g., a certain buy price, a sell price, a ratio, etc.). However, then a trader must still take manual actions to execute an electronic trade such as clicking a mouse, making a keyboard input, etc.).
Another problem is that many traders execute trades across many different markets and several different electronic exchanges. Such trading typically leads a trader to manual methods to execute a desired trading strategy.
Another problem is that many traders desire to execute trades for “synthetic contracts” or contracts that don't really exist on any trading exchange. For example, a synthetic contract may include automatically selling a call and buying a put. Such a synthetic contract does not exist on any trading exchange but is desirable to a selected group of traders.
There have been attempts to solve some of the problems with GUIs used for electronic trading. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,993,504 entitled “User interface for semi-fungible trading,” that issued to Frisen et al. teaches “A user interface and method are disclosed for providing trading between a plurality of semi-fungible and non-fungible goods. A plurality of book axes are displayed in a single interface, each book axis representing a market for a particular good. Orders for goods are displayed as marks on the axes to display the relative value of the orders. A value axis is provided that relates the value of the goods from each market to each other. Thus, a single interface provides the means to relate the values of different semi-fungible goods. The value axis may be displayed in units of price, or a custom value designated by a user or pre-defined by the interface. Quantity information is represented in the interface through the display of a dimension of an order icon. Precise information about each order is displayed either in a panel view or a pop-up window.”
U.S. Pat. No. 6,938,011 entitled “Click based trading with market depth display,” that issued to Kemp et al. teaches “A method and system for reducing the time it takes for a trader to place a trade when electronically trading commodities on an exchange, thus increasing the likelihood that the trader will have orders filled at desirable prices and quantities. Click based trading, as described herein and specifically the “Click” and “Dime” methods of the present invention, enables a trader to execute single mouse click trades for large volumes of commodities at a price within a pre-specified range.”
U.S. Pat. No. 6,772,132 entitled “Click based trading with intuitive grid display of market depth,” that issued to Kemp et al. teaches “A method and system for reducing the time it takes for a trader to place a trade when electronically trading on an exchange, thus increasing the likelihood that the trader will have orders filled at desirable prices and quantities. The “Mercury” display and trading method of the present invention ensure fast and accurate execution of trades by displaying market depth on a vertical or horizontal plane, which fluctuates logically up or down, left or right across the plane as the market prices fluctuates. This allows the trader to trade quickly and efficiently.”
U.S. Pat. No. 6,766,304 entitled “Click based trading with intuitive grid display of market depth,” that issued to Kemp et al. teaches “A method and system for reducing the time it takes for a trader to place a trade when electronically trading on an exchange, thus increasing the likelihood that the trader will have orders filled at desirable prices and quantities. The “Mercury” display and trading method of the present invention ensure fast and accurate execution of trades by displaying market depth on a vertical or horizontal plane, which fluctuates logically up or down, left or right across the plane as the market prices fluctuates. This allows the trader to trade quickly and efficiently.”
U.S. Pat. No. 6,408,282 entitled “System and method for conducting securities transactions over a computer network,” that issued to Buist teaches “The system and method of the preferred embodiment supports trading of securities over the Internet both on national exchanges and outside the national exchanges. The preferred embodiment supports an improved human interface and a continuous display of real-time stock quotes on the user's computer screen. The ergonomic graphical user interface (GUI) of the preferred embodiment includes several functional benefits in comparison with existing on-line consumer trading systems. In the preferred embodiment, the users are subscribers to a securities trading service offered over the Internet. Preferably, each subscriber to this service is simultaneously connected from his own computer to a first system which provides user-to-user trading capabilities and to a second system which is a broker/dealer system of his/her choice. The system providing the user-to-user trading services preferably includes a root server and a hierarchical network of replicated servers supporting replicated databases. The user-to-user system provides real-time continuously updated stock information and facilitates user-to-user trades that have been approved by the broker/dealer systems with which it interacts. Users of the preferred system can trade securities with other users of the system. As part of this user-to-user trading, a user can accept a buy or sell offer at the terms offered or he can initiate a counteroffer and negotiate a trade.”
U.S. Pat. No. 5,297,031 entitled “Method and apparatus for order management by market brokers,” that issued to Gutterman et al. teaches “There is provided a broker workstation for managing orders in a market for trading commodities, securities, securities options, futures contracts and futures options and other items including: a device for selectively displaying order information; a computer for receiving the orders and for controlling the displaying device; and a device for entering the orders into the computer; wherein the displaying device comprises a device for displaying selected order information about each incoming order, a device for displaying a representation of an order deck and a device for displaying a total of market orders. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided in a workstation having a computer, a device for entering order information into the computer and a device for displaying the order information entered, a method for managing orders in a market for trading commodities, securities, securities options, futures contracts and futures options and the like comprising the steps of: selectively displaying order information incoming to the workstation; accepting or rejecting orders corresponding to the incoming order information displayed; displaying accepted order information in a representation of a broker deck; and selectively displaying a total of orders at the market price.”
Thus, it is desirable to solve some of the problems associated with implementing trading strategies using electronic trading systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention, some of the problems associated with non-proprietary GUIs that provide electronic information for electronic trading systems. A method and system for electronically input, monitoring and trading spreads.
The method and system allow pre-determined and trader defined spreads to be input and one or more trades for the spreads to be automatically executed on one or more trading exchanges. The method and system also allows monitoring of the spreads from one or more graphical windows on a graphical user interface.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of preferred embodiments of the present invention is more readily apparent from the following detailed description. The detailed description proceeds with references to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSPreferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, wherein:
Exemplary Electronic Trading System
The target devices 12, 14, 16 are in communications with a communications network 18. The communications includes, but is not limited to, communications over a wire connected to the target network devices, wireless communications, and other types of communications using one or more communications and/or networking protocols.
Plural server devices 20, 22, 24 (only three of which are illustrated) include one or more associated databases 20′, 22′, 24′. The plural network devices 20, 22, 24 are in communications with the one or more target devices 12, 14, 16 via the communications network 18. The plural server devices 20, 22, 24, include, but are not limited to, World Wide Web servers, Internet servers, file servers, other types of electronic information servers, and other types of server network devices (e.g., edge servers, firewalls, routers, gateways, etc.).
The plural server devices 20, 22, 24 include, but are not limited to, servers used for electronic trading exchanges, servers for electronic trading brokers, servers for electronic trading information providers, etc.
The one or more target devices 12, 14, 16 may be replaced with other types of devices including, but not limited to, client terminals in communications with one or more servers, or with personal digital/data assistants (PDA), laptop computers, mobile computers, Internet appliances, two-way pagers, mobile phones, or other similar desktop, mobile or hand-held electronic devices. Other or equivalent devices can also be used to practice the invention.
The communications network 18 includes, but is not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a wired Local Area Network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WiLAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and other types of communications networks 18.
The communications network 18 may include one or more gateways, routers, bridges, switches. As is known in the art, a gateway connects computer networks using different network protocols and/or operating at different transmission capacities. A router receives transmitted messages and forwards them to their correct destinations over the most efficient available route. A bridge is a device that connects networks using the same communications protocols so that information can be passed from one network device to another. A switch is a device that filters and forwards packets between network segments. Switches typically operate at the data link layer and sometimes the network layer therefore support virtually any packet protocol.
The communications network 18 may include one or more servers and one or more web-sites accessible by users to send and receive information useable by the one or more computers 12. The one or more servers, may also include one or more associated databases for storing electronic information.
The communications network 18 includes, but is not limited to, data networks using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Protocol (IP) and other data protocols.
As is know in the art, TCP provides a connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable protocol designed to fit into a layered hierarchy of protocols which support multi-network applications. TCP provides for reliable inter-process communication between pairs of processes in network devices attached to distinct but interconnected networks. For more information on TCP see Internet Engineering Task Force (ITEF) Request For Comments (RFC)-793, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
As is known in the art, UDP provides a connectionless mode of communications with datagrams in an interconnected set of computer networks. UDP provides a transaction oriented datagram protocol, where delivery and duplicate packet protection are not guaranteed. For more information on UDP see IETF RFC-768, the contents of which incorporated herein by reference.
As is known in the art, IP is an addressing protocol designed to route traffic within a network or between networks. IP is described in IETF Request For Comments (RFC)-791, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. However, more fewer or other protocols can also be used on the communications network 18 and the present invention is not limited to TCP/UDP/IP.
Exemplary Electronic Trading Display System
In one embodiment of the invention, the application 30 is a software application. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the application 30 can firmware, hardware or a combination thereof.
An operating environment for the devices of the electronic trading system 10 and electronic trading display system 26 include a processing system with one or more high speed Central Processing Unit(s) (“CPU”), processors and one or more memories. In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, the present invention is described below with reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations or instructions that are performed by the processing system, unless indicated otherwise. Such acts and operations or instructions are referred to as being “computer-executed,” “CPU-executed,” or “processor-executed.”
It is appreciated that acts and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU or processor. An electrical system represents data bits which cause a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signals, and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in a memory system to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the CPU's or processor's operation, as well as other processing of signals. The memory locations where data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to the data bits.
The data bits may also be maintained on a computer readable medium including magnetic disks, optical disks, organic memory, and any other volatile (e.g., Random Access Memory (“RAM”)) or non-volatile (e.g., Read-Only Memory (“ROM”), flash memory, etc.) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer readable medium includes cooperating or interconnected computer readable medium, which exist exclusively on the processing system or can be distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote to the processing system.
Exemplary Method for Processing Electronic Information for Electronic Trading
In one embodiment the one or more sets of electronic trading strategy includes a pre-determined trading strategy created by a trader, if-then trading strategies, one-cancels-other (OCO) trading strategies and electronic trading strategies for synthetic instruments or synthetic contracts, or execution of strategies based on previously executed orders.
As is known in the art, the predetermined strategy trading strategy is a pre-determined trading strategy developed by a trader to apply to a desired market (e.g., cash, futures, stocks, bonds, options, spreads etc.)
As is known in the art, a “synthetic” instrument or contract includes an instrument or contract that does not really exist on any electronic trading exchange. A synthetic can be made up of one, or several contracts that trade on an exchange or multiple exchanges. For example, a synthetic contract may include automatically selling a call and buying a put. Such a synthetic contract does not exist on any trading exchange but is desirable to a selected group of traders.
As is known in the art, an API is set of routines used by an application program to direct the performance of actions by a target device. In the present invention, the application 30 is interfaced to one or more API.
In another embodiment, the application 30 is directly interfaced to a fixed or dynamic connection to one or more electronic trading exchanges without using an API.
In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the application 30 interfaces with a Client API provided by Professional Automated Trading Systems (PATS) of London, England, or Trading Technologies, Inc. (TT) of Chicago, Ill. GL Multi-media of Paris, France and others. These APIs are intermediate APIs between the Application and other APIs provided by electronic trading exchanges. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other APIs and other fixed or dynamic connections can also be used to practice the invention.
The application 30 presents a user a multi-windowed GUI 32 that implements the functionality exposed through API provided by electronic trading exchanges. The application 30 allows the user to subscribe to and receive real-time market data. Additionally, the application 30 allows the user to enter futures orders, cash orders, and other types of financial products orders to all supported exchanges and receive real-time order status updates. The application 30 supports at least two methods of order entry; Order Ticket and Aggregated Book View (ABV).
The application 30 provides flexibility to the user to configure the display of electronic information on the GUI 32. The application 30 and the GUI are now described in further detail.
Desktop Layout Management
The application 30 provides the ability to manage Desktop Layouts. A Desktop Layout is a state of a GUI 32 as it appears to a user. This includes, but is not limited to, number of windows, types of windows, and the individual window settings. A user is able maintain a list of available Desktop Layouts. Each Desktop Layout has a unique name within the application 30. The user is able to create a new Desktop Layout and save it, giving it a unique name. When the user saves a Desktop Layout, it is not saved in a minimized state but is instead saved in an expanded state. The user is able to rename, copy, and delete a Desktop Layout. The user is able to load a saved desktop layout, replacing the currently displayed configuration. The application 30 receives and loads desktop layout templates from the communications network 18 upon user login. The user is able to export and import desktop layouts in order to port them from target device to target device. Desktop Layouts are saved on a user by user basis (e.g., by username). If two users access the application 30 from the same target device 12, each user sees their own list of layouts upon login.
The application 30 is launched from target device 12, 14, 16 or via the network 18 (e.g., the Internet, an intranet, etc.) The application 30 is installed on a target device 12, 14, 16 or the communications network 18. Upon startup, the application 30 detects if a new version is available. If the application 30 detects that an upgrade is warranted, a window appears, asking the user if they would like to install the latest version now. In one embodiment, if the user chooses not to install the latest version upon startup, the current (older) version of the application 30 is launched. In another embodiment, another prompt is displayed when the user logs off. In the case of a critical update, the user is not able to choose to run the application 30 without installing the update.
The application 30 is pushed information that determines which servers the application 30 is to connect to. IP addresses or Domain Name Servers (DNS) names are pushed to the client when upon login.
In one embodiment, the application 30 can be used by up to about 5,000 simultaneous users. Scalability allows the application 30 to be used by up to about 20,000 simultaneous users. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other embodiments with other numbers of simultaneous users can also be used to practice the invention.
The application 30 indicates the status of a host connection 20, 22, 24 on the communications network 18. As a minimum, “Connecting,” “Connected” and “Not Connected” statuses are indicated. The application 30 indicates the status of an electronic trading exchange server connection 20, 22. As a minimum, “Connecting,” “Connected” and “Not Connected” statuses are indicated for the electronic trading exchange server connection.
If settings (e.g., accounts, contracts, etc.) change on a host system 20, 22, 24, the application 30 updates the settings. The user does not have to log back in to see the changes. The application 30 has the ability to detect if any changes to accounts or contracts have been made. The application 30 is able to detect when a system administrator has changed a network address (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address, etc.) of the primary transaction server for a client.
The application 30 can log off of one network address and log onto another. Data integrity is maintained when a network address change has been made. The application 30 notifies the user of any working orders or open positions before closing. The user has the opportunity to cancel the logout if they would like to cancel working orders or close the open positions. The application 30 performs the normal logoff cycle when closed by the user. The application 30 saves all data needed to return it to the state it was in when the application 30 was closed. The application 30 saves all data necessary to restore it to the current state in the case of a catastrophic application 30 failure. If the user does not choose to download the most recent version of the application 30 upon startup, a message appears upon logoff asking the user if they would like to install the upgrade before closing.
The application 30 gracefully log users out at end of day. The user receives a warning message, stating that the session is about to be closed. The user needs to log back in to reestablish the connection. The application 30 allows the user to combine the display of data of different types. Data types include, but are not limited to, Orders, Fills, Positions and Market Data. The application 30 supports the functionality exposed through the current version of a client API.
The application 30 supports data format differences between exchanges that are not normalized by the client API. The application 30 supports differences between exchange order handling semantics that are not normalized by the client API. The application 30 gracefully handles spreads. The application 30 support systems with multiple monitors. All exchange contracts supported by a platform are considered by the application 30. Online user documentation is available to the user. The application 30 runs on Windows 2000, Windows XP operating systems and other windowed operating systems (e.g., Linux, etc.). The application 30 architecture is flexible in order to allow additional functionality to be added when needed.
Standard Windows Grid
In a Standard Windows Grid, a user can select from a list of columns to display. The user is able to add or remove columns, but all columns may not be able to be removed and certain columns may need to be added in order to add other columns (if there are dependencies). Each window will have certain columns that appear in the grid by default. The grid has a column heading with a caption (column name).
The user can change an order of the displayed columns by dragging the column heading to a new position. The user can manually resize a column. The user can resize all columns to fit the screen. The user can resize all columns to fit their contents. The user can resize a selected column to fit the column's contents. This is accomplished by double clicking on the column heading's right border. The user can change the foreground and background colors of a column. The user can rename any grid column. The user can restore the default grid column names. The user can restore all default grid settings.
The user can change the font for all columns in the grid. This includes, but is not limited to font type, color and size. The user can change the font for an individual column. This includes, but is not limited to, font type, color and size. The user can sort the data in the grid by clicking on a column heading. The user can sort the data in ascending or descending order. The user can create multiple sort criteria. The user can create a filtered view of the information in a grid. The user can filter on multiple criteria for non-numeric columns. Filters can include more then one column. Multiple filters for numeric columns can be created (e.g., for an =, ≠, <, >, ≦ or ≧ operation, etc.). This functionality also allows the user to choose a range. The user can remove filters from a grid. Data in a grid will continue to be updated while a filter is applied.
Login Window
A Login window will be launched via the application 30 when the application 30 is first accessed by the user. A user will enter a user name and password in order to log into the application 30. A successful login will allow the user full access to multi-windowed GUI 32 functionality. A failed login displays a message to the user, indicating that either the user name or password were invalid, but not which one. If Caps Lock is on, the failed login message the application 30 indicates this fact. The failed login message reminds the user about case sensitivity. The user is able to change passwords. The user does not have to be logged into the communications network 18 to change passwords.
The application 30 updates a database with the new password. All characters entered into a password field will be visible to the user as asterisks. A single login allows the user access to all supported and enabled exchanges.
Application Manager Window
An Application Manager Window allows the user to access all of the functionality of the application 30. It is via these windows that other application windows are launched and managed. The GUI 32 windows are automatically launched once the user has successfully logged in. Only one Application Manager window is launched by the application 30.
The Application Manager Window, by default, is a member of every display layout on the GUI 32 and cannot be removed. The user is able to view a list of available Desktop Layouts and select one to work with.
The user can create a new Tools window, Settings window, Contact and Quotes Window, Orders and/or Fills window, Positions/Market Data window, Aggregated Book View window, Order Ticket window and Reports window from the Application Manager Window. The user can also open a saved window from the Application Manager Window.
The user can maintain Desktop Layouts from the Application Manager Window. The user can minimize all windows and restore all windows from the Application Manager Window.
Client Messaging Window
A Client Message Window allows the user to view system messages, trading exchange messages and alerts. This window is automatically launched once the user has successfully logged in. In one embodiment, only one Client Messaging window may be launched by the application 30. In another embodiment, more than one Client Message windows may be launched by the application 30. The Message display, by default, is a member of every display layout and cannot be removed. Users who are logged on must be able to receive system messages, communications from office personnel, electronic trading exchange messages and alerts from various electronic trading exchanges 20, 22. Alert receipts are displayed for the user. The window displays the entry and cancellation of orders (as messages). Alerts are given a priority, including, but not limited to, of “Critical,” “High,” “Medium” or “Low.”
Alerts of a high priority are presented in a more intrusive manner than lower priority alerts. Upon login, users receive alerts from the current day that were sent while they were logged off. The user is able to turn off the display of alerts and are able to turn off the display of messages.
Tools Window
Settings Window
The Settings window 48 displays network address (e.g., local and Internet IP addresses) of a target device 12, 14, 16. The Setting window 48 displays the Host and Price server IP addresses and ports that are being used by the application 30.
In one embodiment, the user loads settings from a settings file via the Settings window 48. The settings file contains information necessary to replicate the configuration of an application, including settings and desktop layouts. For audible alerts, each alert should have a different sound. The user can browse for sound files to assign to events. In another embodiment, settings are loaded from automatically from data structure within the application 30.
The user can turn on or off audible and/or visual alerts for the events listed below in Table 1. However, the present invention is not limited to these audible and/or visual alert events and more, fewer or other types of audible and/or visual alert events can be used to practice the invention.
The user can set the following defaults for an order ticket listed in Table 2. However, the present invention is not limited to these defaults and more, fewer or other types of defaults can be used to practice the invention.
Contracts and Quotes Window
Order and Fills Windows
The user is able to display any combination of order and fill information that they choose (although some information must be displayed in order for other information to be displayed) in Order and Fill windows respectively. The user is provided with an Orders template and a Fills template, which will each display different default data (and, therefore, provide different functionality based on user defined preferences set via the Settings window 48).
In one embodiment, the Order window 56 displays, but is not limited to, a controls identifier, a state identifier (e.g., rejected, working, filled, held) an account identifier (e.g., APIDEV5), an order number, an instrument identifier (e.g., CME\MINI S&P), a side designation identifier (e.g., buy or sell), a quantity, a price, a type identifier (e.g., limit, pre-defined stop price, market price) an average price. However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the Order window 56 to practice the invention.
In one embodiment, the Fills window 58 displays, but is not limited to, a control identifier, an order identifier, an instrument identifier, a side identifier, a fill quantity, a fill identifier and a fill price. However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the Fills window 58 to practice the invention.
A new or saved Order and Fill windows 56, 58 can be launched from the Application Manager window. When the user creates and submits an order to an electronic trading exchange 20, 22, an order with a quantity greater then the maximum order limit will be rejected by the application 30. The user can create a trailing stop order against a filled order. The user is also able to create a Profit/Loss bracket around a filled order.
The user can also create a “Parked” order. A Parked order is an order that is created by the user but not submitted to an electronic trading exchange 20, 22. Parked orders are saved by the application 30 and made available to the user between application 30 launches. The user can change a working order to a parked order and visa versa. Changing a working order to a parked order, the application 30 sends a cancel to the selected electronic trading exchange 20, 22. On receipt of the cancel acknowledgement, the application 30 will change the order state to indicate that the order is parked.
The user can also submit a Parked order to an electronic trading exchange 30. The user can submit all parked orders at once. The user can select certain parked orders to submit (at once). The user can change the electronic trading exchange and/or contract for a parked order. If the user changes the contract, the application 30 will verify that the entered price is valid for the new contract. If the entered price is invalid for the new contract, the application 30 will prompt the user to change the price. The user can change the account for a parked order.
The user can cancel a working order. In one embodiment, a working order can be canceled with a single mouse click. In another embodiment a working order can be canceled with two mouse click, one to cancel the order and one to confirm cancellation. The user can cancel all working orders in a selected account, cancel all working buy orders in the selected account, all working sell orders in the selected account.
The user can delete a parked order. The use can delete a parked order with a single mouse click. The user can delete all parked orders in a selected account. The user can delete all parked orders in all accounts.
The user can change the following order information (for a working order) illustrated in Table 3. However, the present invention is not limited to this order information and more, fewer or other types of order information can be used to practice the invention.
The user can also create a trailing stop order against a fill. The user can create a Profit/Loss bracket around a fill. The user can launch an Order Ticket window from a specific fill. When an Order Ticket is opened from a fill, the ticket is pre-populated with the data that corresponds to that fill (e.g., exchange, instrument, quantity, etc.)/The side of the Order Ticket will be opposite that of the fill. Supported order types will be available to be created from the Order Ticket. Trailing stops and brackets can be linked to another order, such as a limit order. When this order is executed the Trailing Stop or bracket, etc. is then submitted to the market, or held “working” on the target device 12, 14, 16.
The Fills window 58 displays a detailed view of a fill. A fill detail includes all available fill information (including partial fills). The application 30 handles external fills. The application 30 uses separate display indicators if the fill is external (e.g., color difference, etc) on the GUI 32.
In one embodiment, Order and Fill information is displayed following standard window rules laid out by the Standard Window. The data in this Order and Fill window is displayed in the standard grid format, as described in the Standard Grid. This window will display order and fill data. The user chooses which fields should be displayed in the grid (some fields will appear by default) on the GUI 32.
Table 4 illustrates a list of order information that used in the Order and Fill windows 56, 58. Most of the information is exposed through the APIs used. However, in a few cases the information is calculated. These exceptions are indicated where they occur. However, the present invention is not limited to this order information and more, fewer or other types of order information can be used to practice the invention.
Table 5 illustrates a list of fill information that used in the Order and Fill windows 56, 58. Most of the information is exposed through the APIs used. However, in a few cases the information is calculated. These exceptions are indicated where they occur. However, the present invention is not limited to fill information and more, fewer or other types of fill information can be used to practice the invention.
Positions/Market Data Window
In one embodiment, the Positions and Market Data window 60 includes, but is not limited to a display of a controls identifier, an account identifier, a net position, a number of buys, a number of sells, an average price, an last price and a total. However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the Position and Market Data window 58 to practice the invention.
The user can display any combination of order and fill information that they choose (although some information must be displayed in order for other information to be displayed). The user is provided with an Orders template and a Fills template, which will each display different default data (and, therefore, functionality).
An “open position” is a long, short, or profit or loss in an instrument or contract in an account. This open position is the aggregation of all the fills received in the instrument. Market data is delivered to the application 30 in real-time through the APIs used. A new or saved Positions/Market window 60 can be launched from the Application Manager window. The user can launch an Order Ticket window 84 from a specific position.
The user can display all of the fills that comprise a position. The user can flatten the open position in the instrument for the selected account. The window 60 includes a Flatten button for flattening a net position. When the user chooses to flatten, working orders for the instrument are canceled and an order is entered that flattens the net position (i.e., the quantity of the order will be equal to the net position and the order will be placed on the opposite side of the net position). The flattening is achieved with a single order (i.e., the user cannot enter more than one order to flatten).
Position information and Market Data is displayed following standard window rules laid out in the Standard Window. The data in this window 60 is displayed in the standard grid format, as described in the Standard Grid.
Table 6 illustrates a list of position information that is available from this window 60. However, the present invention is not limited to this position information and more, fewer or other types of position information can be used to practice the invention.
The GUI 32 will also show market data and position information. The user chooses which fields should be displayed in the grid (i.e., some market data fields will appear by default). Table 7 is a list of market data that is available from this window 60. However, the present invention is not limited to this market data more, fewer or other types of market data can be used to practice the invention.
Aggregated Book View (ABV) Window
The ABV Window allows the user to view bid size and offer size by price for a particular instrument in a market depth-type format. The window displays working orders for a selected account in a single instrument. The data on this window is displayed and updated in real-time. The window also allows the user to enter various order types. In one embodiment, two ABV widows are displayed by default. In another embodiment, one or more than two ABV windows are displayed by default.
In one embodiment, the ABV window displays a buy column, a bid column, a dynamic price column, an ask column, a sell column, a quantity column, a re-center button, a cancel buy button, a cancel sell button, a cancel all button, a market buy button, a flatten button, a bracket button, a TStop button, a net position and a total P/L. However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the ABV window 66 to practice the invention.
The user can select an instrument or contract to view in an ABV window 66, and can change the instrument or contract from this window 66. Changing the instrument or contract changes the data displayed to that of the selected instrument or contract. The user can select an account from available accounts. The window 66 displays the total quantity of orders working in the market at each price. Both buy and sell quantities are displayed. Quantities are updated as the instrument order book changes. The window 66 displays an indicator depicting the all of the user's open orders, for the selected account, at each price. The window 66 indicates a state of each order. Open order states include, but are not limited to: Queued, Sent, Working, Part Filled, Cancel Pending and Amend Pending, Held, Cancelled, Filled.
This window 66 indicates the order type for each order. The window 66 indicates the working quantity of each order. The window 66 displays parked orders for the selected instrument. The window 66 displays the user's net position in the selected instrument for the selected account. The window 66 displays the trade quantities for each corresponding price level. The user can select to view the total quantity currently trading at a price. This quantity is increased as each trade at a price occurs. The cumulative quantity remains in the window 66 until the price changes (at which time the cumulative trade quantity for the new price will be shown).
The user selects to view the last quantity currently trading at a price. This view shows the individual trade quantities. Only quantities for the current price are shown. The window 66 displays the total traded volume for the instrument. The window 66 displays all of the aforementioned data at once.
The user sets and adjusts the specified quantity for orders entered via this window 66. The quantity is set via a spinner, text entry or keypad entry. Each key-pad input increases a specified quantity by an amount displayed on the key (key value). The user selects to have the specified quantity set to zero after order entry. The user resets the quantity to zero (i.e., without entering an order). A right click on the mouse increases the quantity, left click decreases the quantity.
Orders entered via this window 66 will have a quantity equal to the quantity specified at time of entry. The default account for any orders entered from the ABV window 66 is the selected account. The can enter a limit order by clicking a cell in the bid quantity or offer quantity columns. Limit orders are default order type.
Order side will be set to BUY if the user clicks in the bid quantity column 70. Order side will be set to SELL if the user clicks in the offer quantity column 72. Orders will have a quantity equal to the specified quantity. Order limit price must equal the price corresponding to the clicked offer/bid quantity.
The user enters a stop order by clicking a cell in the bid or offer quantity columns 70, 72. Order side will be set to BUY if the user clicks in the bid quantity column 70. Order side will be set to SELL if the user clicks in the offer quantity column 72. Orders must have a quantity equal to the specified quantity. The order stop price will equal the price corresponding to the clicked offer/bid quantity. The order is entered for the selected account. The user is able to enter a buy stop below the market or a sell stop above the market. If the user does this, a window appears, warning the user that the buy or sell will be immediately executed.
The user can enter an OCO (One Cancels Other) pair of orders. The user can also enter a profit/loss bracket. The user can enter a trailing stop. The user can also enter an “If-Then Strategy.”
The user can change the limit price of a working limit order by dragging the working order indicator to a new price. The user can change the stop price of a working stop order by dragging the working order indicator to a new price. This will cause a cancel replace to be entered at the electronic trading exchange 20, 22. The user can change the quantity of a working order by right clicking in the cell displaying the working order. A right click on a mouse displays a context menu listing order quantities centered on the current quantity. The user can also adjust account number.
The user can cancel a working order with a single mouse click. The user can cancel all open orders in the instrument for the selected account. The can cancel all open buy orders in the instrument for the selected account. The user can cancel all open sell orders in the instrument for the selected account.
Users can have orders at a price displayed as a concatenated total, or displayed as each individual order. When the display of individual orders is to large for the display, individual orders will be displayed starting with the first order entered and then the remaining orders that do not fit in the display will be concatenated. Concatenated orders are indicated as such using a symbol that is attached to the total. Users can also adjust the display of the ABV by adding or removing columns, buttons and functions.
The user uses the open position in the instrument for the selected account. This window 66 includes a Flatten button for flattening the net position. When the user chooses to flatten, all working orders for the instrument are canceled and an order is entered that flattens the net position (i.e., the quantity of the order will be equal to the net position and the order will be placed on the opposite side of the net position). The flattening is achieved with a single order (i.e., the user cannot enter more than one order to flatten).
The user can center the dynamic Price column 68 on the current market. The user can scroll the dynamic Price column 68 to display prices above or below the current market. All data is displayed real-time.
This ABV window 66 follows the standard window rules laid out in the Standard Window. The data in this window is displayed in a grid, but this grid will not follow all of the standard grid rules.
The user can choose from a list of columns to display. Certain columns will be displayed by default. Certain columns will not be removable (price for example). The user can change the order of the displayed columns by dragging a column heading to a new position. The user can manually resize a column. The user can resize all columns to fit the screen. The user can resize all columns to fit the contents. The user can resize a selected column to fit the contents. Double clicking on the column heading border sizes a column so that data only is displayed with no redundant space.
The user can change the font for all columns in the grid. The user can change the font for an individual column. The user can change the foreground color of a column. The user can change the background color of a column. The user can restore the default grid settings.
The ABV window 66 is resizable. When it is resized, the columns expand and contract so that all data is still shown. However, after resizing the window, the user can resize the columns to get rid of wasted space and then change the font size (i.e., so it's more readable when the screen is small).
This ABV window 66 will display the following fields illustrated in Table 8 in a ladder format. However, the present invention is not limited there fields and more, fewer or other types of fields can be used to practice the invention.
The ABV window 66 displays real-time data for a particular contract, allowing a user to get a current snapshot of the market. Thus, the ABV window 66 can also be considered an “Ask, Bid, Volume” window.
An instrument or contract can be added to an open ABV window 66 in the same way that a contract was added to the Quotes window 50. Simply select the contract that to display and then drag it into the ABV window 66. Contracts can be dragged from any of the windows displayed on the screen.
Once a contract has been added to the ABV window, the data illustrated in Table 9 is displayed on the ABV window.
On the ABV window 66, the price of any open Buy or Sell orders can be amended. To change the price of an order, a row selector that corresponds with the order to amend is selected buy left-clicking and holding down a left mouse button, dragging a cursor connected to the mouse up or down to a desired new price and releasing the mouse button. A white cursor arrow appears to indicate a change in price. The price amended will be submitted as soon as the mouse is released. If there multiple orders at the same price (and on the same side), all of the orders will be amended to the new price when dragging the concatenated order. The user can cancel a signal order at a price where multiple orders exist. They can also modify a single order at a price where multiple orders exist. They do this by selecting the individual order and dragging and dropping.
Another feature of the ABV window 66 is that a desired position on the dynamically displayed Price column 68 can be moved. If it is desired to scroll up or down on a market price on the dynamically displayed Price column 68, the dynamically displayed Price column 66 is hovered over with a mouse. A yellow cursor arrow will appear, pointing up if the mouse cursor is in the top half of the dynamic price column 68, or down, if the mouse cursor is in the bottom half of the dynamic Price column 68. Clicking on the cursor arrow will scroll the grid in the direction that the arrow points.
The ABV window 66 provides a dynamic Price column 68 centered upon the lasted traded price that continuously changes with fluctuations in the last traded price. To enter an order, a mouse cursor is hovered anywhere in the ABV window 66. This mouse hover puts a user in the “order entry mode.” In the order entry mode a trade near last traded price can be entered or prices on the dynamic price column can be manually adjusted away from the last traded price. To scroll up or down the market prices on the dynamic Price column 68 to enter a trade, the mouse cursor is hovered over the dynamic Price column 68. A large yellow arrow will appear, pointing up if the mouse curser is in the top half of the dynamic price column, or down, the mouse cursor is in the bottom half of the dynamic price column. Clicking on the large yellow arrow will scroll the prices in the dynamic price column in the direction that the large arrow points so a trade can be entered away from a current market price.
If the dynamic Price column 68 is scrolled up or down and the last traded price is not centered on your ABV, the dynamic price column will start to scroll until the last traded price is again centered in the ABV window 66. In addition, if there is no further activity from a mouse for a period of time the dynamic Price column 68 will also start to scroll. As a visual indication, just before the dynamic price column begins to scroll, the mouse cursor will turn yellow and start to flash. This is a warning that the ABV window is about to begin re-centering around the last traded price. If, at any time, the mouse cursor is moved out of the ABV window, you leave the order entry mode and the ABV will automatically re-center the dynamic price column on the last traded price the next time the market price changes.
Stop and limit orders can also be entered on the ABV window 66 with just a click of a mouse. Before entering limit or stop orders an account is chosen and a quantity is entered. If a user has access to multiple accounts, the user can select the desired account by using the Account drop down menu. The user can input a number of lots to trade by typing the number in, by using the + or − buttons, or by using a keypad. A default quantity can be set via the Settings window. After selecting an account and quantity, limit and stop orders can be placed.
To enter a Buy Limit order, the mouse is clicked in the Bid column next to the Price to enter the order for. A limit order to buy will be entered at that price for the quantity specified, and a new working order will be reflected in the Buy column. Likewise, to enter a Sell Limit order, the mouse is clicked in the Ask column next to the Price to enter the order for.
To enter a Buy Stop order, the mouse is right-clicked in the Bid column next to the Price to enter the order for. A stop order to buy will be entered at that price for the quantity specified, and a new order will be reflected in the Buy column. Similarly, to enter a Sell Stop order, the mouse is right-clicked in the Ask column next to the Price that you want to enter the order for.
In addition to Limit and Stop orders, Market orders can be executed on the ABV window 66 using the Market Buy and Market Sell buttons. The ABV window can also be set up so that a Bracket or Trailing Stop order will automatically be created any time an order entered via the ABV is filled. The Bracket and Trailing Stop parameters will default to the values set up on the Settings window. To link a Bracket or Trailing Stop order to all orders entered via the ABV, choose Bracket or TStop from the Link To drop down box. A small window pops up with the default parameters for a bracket. The bracket levels can be changed by typing in a desired number, or using the “+” and “−” buttons. A limit order will be the profit order type, and for a loss order type, either choose a stop or a trailing stop can be selected.
For example, if a stop order is chosen, as soon as the order was filled, two new orders were entered. A limit order was created at a price that is five ticks above the market order's price and a stop order was created at a price that is three ticks below the market order's price Both orders have the same quantity that the market order had. Because these orders were entered as part of a bracket, when one of these orders is filled, the other will automatically be cancelled. Likewise, TStop is chosen from the Link To drop down box, a small window will appear that allows you to view and change trailing stop parameters. Like the bracket, a trailing stop will be entered once an order entered via the ABV window 66 is filled.
The ABV also allows cancellation of some or all of working orders as well. To cancel a particular order, the mouse cursor is placed over that order in the Buy or Sell column, whichever applies, and a yellow X appears over the working order. A mouse click on the yellow X will cancel that particular order. If multiple orders are entered at the same price (and on the same side), they will all be cancelled.
Order Ticket Window
In one embodiment, the Order Ticket window 84 displays, but is not limited to, an account identifier, an instrument or contract identifier, an order type, a limit price, if any, a stop limit price if any, a side identifier, a quantity identifier, an exchange identifier a current bid, ask, and last traded price, a current bid, ask or last traded quantity and a buy or sell identifier. However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the Order Ticket window 84 to practice the invention.
If necessary, the Order Ticket window 84 will change or launch supporting windows to accommodate more complex order types. In one embodiment, the Order Ticket window 84 displays, but is not limited to, an account identifier, an instrument or contract identifier, an order type, a limit price, if any, a stop limit price if any, a side identifier, a quantity identifier, an exchange identifier a current bid, ask, and last traded price, a current bid, ask or last traded quantity and a buy or sell graphical button. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention.
The user can select the account that the order applies to. The user can change the side of the order. The ticket background color depends upon the side chosen. For example, the background is set to blue for buy orders and set to red for sell orders. The following market data is displayed, but is not limited to, on this window 84 for the selected instrument: bid price, bid size, ask price, ask size, and last traded price.
This window 84 also does follow the standard window rules laid out in the Standard Window. The window can also be resized. The user can select to have the order ticket always on top. The default for this functionality is determined in the Settings Window. The Order Ticket window 84 is member of a Desktop Layout window. The Order Ticket window 84 settings are saved when it is a member of a Desktop Layout.
This window 84 is comprised of all the fields necessary to enter an order. The field defaults are set in the Settings window 48, but this window 84 may display different defaults depending on where it was launched from (for example, if it was launched from a specific fill or position).
Table 10 illustrate a list of the fields that are used to create a standard order. Synthetic orders also created directly from this window 84. In another embodiment, a separate window may be launched, or there may be some other method of accessing synthetic order entry. However, the present invention is not limited to this order information and more, fewer or other types of order information can be used to practice the invention.
Reports Window
In one embodiment, the Reports window 86 displays, but is not limited to, an account identifier, an order identifier, an instrument identifier, a side identifier, a quantity, a price, an order type, an average price, a state, a price2, file, number of fills and an open column. However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the Reports window 68 to practice the invention.
Order types, including synthetic order types are summarized from this window 86. If necessary, the Order Ticket window 84 changes or launches supporting windows to accommodate more complex order types. The user can select the account that the order applies to. The user changes the side of the order. Ticket background color depends upon the side chosen. For example, the background is blue for buy orders ant he background is red for sell orders.
Table 11 illustrates a list of the fields used to create a standard order report. However, the present invention is not limited to this order information more, fewer or other types of order information can be used to practice the invention.
Client Logs
This functionality allows the user to send error and audit logs. A log of application errors is maintained. Application error logs, created daily, are retained for ten trading days. The user does not have ability to view the application error log. Logs are stored on the client and are not be encrypted, but should not be easily accessible to the user. The user can send the application error log to another location from within the application 30.
An audit log is created. The audit log contains detailed order history, including all available times associated with the order. The log also contains fills associated with the order. The log contains messages pertaining to the application which indicate connection activities and statuses. Audit logs, created daily, are retained for ten trading days. The user does not have ability to view the audit log. Logs are stored on the application 30 and should not be encrypted, but should not be easily accessible to the user. The user can send the audit log to another location from within the network 18.
Specialized Order Functionality
The application 30 also provides specialized order functionality. This functionality is available to the user wherever orders can be entered. The user creates one-cancels-other (OCO) order pairs. An OCO order is one that allows the user to have two working orders in the market at once With the execution of one order the other is canceled. The user can construct an OCO pair across different instruments traded on a single electronic exchange. The user can construct an OCO pair across different instruments on two electronic trading exchanges. The user can construct an OCO pair combining orders of any order type that is supported by the exchange (or supported synthetic order types).
The user cancels OCO orders before exiting the application 30. If the user has any open OCO's upon logoff, the GUI 32 warns the user that the orders will be cancelled and allow the user to cancel the logoff if desired. By default, entering a quantity for the OCO enters that same quantity for both sides of the OCO.
A complete fill of one order cancels the other order. If there is a partial fill on one leg of the OCO, the other side of the OCO is reduced by the amount that was filled. This functionality will only occur if both legs of the OCO are entered with the same quantity. The user has the ability to turn off this functionality, so that the order quantities don't automatically decrement and the orders are canceled only when one order is completely filled. If the user enters different quantities, this functionality are automatically turned off and disabled.
The user can cancel individual orders of the pair, leaving the remaining order in the market. The user can cancel both orders in the pair simultaneously. The user can change the price for an individual order of the pair. The user can create a profit/loss bracket order pair. A Profit/Loss bracket is a specific case of an OCO order pair. This order pair consists of a limit order to establish a profit and a stop loss order to limit loss. The stop loss portion of the bracket should be able to be a “trailing stop.” The use is able to create a profit/loss bracket around an existing position. The user is able to create a profit/loss bracket around a fill. The use can create a profit/loss bracket around an order in the filled state.
The user can create trailing stop orders. A trailing stop is an order that tracks a price of the instrument and adjusts the stop trigger price in accordance with a predefined rule (i.e., stop trigger is changed when the market changes a certain number of ticks).
Trailing stop orders can be either of type stop or stop limit. For stop limit orders, the limit price will be changed such that it keeps the same differential from the stop trigger price. In order to set up the trailing stop rule, the user must enter: the number of ticks that the market must change before the stop trigger price should be adjusted. The number of ticks that the stop trigger price should be adjusted when an adjustment is warranted. A trailing stop order is purely synthetic.
The stop order should only be known to the client until it is actually triggered. At that time either a market order (in the case of an order type of stop) or a limit order (in the case of a stop limit order) will be entered into the market. A trailing stop only adjusts the stop trigger price in the profitable direction of the trade. A trailing stop order to sell does not adjust the stop trigger price to a value less than the initial trigger value. A trailing stop order to sell only increases the stop trigger price. A trailing stop order to sell only adjusts the stop trigger price when new high prices are traded in the instrument. This will prevent adjusting the stop trigger price if the instrument price retraces a profitable move but does not trigger the stop.
A trailing stop order to buy does not adjust the trigger price to a value greater than the initial trigger value. A trailing stop order to buy only decreases the stop price. A trailing stop order to buy must adjusts the trigger price when new low prices are traded in the instrument. This will prevent adjusting the stop trigger price if the instrument price retraces a profitable move but does not trigger the stop. Trailing stops are only valid while the user is logged into the application 30. Application 30 exit will have the effect of the trailing stop not being in the market. On application exit, if the user has trailing stops entered, the user will be warned that the stop will not be worked while the application is closed.
The user is to choose to save trailing stops. On application 30 launch, the user is advised of any saved trailing stops and given the opportunity to reenter them.
The user is able to create parked orders. A parked order is an order that is created by the user but not submitted to the market. The user is able to release a parked order. Releasing a parked order submits it to the market. The user can change a working order to a parked order. This sends a cancel to the exchange. On receipt of the cancel acknowledgement, the application 30 changes the order state to indicate that the order is parked. Parked orders are saved on application exit. Parked orders are restored on application 30 launch.
If-Then Strategies
The user can create an “If-Then Strategy.” With an If Then Strategy, an order is entered into the market. Upon receipt of a fill acknowledgement for the order, one or more other orders are automatically entered by the application 30 based on the If-Then strategy. Typically, the orders that are entered with If-Then Strategy will be orders to manage profit and loss expectations for the fill that was received on the original order. The user can create an If-Then strategy where on the receipt of the acknowledgement of an order fill, a profit/loss bracket is entered around the fill price for the filled quantity. The user can create an If-Then strategy where on the receipt of the acknowledgement of an order fill, a stop or stop limit order is entered at an offset from the fill price for the quantity of the fill. The user can create an If-Then strategy where on the receipt of the acknowledgement of an order fill, a trailing stop order is entered at an offset from the fill price for the quantity of the fill. The user can create an If-Then strategy where on the receipt of the acknowledgement of an order fill, a limit order is entered at an offset from the fill price for the quantity of the fill. The user can create an If-Then strategy where on the receipt of the acknowledgement of an order fill, an OCO order pair is entered.
Automatically Trading Spreads
As is known in the art, a “futures spread” includes a purchase of one futures delivery month contract against the sale of another futures delivery month contract of the same commodity; the purchase of one delivery month contract of one commodity against the sale of that same delivery month contract of a different commodity; or the purchase of one commodity contract in one market against the sale of the commodity contract in another market, to take advantage of a profit from a change in price relationships. The term spread is also used to refer to the difference between the price of a futures month contract and the price of another month contract of the same commodity.
An “intra-commodity” spread (e.g., a calendar spread) is long at least one futures contract and short at least one other futures contract. Both have the same underlying futures contract but they have different maturities.
An “inter-commodity” spread is a long-short position in futures contracts on different underlying futures contracts. Both typically have the same maturity. Spreads can also be constructed with futures contracts traded on different exchanges. Typically this is done using futures on the same underlying contract, either to earn arbitrage profits or, in the case of commodity or energy underlying contracts, to create an exposure to price spreads between two geographically separate delivery points.
A “different commodities spread” is a spread between two or more different commodities contracts of any type of any maturity and any type of position. (e.g., (Mini S&P)/(Mini NSDAQ), or (Mini S&P)/(Mini DJ), etc.).
A “crack spread” is a commodity contract—commodity product contract spread involving the purchase of a commodity and the sale of a product. For example, the purchase of crude oil futures contracts and the sale of gasoline and/or heating oil futures contracts.
Spread trading offers reduced risk compared to trading futures contracts outright. Long and short futures contracts comprise a spread that correlated, so they tend to hedge one another. For this reason, exchanges generally have less strict margin requirements for future contract spreads.
A “butterfly spread” for futures contracts includes a spread trade in which multiple futures contract months are traded simultaneously at a differential. The trade basically consists of two or futures spread transactions with either three or four different futures months at one or more differentials.
Spread trading is also used for options. An option spread trade is when a call option is bought at one strike price and another call option is sold against a position at a higher strike price. This is a called a “bull spread.” A “bear spread” includes buying a put option at one strike price and selling another put option at a lower strike price.
A “butterfly spread” for options includes selling two or more calls and buying two or more calls on the same or different markets and several expiration dates. One of the call options has a higher strike price and the other has a lower strike price than the other two call options. If the underlying stock price remains stable, the trader profits from the premium income collected on the options that are written.
A “vertical spread” for options includes a simultaneous purchase and sale of options of the same class and expiration date but different strike prices. A vertical spread for futures contracts includes a simultaneous purchase and sale of futures contracts with the same expiration date but different prices.
A “horizontal spread” includes the purchase and sale of put options and call options having the same strike price but different expiration dates. A horizontal spread for futures contracts includes the purchase and sale of futures for the same purchase price but different expiration dates.
A “ratio spread” applies to both puts and calls, involves buying or selling options at one strike price in greater number than those bought or sold at another strike price. “Back spreads” and “front spreads” are types of ratio spreads.
A “back spread” is a spread which more options are bought than sold. A back spread will be profitable if volatility in the market increases. A “front spread” is a spread in which more options are sold than bought. A front spread will increase in value if volatility in the market decreases.
The purpose of an option spread trade is two-fold. First, it bets on the direction that a trader thinks a certain stock will go. And second, it reduces a trader's cost of the trade to the difference between what is paid for the option and what profit is obtained from selling the second option. An option profit is the spread, or the difference between the two strike prices, minus a cost of the spread.
An “inter-exchange” spread is a difference in a price of same security, instrument or contract traded on different exchanges. For examples, the price of a stock for a computer of brand-X on the New York Stork Exchange and the Toyko Stock exchanges.
Various types of spreads (e.g., vertical, horizontal, ratio, back, front, etc.) are also used to trade futures contracts, stocks, bonds and other financial instruments and financial contracts in addition to options.
Method 88 is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention.
In such an exemplary embodiment at Step 90, a list of plural names of pre-determined spreads is presented in a graphical window on GUI 32 via application 30. The list of names of pre-determined spreads includes, but is not limited to, intra-commodity spreads, inter-commodity spreads, crack spreads, butterfly spreads, vertical spreads, horizontal spreads, inter-exchange spreads, synthetic spreads, etc. for futures contracts, stocks, bonds, options, financial instruments and financial contracts.
In one embodiment, the list of names of pre-determined spreads includes a trader defined spread for which a trader can enter a trader-defined spread.
In one embodiment, the list of pre-determined spreads is displayed in a separate spread graphical window. In one embodiment, the list of pre-determined spreads is displayed by application 30 including plural graphical windows as described above.
In such and embodiment, the list of pre-determined spreads is displayed in one or more ABV windows 66 or is displayed in one or more Order Ticket windows 84.
In such embodiment, pre-determined spreads are entered via existing graphical windows (e.g., ABV window 66, Order Ticket window 84, etc.) with using the list of pre-determined spreads. In such an embodiment, a trader creates his/her own spread by entering two or more trades in the pre-existing graphical windows.
In another embodiment, application 30 is an application used only for spreads In such an embodiment, application 30 displays plural graphical windows created specifically created for trading spreads (e.g., see
At Step 92, a selection input is received on the application 30 from a target device 12, 14, 16 for a pre-determined spread for the list of spreads.
At step 94, one or more graphical windows are presented on the GUI 32 to accept information for the selected pre-determined spread. For example, for an inter-commodities spread, one or more graphical windows illustrated in
In one embodiment, selected ones of the pre-determined spreads include configurable slippage factor portion that is pre-determined and configurable trader via the GUI 32. The configurable slippage factor portion allows the trader to safely execute an alternative 2nd leg, 3rd leg, etc. of a trade if an initial primary trade for a futures contract or cash instrument is missed.
In one embodiment, the selected ones of the pre-determined spreads include a configurable duration portion that allows traders to enter “one-to-one”, one-to-multi,” and “multi-to-one” strategies which are may or may not be in pre-determined cash-to-futures ratio, or visa-versa or other contract-to-contract, contract-to-instrument, or instrument-to-contract ratio. For example, the configuration duration portion allows a one-to-one trading strategy for one real cash entity to ten futures real entity ratio, or visa-versa, one real cash entity and eleven real futures entities, or visa-versa, etc. depending on the trader's preferences.
At Step 96, the accepted information is used to automatically execute two or more trades for the pre-determined spread on one or more trading exchanges 20, 22.
Method 102 is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention.
In such an exemplary embodiment at Step 104, a pre-determined trading strategy for a pre-determined spread is received. As was discussed above, the pre-determined trading strategies include, but are not limited to, a pre-determined trading strategy created by a trader, if-then trading strategies, one-cancels-other (OCO) trading strategies, combinations of buys and sells, combinations of puts and calls, synthetic trading strategies or execution of strategies based on previously executed orders.
In one embodiment, the pre-determined trading strategy is received from a spreadsheet. (e.g., Microsoft Excel, etc.). In another embodiment the pre-determined trading strategy is received from a data file or database file. The spreadsheet, data file or database file may include pre-determined formulas, macros of other entities used to define a trading strategy. In another embodiment, the pre-determined trading strategy is received via manual inputs on a target device 12, 14, 16 via GUI 32 and application 30.
For example, for a synthetic spread a strategy for trading two real trading entities (e.g., two real commodities contracts) and a ratio between them is received.
At Step 106, trading information is received for executing two or more electronic trades for the pre-determined spread via one or more graphical windows such a Spread window, ABV window 66, Order Ticket window 84, etc. via GUI 32 and application 30. In another embodiment, the trading information is received in specialized plural spread windows using a specialized spread application 30 (e.g., see
In one embodiment, the trading information is received from a spreadsheet. In another embodiment the trading information is received from a data file. In another embodiment, the trading information is received via manual inputs on a target device 12, 14, 16 via GUI 32 and application 30.
At Step 108, two or more sets of electronic trading information are received from one or more electronic trading exchanges 20, 22 including trading information for the two or more electronic trades created for the pre-determined spread.
At Step 110, selected ones of the two or more electronic trades are automatically executed for the pre-determined spread on one or more electronic trading exchanges 20, 22 to execute one or more portions of the predetermined spread.
At Step 112, results of the pre-determined spread are displayed on the GUI 32 via the application 30. In one embodiment, results of trading on the pre-determined spread are displayed in colors different than other types of trades displayed in the various graphical windows of the GUI 32.
In one embodiment, the GUI 32 also includes a graphical spread Profit and Loss (P&L) blotter that provides spread risk monitoring at a firm, group, or trader level. The application 30 calculates and displays spread P&L on a real-time basis on the GUI 32 with Market-to Market and types of spread functionality. The application 30 includes firm wide status messages that can be broadcast to all traders who are viewing a graphical spread blotter and it will illustrate actual spread cumulative P&L and not just intra-day by including previous days total spread positions (i.e., inter-day results, etc.).
In one embodiment, application 30 and GUI 32 include setting up and displaying synthetic market data for a synthetic spread (e.g., an ABV window 66 of the synthetic spread displaying the synthetic contracts price/depth, or a Quotes window 50 entry displaying the synthetic contracts price or specialized windows (e.g.,
In one embodiment, results of the trades for the pre-determined spread are displayed in a spreadsheet, data file or database file. In such an embodiment, results of trades for the pre-determined spread are written back into the spreadsheet, data file, or database file for display. In such an embodiment, the spreadsheet, data file or database file may be displayed in a new graphical window or as a portion of an existing graphical window (e.g., Spread window, ABV window 66, Order ticket window 84, specialized spread trading windows (e.g.,
The method and system described herein allow pre-determined and trader defined spreads to be input and one or more trades for the spreads to be automatically executed on one or more trading exchanges. The method and system also allows monitoring of the spreads from one or more graphical windows on a graphical user interface.
It should be understood that the architecture, programs, processes, methods and It should be understood that the architecture, programs, processes, methods and systems described herein are not related or limited to any particular type of computer or network system (hardware or software), unless indicated otherwise. Various types of general purpose or specialized computer systems may be used with or perform operations in accordance with the teachings described herein.
In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles of the present invention can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention. For example, the steps of the flow diagrams may be taken in sequences other than those described, and more or fewer elements may be used in the block diagrams.
While various elements of the preferred embodiments have been described as being implemented in software, in other embodiments hardware or firmware implementations may alternatively be used, and vice-versa.
The claims should not be read as limited to the described order or elements unless stated to that effect. In addition, use of the term “means” in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6, and any claim without the word “means” is not so intended.
Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed as the invention.
Claims
1. A method for automatically executing trading spreads, comprising:
- presenting a list of a plurality of names of a plurality of pre-determined spreads on a graphical user interface;
- receiving a selection input for a pre-determined spread from the list of names;
- presenting one or more graphical windows to accept trading information for the selected pre-determined spread; and
- automatically executing two or more trades on one or more trading exchanges using the accepted trading information to execute the pre-determined spread.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising a computer readable medium having stored therein a plurality of instructions for causing one or more processors to execute the steps of the method.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of presenting a list of names includes presenting a list of names from a Spread window.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of presenting a list of names includes presenting a list of names from an Aggregated Book View (ABV) Window or an Order Ticket window.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of presenting one or more graphical windows includes presenting one or more Aggregated Book View (ABV) Windows or one or more Order Ticket windows.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein selected ones of the pre-determined spreads include one or more slippage factors to automatically execute a secondary trade if a primary trade is missed.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein selected ones of the pre-determined spreads include a configurable duration portion to create one-to-one trading durations, multi-to-one and one-to-multi trading durations.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of presenting a list of a plurality of names includes presenting a list of a plurality of names for pre-determined spreads for real and synthetic trading entities.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the pre-determined spreads include intra-commodity spreads, inter-commodity spreads, option spreads, crack spreads, butterfly spreads, vertical spreads, horizontal spreads, ratio spreads, back spreads, front spreads, inter-exchange spreads, different commodities spreads, synthetic spreads or trader defined spreads.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the trading information includes a pre-determined trading strategy comprising if-then trading strategies, one-cancels-other (OCO) trading strategies, combinations of buys and sells, combinations of puts and calls, or execution of trades based on previously executed trades.
11. A method for automatically executing trading spreads, comprising:
- receiving a pre-determined trading strategy for a pre-determined spread;
- receiving trading information for executing two or more electronic trades for the predetermined spread via one or more graphical windows via a graphical user interface;
- receiving two or more sets of electronic trading information from one or more electronic trading exchanges including trading information for the two or more electronic trades created for the pre-determined spread;
- automatically executing selected ones of the two or more electronic trades for the pre-determined spread on one or more electronic trading exchanges to execute one or more portions of the pre-determined spread; and
- displaying results of the pre-determined spread on the graphical user interface.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising a computer readable medium having stored therein a plurality of instructions for causing one or more processors to execute the steps of the method.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the pre-determined trading strategy includes if-then trading strategies, one-cancels-other (OCO) trading strategies, combinations of buys and sells, combinations of puts and calls, or execution of trades based on previously executed trades for the pre-determined spread.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the pre-determined spreads include intra-commodity spreads, inter-commodity spreads, option spreads, crack spreads, butterfly spreads, vertical spreads, horizontal spreads, ratio spreads, back spreads, front spreads, inter-exchange spreads, different commodities spreads, synthetic spreads or trader defined spreads.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein the step receiving a pre-determined trading strategy includes receiving a pre-determined trading strategy from a spreadsheet, a data file or via manual inputs.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of displaying results of the pre-determined spread includes displaying results of trading the pre-determined spread in colors different than other types of trades displayed on the graphical user interface.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of displaying results of the pre-determined spread includes displaying a graphical spread Profit and Loss (P&L) display.
18. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of displaying results of the pre-determined spread includes displaying results in a spreadsheet or a data file.
19. The method of claim 11 wherein the pre-determined spread includes pre-determined spreads for real and synthetic trading entities.
20. A system for automatically executing trading spreads, comprising in combination:
- means for receiving a pre-determined trading strategy for a pre-determined spread, for receiving trading information for executing two or more electronic trades for the pre-determined spread via one or more graphical windows via a graphical user interface, and means for receiving two or more sets of electronic trading information from one or more electronic trading exchanges including trading information for the two or more electronic trades created for the pre-determined spread;
- means for automatically executing the electronic trades for the pre-determined spread on one or more electronic trading exchanges to execute one or more portions of the pre-determined spread; and
- means for displaying results of the pre-determined spread on the graphical user interface.
21. The system of claim 20 wherein the pre-determined spread include intra-commodity spreads, inter-commodity spreads, option spreads, crack spreads, butterfly spreads, vertical spreads, horizontal spreads, ratio spreads, back spreads, front spreads, inter-exchange spreads, different commodities spreads, synthetic spreads or trader defined spreads.
Type: Application
Filed: May 30, 2006
Publication Date: Nov 30, 2006
Patent Grant number: 7617149
Applicant: Rosenthal Collins Group, LLC. (Chicago, IL)
Inventors: Leslie Rosenthal (Chicago, IL), J. Collins (Burr Ridge, IL)
Application Number: 11/443,578
International Classification: G06Q 40/00 (20060101);
