Semiconductor substrate-based interconnection assembly for semiconductor device bearing external elements
The present invention relates to a method of forming interconnections for a temporary package, wherein the interconnections are capable of receiving solder balls on a die, partial wafer or wafer under test for testing and burn-in. The interconnections are formed in recesses sized and shaped to receive and contain approximately 10% to 50%, and preferably about 30%, of the total height of each solder ball within its associated interconnection. Such a design compensates for under-sized or misshapen solder balls on the die under test and thereby prevents a possible false failure indication for the die under test. This design also distributes the forces on the solder ball caused by biasing the die under test to its temporary package to the periphery of the solder ball and thus reduces the likelihood of damage to the solder ball or the semiconductor substrate.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/848,762, filed May 18, 2004, which will issue as U.S. Pat. No. 7,126,224 on Oct. 24, 2006, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/310,257, filed Dec. 4, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,740,578, issued May 25, 2004, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/649,225, filed Aug. 28, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,822, issued Jul. 29, 2003, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/164,113, filed Sep. 30, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,716, issued Apr. 10, 2001.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for forming an interconnection for receiving bumps or balls of a semiconductor device for testing or burn-in of the device. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for forming sloped-wall, metal-lined interconnections to receive and contain portions of solder balls of a semiconductor device therein.
2. State of the Art
Integrated circuit devices are well-known in the prior art. Such devices, or so-called “semiconductor dice,” may include a large number of active semiconductor components (such as diodes, transistors) in combination with (e.g., in one or more circuits) various passive components (such as capacitors, resistors), all residing on a “semiconductor chip” or die of silicon or, less typically, gallium arsenide or indium phosphide. The combination of components results in a semiconductor or integrated circuit die that performs one or more specific functions, such as a microprocessor die or a memory die, the latter as exemplified by ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, DRAM and SRAM dice.
Such semiconductor dice are normally designed to be supported or carried in an encapsulant or other package and normally have a plurality of externally accessible connection elements in the form of solder balls, pins, or leads, to which the circuits on each semiconductor die are electrically connected within the package to access other electronic components employed in combination with each semiconductor die. Bond pads on the active surface of a die may be directly in contact with the connection elements, or connected thereto with intermediate elements, such as bond wires or TAB (Tape Automated Bonding, or flex circuit) connections, or rerouting traces extending to remote locations on the die active surface. An encapsulant is usually a filled polymer compound transfer molded about the semiconductor die to provide mechanical support and environmental protection for the semiconductor die, may incorporate a heat sink in contact with the die, and is normally square or rectangular in shape.
Bare semiconductor dice are usually tested at least for continuity, and often more extensively, during the semiconductor die fabrication process and before packaging. Such more extensive testing may be, and has been, accomplished by placing a bare semiconductor die in a temporary package having terminals aligned with the terminals (bond pads) of the semiconductor die to provide electrical access to the circuits on the semiconductor die and subjecting the semiconductor die via the assembled temporary package to bum-in and discrete testing. Such temporary packages may also be used to test entire semiconductor wafers prior to singulating the semiconductor wafers into individual semiconductor dice. Exemplary state-of-the-art fixtures and temporary packages for semiconductor die testing are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,367,253; 5,519,332; 5,448,165; 5,475,317; 5,468,157; 5,468,158; 5,483,174; 5,451,165; 5,479,105; 5,088,190; and 5,073,117. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,367,253 and 5,519,332, assigned to the assignee of the present application, are each hereby incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference.
Discrete testing includes testing the semiconductor dice for speed and for errors that may occur after fabrication and after bum-in. Bum-in is a reliability test of a semiconductor die to identify physical and electrical defects that would cause the semiconductor die to fail to perform to specifications or to fail altogether before its normal operational life cycle is reached. Thus, the semiconductor die is subjected to an initial heavy duty cycle that elicits latent silicon defects. Bum-in testing is usually conducted at elevated potentials and for a prolonged period of time, typically 24 hours, at varying and reduced and elevated temperatures, such as −15° C. to 125° C., to accelerate failure mechanisms. Semiconductor dice that survive discrete testing and bum-in are termed “known good die,” or “KGD.”
As noted above, such testing is generally performed on bare semiconductor dice. However, while desirable for saving the cost of encapsulating bad semiconductor dice, testing bare, unpackaged semiconductor dice requires a significant amount of handling of these rather fragile structures. The temporary package must not only be compatible with test and bum-in procedures, but must also physically secure and electrically access the semiconductor die without damaging the semiconductor die. Similarly, alignment and assembly of a semiconductor die within the temporary package and disassembly after testing must be effected without semiconductor die damage. The small size of the semiconductor die itself and minute pitch (spacing) of the bond pads of the semiconductor die, as well as the fragile nature of the thin bond pads and the thin protective layer covering devices and circuit elements on the active surface of the semiconductor die, make this somewhat complex task extremely delicate. Performing these operations at high speeds with requisite accuracy and repeatability has proven beyond the capabilities of most state of the art equipment. Thus, since the encapsulant of a finished semiconductor die provides mechanical support and protection for the semiconductor die, in some instances, it is preferable to test and bum-in semiconductor dice after encapsulation.
A common finished semiconductor die package design is a flip-chip design. A flip-chip semiconductor design comprises a pattern or array of terminations (e.g., bond pads or rerouting trace ends) spaced about an active surface of the semiconductor die for face-down mounting of the semiconductor die to a carrier substrate (such as a printed circuit board, FR4 board, ceramic substrate, or the like). Each termination has a minute solder ball or other conductive connection element disposed thereon for making a connection to a trace end or terminal on the carrier substrate. This arrangement of connection elements is usually referred to as a Ball Grid Array or “BGA.” The flip-chip is attached to the substrate trace ends or terminals, which are arranged in a mirror-image of the BGA, by aligning the BGA thereover and (if solder balls are used) refluxing the solder balls for simultaneous permanent attachment and electrical communication of the semiconductor die to the carrier substrate conductors.
Such flip-chips may be tested and/or burned-in prior to their permanent connection to a carrier substrate by placing each flip-chip in a temporary package, such as those discussed above. As shown in
Furthermore, such a temporary package configuration is also insensitive to ensuring electrical connection to the temporary package of non-spherical/irregularly shaped solder balls, or different sized balls, in the BGA.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to develop improved methods and apparatus for use with flip-chip-retaining temporary packages, wherein the temporary packages can compensate for irregular solder ball shape and size, and reduce the risk of damage to the semiconductor device under test.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a method of forming interconnections for a temporary contact with a semiconductor die, wafer or partial wafer, wherein the interconnections are capable of receiving solder balls for testing and bum-in. The present invention can be used for both wafer level and chip level testing and bum-in, and other probe card technology employing silicon inserts, as well as silicon KGD inserts.
The interconnections are designed to be formed in a recess, preferably a sloped-wall (either smooth or “stepped”) via. Such an interconnection design compensates for under-sized or misshapen solder balls on the die under test to prevent a possible false failure indication for the die under test and reduces and reorients the stress on each solder ball when physical contact is made to its mating interconnection.
The inventive interconnections are preferably formed by etching the via in a passivation layer that is applied over an active surface of a semiconductor substrate, such as a silicon wafer, a partial wafer the same size or larger than a semiconductor die, or the like. The via may be etched to expose a conductive trace under or within the passivation layer. Alternatively, the conductive trace may be formed after the via is formed, wherein the conductive trace is formed on the exposed surface of the passivation layer and extends into the via. A metal layer, preferably of an oxidation-resistant metal such as gold, platinum, palladium, or tungsten, is formed in the via to contact the associated conductive trace and complete the formation of the interconnection.
The interconnection is preferably circular, as viewed from above, to receive the spherical solder ball, which protrudes partially within the interconnect when placed in contact therewith. Preferably, approximately 10% to 50% of the total height of the solder ball, and preferably about 30% of the total height, will reside within the interconnect. With a spherical solder ball in a smooth sloped-wall via interconnection, each solder ball will make a circular, or at least arcuate, line of contact with the interconnect surface about a periphery of the solder ball, rather than a single contact point. The circular contact distributes the force on the solder ball when the semiconductor substrate is biased against the insert carrying the interconnection in the temporary package, making damage to the solder ball or underlying bond pad less likely. Further, any oxide layer formed on the exterior surface of the solder ball will be more easily penetrated by the line of contact than through a single contact point effected with prior art interconnections.
With a solder ball received in a stepped-wall interconnection according to the invention, the solder ball may make multiple circular or at least arcuate contacts with the edges of the steps of the stepped interconnection, again facilitating electrical communication and piercing any oxide layer on the solder ball. Such multiple arcuate contacts further distribute the force applied to the solder ball during package assembly and subsequent testing.
In one embodiment of the invention, multiple passivation and trace layers are employed to accommodate small-pitched connection element arrays having as many as a thousand or more inputs and outputs (I/Os).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGSWhile the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the present invention, the advantages of this invention can be more readily ascertained from the following description of the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
The conductive trace 104 contacts external circuitry of the package base (not shown) through TAB tape, wire bonds, or other conductive structures, which transmit appropriate electrical signals for bum-in, testing, or the like. A passivation film 106 is formed over the dielectric layer 102, as well as the conductive trace 104, as shown in
As shown in
A layer of etchant-resistive photoresist film is applied over metal layer 120 and is then masked, exposed, and stripped to form an etchant-resistive block 122 over the via 114, as shown in
As shown in
This process is repeated until the step-by-step etching of the passivation film 148 results in the exposure of the conductive trace 146, wherein the photoresist film 150 and the lips (i.e., 158, 166, and others formed thereafter) are removed, resulting in the stepped via 172 shown in
As shown in
The discrete interconnection 178 has a staggered surface, which may contact the solder ball 180 at several contact lines 192 circling or partially circling the solder ball 180. The shape of the discrete interconnection 178 allows small solder balls 194 and misshapen solder balls 196, which are attached to bond pads 184 of semiconductor element 186, to still make extensive electrical contact with the discrete interconnection 178, as shown in
It is, of course, understood that the conductive traces such as 104, 146 need not necessarily be buried under the passivation films 106, 148.
The present invention may also be applied to multi-layer conductive trace configurations, as shown in
Although the present disclosure focuses on testing flip-chip-configured singulated dice, it is, of course, understood that this technology can be applied on a wafer or partial-wafer scale.
Having thus described in detail certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention defined by the appended claims is not to be limited by particular details set forth in the above description, as many additions, deletions and modifications thereto are possible without departing from the scope thereof.
Claims
1-12. (canceled)
13. A method of fabricating an interconnection structure on a substrate, the method comprising:
- etching a via to a selected size and shape in a passivation layer disposed on a substrate;
- forming a conductive trace in communication with the via; and
- forming at least one metal layer over a portion of the conductive trace within the via, over walls thereof and over a periphery of the surface of the passivation layer proximate the via to form an interconnection structure configured for receiving a portion of a substantially spherical interconnection element projecting from a surface of a semiconductor device to a height, wherein the interconnection structure is dimensioned to receive the portion of the substantially spherical interconnection element to an extent of approximately 10% to 50% of the height thereof.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the interconnection structure is dimensioned to receive the portion of the substantially spherical interconnection element to an extent of approximately 30% of the height thereof.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein etching the via comprises facet etching to form a via having sloped walls.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein etching the via comprises successive masking and etching steps to form a via having stepped walls.
17. The method of claim 13, further comprising forming a dielectric layer over the substrate, forming the passivation layer over the dielectric layer, and wherein etching the via in the passivation layer comprises etching the via through the passivation layer to proximate the dielectric layer.
18. The method of claim 18, further comprising forming the conductive trace over the dielectric layer prior to etching the via, and exposing a portion of the conductive trace by the etching.
19. The method of claim 13, further comprising forming the conductive trace over the passivation layer and into the via after etching thereof.
20. An article for contacting at least one interconnection element of at least one semiconductor device, the article comprising:
- a substrate having a passivation layer thereon;
- at least one conductive trace; and
- a metal-lined via comprising at least one layer of metal extending through the passivation layer and in electrical communication with the at least one conductive trace, wherein the metal-lined via is sized and configured to receive, without deformation, a substantially spherical interconnection element protruding to a height from at least one semiconductor device to a depth corresponding to approximately 10% to 50% of the height of the substantially spherical interconnection element and establish an electrical connection therewith at the depth by way of biased contact of only a portion of an interior surface of the metal-lined via with only a portion of an exterior surface of the substantially spherical interconnection element received therewithin.
21. The article of claim 20, wherein the metal-lined is configured of a size and shape to receive approximately 30% of the height of the substantially spherical interconnection element.
22. The article of claim 20, wherein the metal-lined via includes sloped sidewalls.
23. The article of claim 20, wherein the metal-lined via includes stepped sidewalls.
24. The article of claim 20, wherein the at least one conductive trace comprises copper.
25. The article of claim 20, wherein the passivation layer comprises polyimide.
26. The article of claim 20, wherein the metal-lined via comprises a metal from the group comprising gold, platinum, palladium, and tungsten.
27. The article of claim 20, wherein the passivation layer has a thickness of about 100 microns or less.
28. The article of claim 20, wherein the passivation layer has a thickness of about 20 to 25 microns.
29. The article of claim 20, wherein the at least one conductive trace extends over the passivation layer and into the via under the at least one layer of metal.
30. The article of claim 20, wherein the at least one conductive trace lies on a dielectric layer between the passivation layer and the substrate, and a portion thereof at a bottom of the via is in contact with the at least one layer of metal.
31. The substrate of claim 30, wherein the dielectric layer comprises silicon dioxide.
32. The article of claim 20, wherein the metal-lined via is sized and configured to establish the electrical connection only along at least one contact line consisting of the portion of the interior surface of the metal-lined via at least partially circling the portion of the exterior surface of the substantially spherical interconnection element.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 24, 2006
Publication Date: Nov 15, 2007
Inventor: Salman Akram (Boise, ID)
Application Number: 11/585,655
International Classification: H01L 23/488 (20060101); H01L 21/4763 (20060101);