Semiconductor Package With Rigid And Flexible Circuits
The semiconductor package includes a rigid circuit board substrate having a substrate first side and an opposing substrate second side. The package also includes multiple electrical contacts coupled to the substrate at the substrate first side. An adhesive directly contacts the substrate second side. A semiconductor device directly contacts the adhesive. At least one flexible conductor is electrically connected to the semiconductor device and to at least one of the electrical contacts. The flexible conductor extends from the first side to the second side of the substrate.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/056,535, filed Feb. 11, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELDThe embodiments disclosed herein relate to semiconductor devices, and in particular to a system and method for differentially routing high and low-speed signals between a semiconductor and a motherboard.
BACKGROUNDAs computer systems evolve, so does the demand for increased speed and performance. Since semiconductor packages (also known as integrated circuit (IC) or chip packages) continue to have a significant effect on system performance, packaging design has also continued to evolve to keep pace with the demand for increased performance. In fact, as system frequency and edge-rate speeds increase, package effects have become increasingly significant. These package effects present system designers with numerous challenges when designing packages. For example, system designers need to take into consideration: trace impedance, crosstalk, skew and mostly impedance discontinuities at the semiconductor-to-substrate interface, at the substrate itself and at the substrate-to-PCB (printed circuit board) interface.
The semiconductor-to-substrate interface in ball grid array (BGA) packages is usually made via bonding wires or flip-chip bumps. This creates impedance discontinuities at the semiconductor-to-substrate interface, which may be minimized with lower bump heights or shorter wire lengths. Similarly, solder balls at the substrate-to-PCB board interface also cause impedance discontinuities, which may be controlled using anti-pads on the substrate and/or PCB. However, these lower bump heights, shorter wire lengths or anti-pads increase design complexity and may not be suitable for some package constructions.
Furthermore, vias and dielectric materials used in conventional, low cost, laminate substrates also create problems for high-speed signaling. For example, through-hole vias that extend through multi-layer substrates often form unused portions or stubs that add parasitic capacitance and produce signal reflections, both of which degrade signal quality. Although back-drilling and other techniques may be used to reduce the stub portions of the vias, such efforts further increase manufacturing costs and may not be suitable or possible for some package constructions. More recently, ceramic substrates with smaller vias or substrates with controllable build-up layers and smaller vias have been used in BGA packages to control the impedance discontinuities for high-speed signals. However, these new substrates are usually very expensive. Accordingly, current substrates are either lost cost with low performance or high cost with high performance. Accordingly, a high performance, but low cost, substrate to be used in a semiconductor package would be highly desirable.
Moreover, as current package designs may include both high-speed and low-speed signals, not all of the signals require the detailed design attention given to high-speed signals. Accordingly, a system that only addresses package effects for high-speed signals would be highly desirable.
For a better understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Like reference numerals refer to the same or similar components throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTSThe following description details various semiconductor packages. In some embodiments, the semiconductor package includes a substrate, at least one electrical contact, a semiconductor device and at least one flexible conductor. The substrate has a substrate first side and an opposing substrate second side. At least one electrical contact is mechanically coupled to the substrate at the substrate first side, while the semiconductor device is mechanically coupled to the substrate at the substrate second side. In some embodiments, the electrical contacts are solder balls, solder lands or pins.
At least one flexible conductor is electrically coupled to the semiconductor device and to the at least one electrical contact. In some embodiments, the semiconductor package also includes at least one electrical trace on the substrate second side. In these embodiments the semiconductor device and at least one flexible conductor are electrically coupled to at least one electrical trace. The semiconductor device may also be electrically coupled to the electrical contacts through one or more vias passing through the substrate from the substrate second side to the substrate first side.
The various semiconductor packages all treat low-speed and high-speed signals separately. For example, the low-speed signals travel from a semiconductor low-speed interface on the semiconductor device to one or more wire bonds; from the one or more wire bonds to one or more vias; from the vias to one or more solder balls; and from the solder balls to a PCB (and vice versa). Unlike the low-speed signals, the high-speed signals travel from a semiconductor high-speed interface on the semiconductor device to one or more wire bonds; from the wire bonds to one or more micro-strip conductors on the second side of the substrate; from the conductors to a flex-tape; and from the flex-tape to the solder balls (and vice versa). Therefore, the high-speed signals avoid passing through the vias, thereby reducing impedance discontinuities, parasitic capacitance and undesirable signal reflections caused by the vias. In some embodiments, the high speed signals are electric signals that travels at 1 GHz frequency or higher.
The insulation layer may be made from FR4 (Flame Retardant 4) or the like. In addition, one or more vias 116 may form conducting pathways at least partially through the substrate, e.g., to electrically couple the first and second conductive layers 110, 112. The vias may be formed by any suitable technique, such as by drilling through the board at the appropriate place where two or more layers interconnect and allowing copper to run through the hole. The copper may coat only the sides of the hole or fill the entire hole.
The semiconductor package may also include one or more electrical contacts 118 mechanically coupled to the substrate first side 106. In some embodiments, these electrical contacts may be an array of solder balls, solder lands or pins, where the solder balls provide contact between the semiconductor package and the printed circuit board. In the embodiment shown in
The semiconductor device 102 is mechanically coupled to the substrate second side 108. In some embodiments, the semiconductor device 102 is mechanically coupled to the substrate second side 108 via a layer of die attach adhesive 126, which may or may not be thermally or electrically conductive depending on the specific application. In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
Moreover, a flexible conductor 130 is coupled to the substrate first and second sides 106, 108, respectively. Although the flexible conductor 130 may be a single layer. In some embodiments, the flexible conductor 130 is a multi-layer flexible tape (flex-tape), as shown in
In this embodiment, all three layers 132, 134, 136 of the flex-tape extend from the substrate first side 106 to the substrate second side 108. Also in this embodiment, the flexible conductor 130 wraps around at least one edge of the substrate 104. Accordingly, the flexible conductor 130 is bendable and able to be formed to fit around the edge of the substrate. This helps minimize the length of the flexible conductor 130, thereby decreasing any signal integrity losses. The flexible conductor 130 may be mechanically coupled to the substrate 104 using any suitable means, such as by bonding the flexible conductor to the substrate using an Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive (ACA) tape or by connecting the flexible conductor to the substrate with a mechanical clip.
In some embodiments, the flexible conductor first conductive layer 132 electrically couples the trace or conductor 122 at the substrate second side 108 to the trace or conductor 124 at the substrate first side 106. Accordingly, the semiconductor device is electrically coupled to the PCB 120 through the one or more wire bonds 128, trace 122, flexible conductor first conductive layer 132, trace 124, and one or more of the electrical contacts 118. This signal path is used to communicate high-speed signals between the semiconductor high-speed interface of the semiconductor device and the PCB 120. Accordingly, high-speed signals are routed through the flexible conductor 130 and not through the vias 116, thereby avoiding signal integrity problems associated with a signal path through the vias 116.
In the embodiment shown, the flexible conductor second conductive layer 134 may be used as a ground plane. In an alternative embodiment, the flexible conductor first conductive layer 132 may act as a ground plane, while the flexible conductor second conductive layer 134 may be used to communicate the high-speed signal. In this embodiment, the flexible conductor second conductive layer 134 is electrically coupled to the semiconductor device 102 through a wire bond 140, and is electrically coupled to one or more of the electrical contacts 118 through another wire bond or other conductor 142. Alternatively, the semiconductor device may be wire bonded to a trace or conductor 420 at the substrate second side 108, which is in turn wire bonded to the flexible conductor second conductive layer 408, as shown in
In yet another embodiment, both the flexible conductor first and second conductive layers 132, 134 may act as high-speed signal carriers. In a further embodiment, either of the flexible conductor first or second conductive layers 132, 134 may act as a ground plane, while the other layer acts as a high-speed signal carrier.
In some embodiments, the semiconductor device 102, wire bonds 128, 129 and at least part of the substrate second side 108 may be covered or encapsulated in a housing 138, such as with a molding compound. The housing may act as an insulator to protect the device and/or as a heat sink or spreader to dissipate the heat from the device.
In light of the above description, it can be seen that in some embodiments, high-speed signals travel from a semiconductor high-speed interface 131, along a bond wire to one or more traces on the substrate second conductive layer 112. The high-speed signals then travel from a conductive layer of the flexible conductor 130 to the edge of the substrate first side 106. Eventually, the high-speed signals travel to the PCB 120 through the nearest solder balls 118. In this way, the high-speed signals travel through the flexible conductor 130, avoiding travelling through the package substrate, with minimal impedance discontinuities.
The flexible conductor second conductive layer 408 is also electrically coupled to one or more electrical contacts 118 though a second wire bond or conductor 414. In this embodiment, the substrate first conductive layer 110 acts as a power plane while the substrate second conductive layer 112 acts as a ground plane (and vice versa). This is possible as the flexible conductor first conductive layer 404 does not electrically couple the substrate first and second conductive layers to one another, because of the air-gap between the first and second portions 422, 420, respectively. As in the embodiments described above, high-speed communication between the semiconductor high-speed interface of the semiconductor device and the electrical contacts 118 occurs through a conductive layer of the flexible conductor 402.
Furthermore, the semiconductor device 102 may be electrically coupled to the electrical contacts through one or more wire bonds 518 that are electrically coupled to traces 520 on the substrate that are in turn electrically coupled to a flexible conductor 516. The flexible conductor 516 is electrically coupled to the electrical contacts. Similarly, the semiconductor device 102 may also be electrically coupled to the electrical contacts directly through a flexible conductor 508 that wraps around the edge of the substrate 104, without first being connected to a wire bond and/or traces. Alternatively, or in addition, the semiconductor device 102 may be electrically coupled to the electrical contacts through another flexible conductor 504 that passes through a slot 506 in the substrate 104. In other words, the flexible conductor 504 need only electrically couple the semiconductor device near the substrate second side to the electrical contacts near the substrate first side, and need not wrap around the edge of the substrate 104. Therefore, depending on the number of the high-speed signals, flexible conductors, such as flex-tape, may be electrically coupled to the semiconductor at multiple locations and may wrap around any or all edges of the substrate, as well as pass through slots in the substrate.
As above, low-speed signals travel from the semiconductor device 702, through vias 776 in the substrate, and on to one or more electrical contacts 778. The high speed signals, however, travel from the semiconductor device 702, through one or more wire-bonds and/or electrical traces, through the flexible conductor, and then directly on to the PCB 720. This design further reduces any impedance discontinuities that may arise at the flexible conductor to electrical contact interface and at the electrical contact to PCB interface.
The flexible conductor 830 electrically couples the semiconductor package 800 directly to a printed circuit board (PCB) 820, such as a motherboard. In other words, one end of the flexible conductor 830 is electrically and/or mechanically coupled to the substrate and the other end is electrically and/or mechanically coupled to the PCB 820. The flexible conductor 830 may be coupled to the PCB 820 by any suitable means, such as by being soldered directly onto the PCB 820 or electrically coupled to the PCB 820 via one or more further wire bonds.
As with the semiconductor package described above in relation to
In one or more of the above described embodiments, both high speed and low or lower speed signals may be carried by one or more flexible conductors between a semiconductor device coupled to a second side of a substrate to electrical contacts on a first side of the substrate.
In further embodiments, the above mentioned semiconductor packages may be used in system-in-package (SiP) devices, e.g., where logical and memory devices are stacked within a single package.
While the foregoing description and drawings represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that various additions, modifications and substitutions may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims. In particular, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, and with other elements, materials, and components, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. For example, the proportional difference in size of the semiconductor package with respect to the semiconductor devices may be different, such that the semiconductor package is a Chip Scale Package (CSP), where the semiconductor package is housing that is slightly larger than the semiconductor device itself. For example, the semiconductor package may be no larger than 1.2 times the size of the semiconductor device itself. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, and not limited to the foregoing description.
Claims
1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
- a rigid circuit board substrate having a substrate first side and an opposing substrate second side;
- multiple electrical contacts coupled to said substrate at said substrate first side;
- an adhesive in direct contact with said substrate second side;
- a semiconductor device in direct contact with said adhesive; and
- at least one flexible conductor electrically connected to said semiconductor device and to at least one of said electrical contacts, where the flexible conductor extends from the first side to the second side of the substrate.
2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said substrate defines one or more vias extending at least partially there through.
3. The semiconductor package of claim 2, wherein said semiconductor device comprises at least one semiconductor low-speed interface electrically coupled to at least one of said electrical contacts through at least one of said vias.
4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said semiconductor device comprises at least one semiconductor high-speed interface electrically coupled to said at least one flexible conductor.
5. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising at least one electrical trace on said substrate second side, where said semiconductor device and said at least one flexible conductor are electrically coupled to said at least one electrical trace through one or more wire bonds.
6. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said semiconductor device is electrically coupled to said at least one flexible conductor through one or more wire bonds.
7. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said substrate is a multi-layer laminate circuit board.
8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said substrate has a substrate first conductive layer at said substrate first side and a substrate second conductive layer at said substrate second side, where said substrate first conductive layer and said substrate second conductive layer are separated by a substrate insulation layer.
9. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said electrical contacts comprise an array of solder balls, solder lands or pins.
10. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said at least one flexible conductor is mechanically coupled to said substrate.
11. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said at least one flexible conductor is wrapped around an edge of said substrate between said substrate first side and said substrate second side.
12. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said at least one flexible conductor is flexible tape (flex-tape).
13. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said flexible conductor comprises at least two flexible conductor conductive layers separated by a flexible conductor insulation layer.
14. The semiconductor package of claim 13, wherein at least one of said flexible conductor conductive layers is electrically coupled to said semiconductor device and to at least one of said electrical contacts.
15. The semiconductor package of claim 13, wherein at least one of said flexible conductor conductive layers acts as a ground plane.
16. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein said flexible conductor comprises:
- a flexible conductor first conductive layer electrically coupled to a semiconductor high-speed interface of said semiconductor device and to at least one of said electrically contacts;
- a flexible conductor second conductive layer configured to act as a ground plane; and
- a flexible tape insulation layer separating said flexible conductor first conductive layer and said flexible conductor second conductive layer.
17. A semiconductor package, comprising:
- a rigid circuit board substrate having a substrate first side and an opposing substrate second side;
- multiple electrical contacts coupled to said substrate at said substrate first side;
- a semiconductor device in direct contact with said substrate at said substrate second side; and
- at least one flexible conductor electrically coupled to said semiconductor device and to at least one of said electrical contacts, where the flexible conductor extends from the first side to the second side of the substrate.
18. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor device comprises a plurality of electrical connectors, and the plurality of electrical connectors is in direct contact with said substrate at said substrate second side.
19. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein said plurality of electrical connectors comprises a plurality of metal bumps.
20. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein said substrate defines one or more vias extending at least partially there through.
21. The semiconductor package of claim 20, wherein said semiconductor device comprises at least one semiconductor low-speed interface electrically coupled to at least one of said electrical contacts through at least one of said vias.
22. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein said semiconductor device comprises at least one semiconductor high-speed interface electrically coupled to said at least one flexible conductor.
23. The semiconductor package of claim 17, wherein said flexible conductor comprises:
- a flexible conductor first conductive layer electrically coupled to a semiconductor high-speed interface of said semiconductor device and to at least one of said electrically contacts;
- a flexible conductor second conductive layer configured to act as a ground plane; and
- a flexible tape insulation layer separating said flexible conductor first conductive layer an said flexible conductor second conductive layer.
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 7, 2008
Publication Date: Jun 26, 2008
Inventors: Ming Li (Fremont, CA), Sayeh Khalili (San Jose, CA), Donald R. Mullen (Mountain View, CA)
Application Number: 12/044,828
International Classification: H01L 23/12 (20060101);