Liquid nitrogen enabler

Abstract

A method and apparatus for using liquid nitrogen to render crises safe, as in circumstances of hostage crises, entering Methamphetamine labs, purging the accumulating toxic or flammable gases, ending the dispersal of substances from aerosols and capturing the material dispersed by condensing it and sealing it in containers for disposal, picking up spills by solidifying them or gelling the material and containing it for disposal—this includes Mercury spills, sealing and repairing broken pipes and dikes and dams, enabling a combustion engine to quit running, strengthening levee structures by freezing the core for the length of the levee or sandbag structure when severe crises occur, rapid cooling lava flows to structure the solid lava formation to something useful in that location, purging the coalmine fire environment of Oxygen to quell the long-term blaze while cooling subterranean structure to below freezing causing water crystals to loosen structure, treating industrial stack gas to capture acidics and use soot, water and Carbon dioxide components, air drop Liquid Nitrogen, freeze ordnance buried underground freeing it from target structure, and countering aircraft collision situations in tall buildings. These methods can apply in wider circumstances and are enabled by either aperture dispersal of Liquid Nitrogen or pre-pipe evaporation for rapid cooling as the Nitrogen gas emerges and is released safely into the atmosphere.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is an expanded, but continued application of Ser. No. 10/437,538, filed May 14, 2003, and entitled “Liquid Nitrogen Enabler.”

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a method of applying liquid nitrogen to crises and, more particularly, relates to a method of applying liquid nitrogen to eliminate Oxygen from airmass and to apply cold inert gas to freeze, condense and allow recovery of material.

2. Discussion of the Related Art

The sited related art is mostly for fires and is discussed in the prior continuation application Ser. No. 11/544,285. These patents include:

U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,278 to Cicanese,

U.S. Pat. No. 5,327,732 to DeAlmeida

U.S. Pat. No. 6,401,830 to Romanoff

U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,548 to Volker

The need has additionally arisen to provide a method of applying liquid nitrogen to capture hostage takers, other criminals in and amongst a crowd, and animals out of control safely protecting law enforcement personnel, hostages and the public at large.

Additionally, Liquid Nitrogen can be applied to flood a volume with cold, inert Nitrogen gas in the case of anticipated explosion such that, once people are suitably cleared either fixed Liquid Nitrogen dispensers or inserted dispensers fill the structure or vehicle with Nitrogen gas when there is an unsourced gas leak, Methamphetamine lab activity is suspected or flammables have spilled and remain out of control. Also here, a Nitrogen atmosphere may be maintained through volatile material leaching processes where both the solvent added and the contaminant material could ignite.

Additionally, there is a need to capture by application of cold, inert air released toxins, industrial smoke stack gases and soot, and flooding the porous ground to end coalmine fires gorging these materials into the atmosphere on long term bases.

Additionally, there is a need to recover materials in a spill, chemical or petroleum, so as not to long-term pollute the water or environment, preventing such dangers as fire, poisoning, or irritating pulmonary conditions.

Additionally, there is need to use the cold, inert gas to solidify material in a broken or ruptured pipe or containment, to design the stoppage properly to implement stop flow, trim the break, and apply permanent repair.

Additionally there is need to use the inert, cold gas to stop combustion engine machinery preventing firing of the cylinders, solidification of the fuel, and freezing of moving parts to end unwanted or out of control operation of machinery.

Additionally there is a need to air drop Liquid Nitrogen such that a cryogenically cold cloud of pure Nitrogen gas can be drawn into a burn or otherwise deployed to handle a situation needing fire control or cooling to subside a flow of inappropriate material.

Additionally, the need has arisen to solidify water in a barrier or threatening to be disturbed soil situation as a levee rated below weather conditions anticipated, as an example, or the ground where a mudslide is feared to initiate when heavy rains occur.

Additionally, using the pipe matrix, freezing an ice barrier to a small orifice flooding situation as a cracked dike or break in a dam.

Additionally, using pipe matrices, in catching lava flows such that the lava cools rapidly forming a preconceived structure that will have future usefulness in the new form and location.

Additionally, using a contained amount of Liquid Nitrogen for dispersal into a drilling in the ground freezes the ground and floods the underground with Nitrogen displacing any Oxygen source making extraction operations safer and ending fires.

Additionally, using Liquid Nitrogen cooling, stack gas can be separated into Carbon dioxide, water, soot components after the hot air passed through Calcium hydroxide filters to pull acidic gasses from the smoke of fuel burning plants.

And, finally, additionally, to employ helicopters to place trough systems in entrance portals from vehicles entering a structure and follow pouring Liquid Nitrogen from dewars lifted to the trough extension to flood the troughs with Liquid Nitrogen that disperses Nitrogen gas into the structure cooling it to solidify spilled fuels, end fires, and allow collection of the fuels to prevent explosions and to allow disposal of these fuels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, a method of using liquid nitrogen to flood and cool by dispensing liquid nitrogen as substantially small droplets for fast evaporation and applying it to crises so that the crises are handled and ended.

In one use for the second aspect of the invention, a method of stopping breathing in man and other mammals by eliminating Oxygen in the air they breathe, which stops Carbon dioxide release in the lungs, the triggering mechanism for the breathing reflex. Resuscitation is immediate once Oxygenated air is available and a stroke or two of Artificial Respiration is applied to draw it into the lungs. There is time to apply restraints before bringing dangerous beings back to consciousness and normal breathing.

In another use, the Nitrogen atmosphere is generated in defense against future explosion protecting those in the vicinity, those working the situation and the operation for ongoing use of flammables to insure safety and purity of the chemistry.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method of using the cold, inert air to cause toxins, industrial smokestack exhaust and cooling to extinguish long term coalmine fires can enable collection of gaseous or particle components of the air or smoke or condense it in the ground as coalmine fires become extinguished.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method of freezing liquid or gas in a ruptured pipe or one with a malfunctioning valve such that the contents of the pipe are frozen in place allowing trimming and capping the pipe. A second freezing can allow removing the caps on the pipe ends and installing the permanent repair. Once thawed, the pipe system is back in service.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method of using liquid nitrogen after being deployed by aircraft and showered into a developing tornado cloud, might instigate change in the threatening situation by changing to markedly reduce temperature and raise the air pressure to hinder or disrupt the formation of an effective tornado.

In another aspect of the present invention, a matrix of pipes set into soil or mixture of materials, which serve as the holding soil against mudslide or levee against floodwaters, when crises situations develop as extreme rains or Category #5 Hurricane, Liquid Nitrogen can be poured through the pipe system freezing the water in the soil to components making a concrete hard core the length, width and height of the pipe system.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method of applying a matrix of piping that with Liquid Nitrogen running through it will freeze water making a barrier or blockage for a small orifice flooding situation like dike breakage or dam rupture. This matrix can be frozen in a slow flow area and drawn into the fast flow at the orifice and guided to lay flat against the ruptured dike or dam segment. As long a Liquid Nitrogen flow continues through the matrix, the ice barrier should hold back the water. Making the matrix cup shaped may allow dike or dam repair before melting the barrier.

To control the flow and leave a desired structure at the end of a lava flow, piping can be set in place ahead of the lava mass in the direction it moves, such that when the pipes are approached, Liquid Nitrogen can be pumped through them cooling first the pipes and then the lava encountering the pipe system to solidify the flow molding it and, using the pipes after solidification to carry water and wiring, a lava stone structure stands.

To control air contamination for existing fires, whether it be long-term coal mine fires or industrial smoke stack sprewing of materials in the air, Liquid Nitrogen can flood the burn zone for coalmine fires and can instantly cool and condense stack gas emissions.

Only Nitrogen can be effective in these circumstances because of the homophobic nature of the Nitrogen molecule (N.sub.2). Whether in liquid or gaseous state, a mass of Nitrogen will expel other materials. In liquids, watching a blob of Liquid Nitrogen, I have seen white kernels and black masses accumulating but never mixing with or becoming a solute with Liquid Nitrogen the solvent. The white kernels are both ice—water frozen—or dry ice—Carbon dioxide frozen. Black kernels can be dirt, soot, anything that is carried by, but not mixed in with, Liquid Nitrogen.

Gaseous Nitrogen as it is generated will stay in a homogeneous cloud of Nitrogen unless a disrupting wind of five miles an hour or stronger whips it into a mixture of air gases, as swirling in Oxygen, Argon, water, Carbon dioxide, and other components. It is this exclusivity, homophobicness that allows the Nitrogen cloud to eliminate Oxygen from a fire, from breathe intake, from combustion engines requiring Oxygen in the air mix, and from a potential explosion situation. In engineering dispersal of a toxin to the point where it is ineffective, if that is a desired thing, Nitrogen gas will clear away other components of the air.

Neither Liquid nor Gaseous Nitrogen conducts electricity so putting out spark gap ignition works effectively as when one floods a building with a discovered gas leak or flammable materials as in a methamphetamine lab. It also solidifies or gels greases and oils rather than splattering them as happens when water is poured on a burning hydrocarbon. These wonderful traits of Liquid and Gaseous Nitrogen make it possible to end crises without fear of changing the nature, the shape, the composition, or dissolving anything that is causing the crisis or staging the situation to initiate a crisis.

These and other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and accompanying drawings, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent like parts throughout, and in which:

FIG. 1 shows a half-circle pre-set Liquid Nitrogen dispenser having flooded a building where hostages have been taken. Emergency responders have adequate Oxygen masks in hand to enter the building and resuscitate everyone and handcuffs and any other restraints for the hostage takers. This can apply to Methamphetamine Labs as well.

FIG. 2 shows precautionary flooding with Nitrogen gas, areas where an explosion may be anticipated either on discovery of a situation or, when operating chemical processes with flammables, one chooses to work in a cold, inert, defined atmosphere.

FIG. 3a is a view of direct Liquid Nitrogen rain on an aerosol spewing a toxic substance freezing the substance in the can. A mason jar with cap can contain the frozen aerosol to prevent further disbursement of the toxic substance.

FIG. 3b is a view of the sieve for direct application on a toxin cloud, which could be supplemented with cold water, if needed, to condense the toxin out of the air. The frozen toxin crystals or pellets can be shovelled up and sealed in containers for disposal.

FIG. 4a is a view of the sieve for cooling a spill to gel or solidify the material for pick up.

FIG. 4b shows cleanup if the surface doesn't allow easy removal of solidified material, flood the area with water to lift the spill and then solidify it using a skimmer to pick up the material.

FIG. 5 shows a sequence used to stop the flow from a ruptured pipe, sealing the broken ends followed by refreezing and repairing the breakage and returning the pipe to service.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of how to put combustion engine machinery out of operation by flooding air intake with Nitrogen gas and, at the same time, severely cooling engine and battery.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an aircraft delivering a quantity of Liquid Nitrogen for dissipating into the path of a fire draft so it is pulled into a major fire in that draft with the design of the dispensing units preventing in-flight icing by encasing the cryogenic outflow with pure Nitrogen from prior evaporated Liquid Nitrogen in the inner piping.

FIG. 8 is a pipe matrix, this one installed in soil or composition structure as a suspected mudslide area or levee holding water back. When crises threaten, Liquid Nitrogen is run through the pipe systems freezing the suspected mudslide areas or levees.

FIG. 9 shows another pipe configuration, which, when Liquid Nitrogen runs through will freeze water forming an ice cover for a dike break or dam rupture, and, not shown, allow for repair while frozen and then melting the ice when dike or dam is fixed. The pipe matrix extended across water can hold the sandbags freezing them into a dam.

FIG. 10 is yet another pipe configuration which is designed to sculpture a lava flow when it reaches it, to allow a useful permanent structure once the lava flow solidifies. The front component shows new lava flow. In back, the finished form.

FIG. 11 shows quick, inplace contructed pipe matrix for cryogenically cooling sandbag dams where the pipe will be constructed, then sandbags added to top of pipes, and then, prior to the water rising over the structure, Liquid Nitrogen is evaporated and the cryogenic gas cools the pipes and freezes the water and sand mixture in the sandbags making an impenetrable dam. Continuing the Nitrogen application until the water subsides can prevent flooding better than just sandbagging alone.

FIG. 12 shows the means to penetrate the ground as for controlling a coalmine fire with Nitrogen which reduces the burn until the fire is out. This configuration can also freeze fuel containing seams—coal, oil shale, peat, landfill—to contain evaporated fuels having the Nitrogen gas move to the heated area and carry evaporated fuels in central pipe to surface for condensing.

FIG. 13a shows the normal coal burning smokestack with smoke and soot drop.

FIG. 13b shows means to capture the industrial smoke stack emissions, condensing them before they enter the atmosphere to pollute the air. Reuse of captured components is recommended. One such use is running components through a green house system. Capturing the water from the smoke lets the particulates drop. Carbon dioxide run through a lighted greenhouse will cause plants to photosynthesize exchanging the Carbon dioxide for Oxygen. The water irrigates the plants. The soot can be mixed into the soil or compressed into charcoal shapes and burned.

FIG. 13c shows details of the condensing system with the filter, water condensers and piping removing the gaseous Carbon dioxide, liquid water, and bucket of soot.

FIG. 14 shows means to cool underground to make buried ordnance safer to remove. Here is shown a wellstem with ordnance tied to it, using a water cutter to cut ties and a flood of Liquid Nitrogen in a pipe with radiator fins to cryogenically cool ordnance and solidify material in the pipe.

FIG. 15 shows insertion of troughs into a tall building where airliner penetrated with helicopters delivering Liquid Nitrogen to solidify the aviation fuel for shoveling into containers and ending any resulting burn. Also, the fire extinguisher-type unit can be used in elevator shaft to solidify and prevent further burning of any fuel leaking into the shaft.

FIG. 16 shows fuel spill pickup on the water with the Liquid Nitrogen solidifying the fuel—or other liquid material that floats—and the ramp bringing the solid chunks aboard and depositing them in barrels where, when melted, they can be reprocessed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A First Embodiment of the Present Invention

Turning now to the drawings and initially to FIGS. 1-7, a method of applying Liquid Nitrogen to a region using a spaced-hole sieve applying Liquid Nitrogen in droplets upon material needing cooling to condense, gel or solidify. The holes 11 are provided so that upon introduction of the liquid nitrogen into the pan 10, the liquid nitrogen flows to fill the pan leaking out of the holes 11 under the force of gravity, thus generating an area of “raining” Liquid Nitrogen falling towards the surface below. The application of Liquid Nitrogen in this manner will generate a substantially gaseous application of Nitrogen, thus resulting in a substantial volume of inert Nitrogen gas forming a pure Nitrogen cloud, and cooling the air and the surrounding surfaces.

Turning now to FIG. 1, an exemplary illustration Liquid Nitrogen use as a non-lethal weapon here in a human crisis as a hostage crisis or Meth Lab entry where the fixed Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 10 is filled with Liquid Nitrogen 1 from a dewar 16 and cryogenic hose 13 applied from outside the building. The Liquid Nitrogen 1 flows into the dispenser 10 through the spaced holes 11 dropping to the floor. As the Liquid Nitrogen drops through the warm air, it evaporates forming the gaseous Nitrogen cloud 2 which progressively fills the space. As the application continues, the adjacent room where people 4 are located floods with Nitrogen and the lack of Oxygen in the air breathed triggers a lung based reflex that sets the person unconscious when the Oxygen-Carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs ceases. All parties in the Nitrogen atmosphere will enter a coma phase as they breathe pure Nitrogen gas. This makes it imperative that those applying the Liquid Nitrogen be prepared to enter the building and to administer Oxygenated air to those in Nitrogen coma within six minutes of being stricken. That is sufficient time to handcuff and otherwise restrain criminals as hostage takers or Meth Chemists and to cage aggressive animals restrained in this way. All afflicted must be provided the Oxygenated air and a few strokes of artificial respiration to bring them around to consciousness.

This Nitrogen Coma situation protects those caught in situations like explosive mixtures in the air preventing their further breathing in the flammable gases and in fires from breathing in the smoke toxins and even the burning gases in the air which will ruin the lungs to normal function, exacerbate Asthma conditions and weaken pulmonary function. Among industrial accidents, in the confined space category, Nitrogen asphyxiation is a leading cause of deaths—around 61% of the Oxygen depleting deaths. Where in methods in this patent application, we are using the condition to make capture safer and prevent lung damage in crises, in industrial accidents deaths happen when one person sees another down. The first assumption is “Heart Attack” and a co-worker hastens to their side only to be breathing the same Nitrogen gas, deplete of Oxygen, and later people find both normally healthy workers dead. If only OSHA and other safety groups would warn people to prepare for Oxygen depletion and grab an Oxygen mask for themselves and one for the victim, then these circumstances would not be a death threat in industrial situations. If the person was in Nitrogen Coma, they would be recovered with application of the mask and a few strokes of artificial respiration. If the person had a heart attack, then the CPR and other procedures can be applied to the person breathing well. The American Heart Association would not entertain industrial defibulator installations having a few Oxygen masks in the emergency kit to prevent the Oxygen depletion deaths in the workplace. That is most unfortunate.

A few more items shown in FIG. 1 include what might be used were the first responders bringing the Liquid Nitrogen dispensing unit to the scene. Developing an opening in a window 31 or wall 37, one uses a wind-indicator pole 30 with light-weight ribbons that droop with no wind 3 as for ribbon 39, or blow away from the wind 38 when in the breeze. After the Liquid Nitrogen dispensing unit is inserted in the opening 31, to prevent outside air from mixing with the Nitrogen gas, a covering 32 is inserted to block airflow from outside the target area in the building. An inserted dispenser can be markedly smaller and more stealth than what is shown 10, so as not to arouse curiosity.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention wherein a facility 40, here resembling a silo or storage chamber, where a flammable situation may develop, as with accumulating Methane Gas in a corn storage unit, has a built in Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 14 into which a dewar of Liquid Nitrogen 16 is emptied such that gaseous Nitrogen 2 displaces other gases accumulating in the facility 40, purging the explosive gases as it billows out from the pressure of the Nitrogen gas dispensed into the chamber. The funnel, 10, is built into the fixed Nitrogen dispenser system 14. The expanded views of the fixed system 14 include the spaced sieve holes 11, and trough walls 18 inside for sliding adjustment and 19 outside to seal Liquid Nitrogen in the trough. Had the Falk Corporation used a Liquid Nitrogen rather than a water sprinkler system in their aging facility in Menomonee River Valley industrial area in Milwaukee in late fall, 2006, the gas leak that occurred might have not exploded damaging vehicles and buildings over a mile from the site. They got everyone out. Then they should have flooded the facility with Nitrogen before the four member repair crew, who perished in the explosion, went in. It would have been safe because the Nitrogen gas would pillow the leaking natural gas in bunches surrounding it with an Oxygen depleted atmosphere which couldn't support an explosion. It also won't support electrical shorts which might ignite the gas.

Turning now to FIGS. 3 through 5 where sequences of application are shown designating the order of events using letters in alphabetical order. FIGS. 3 and 4 have two sequences to handle situations of toxin release and spill cleanup options. FIG. 5 takes one through handling a broken pipe incident from stopping the flow, picking up the spill, and on refreezing the pipes, taking off the caps and inserting the repair segment of the pipe to put the system back in working order.

Looking at FIG. 3, FIG. 3a, an aerosol 5 is representing spewing toxin 50 in a situation like a subway tunnel. Once discovered, the attendant should have a Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 15 and a ring unit 55 that tucks tightly to the ground or concrete keeping the Nitrogen gas around the aerosol to hasten cooling when Liquid Nitrogen 1 is applied. As the Nitrogen evaporates, the extremely cold, inert gas quickly cools the aerosol which stops the toxin release. Once this stops, the attendant can try to close the aerosol can or can lift the aerosol with the tongs 53 and place the aerosol in a jar 64 and applying the tight fitting, leak-proof cover 65. This act reduces the total toxin released by the amount that was frozen in the aerosol before it was sealed in the jar to safely transfer to authorities for testing and disposal. Toolkit for Toxin capture: Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 15 filled with Liquid Nitrogen 1; ring unit 55; tongs 53; jar 64 and cover 65.

FIG. 3b shows means to reduce the toxin content of the gas released by the aerosol 5 or by any other means. Not shown is a water vaporizer which might aid the toxin capture if sprayed on the toxin cloud 51. Cooling the cloud by dispensing the Liquid Nitrogen just above it will cool the air such that the toxin might condense to liquid and, maybe, depending on what the toxin is, then crystallize and fall like snow or pellets 52. The water vapor added may hasten the pellet formation of some toxins. Once condensed, the toxin can be shoveled up. Aspirating the pellets might release the toxins undoing the capture. Flakes or pellets 52 are shoveled up into jars 64 and sealed with tight fitting caps 65. Again, the contained toxins should be turned over to authorities for identification and disposal. Toolkit for Toxin Cloud capture: Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 15 with Liquid Nitrogen 1, water vaporizer, shovel 54, jar 64 and tight fitting cap 65.

FIG. 4 contains two ways of picking up a spill 6. The first in FIG. 4a shows a spill that can be scraped off the surface with a shovel 62 after the spill is gelled or solidified 60. This method can work effectively in the event of Mercury spills. The second in FIG. 4b shows a spill that has to be first lifted to the surface of water 61, like most organics, using pliable base, open bottomed containment 66 which snugs to the surface preventing the water 61 or spill 6 from leaking out. Once the water 61 is in the containment 66, which is placed over the spill 6, the spill rises to the top. Then the Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 15 is used letting Liquid Nitrogen droplet streams drop over the spill cooling the spill with the evaporating Nitrogen until it gels or solidifies 60. A skimmer with holes or slots to release as much water as possible is used to skim the gel or solid from the water surface and to place it in jars 64 which can be tightly sealed with a cap 65. Toolkit to collect spills: Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 15 with Liquid Nitrogen 11; shovel 62; skimmer 63; pliable base, open bottom containment 66, water 61 to fill the containment in a jug 67; and jars 64 and tight fitting caps 65.

FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the present invention is used to stop the flow from a broken pipe, seal it, then refreeze the contents and apply the fix so the pipe is again functioning in the system. Steps a through e stop the flow from the pipe. Then e1 and e2 show cleaning up the spill from the pipe. Image f shows the pipe stopped so no further spill is experienced. Images g through j show the sequence to uncap the pipe and insert the repair pipe segment. Image k shows the repaired pipe back in service. Pipe 7 experiences a break 70 which causes a spill 6. The Liquid Nitrogen dispenser applies Liquid Nitrogen into a double pronged hammock like canvas material catch 72 which cradles the cold, inert Nitrogen around the two segments of the broken pipe. This stops the flow from the pipe segments by freezing the pipe contents 71. Caps 73 are inserted on both ends of the broken pipe. The second stage of pipe repair starts with again cooling the pipe segments with the catch 72 using the Liquid Nitrogen 1, removing the caps and inserting a pipe segment 74, pushing it up the pipe a ways and then bringing it to the center covering the break 70. It is soldered or adhesive sealed in place. Once the frozen pipe contents 71 thaw, the repaired pipe 75 is back in service. Toolkit required for pipe flow stop and repair includes the Liquid Nitrogen Dispenser 15 with Liquid Nitrogen 1; the dual-pronged canvas catch 72; two caps 73 to fit the pipe; the shovel, jar and cap to remove the spill; and the repair pipe segment 74 to fit the pipe and the solder, torch, or adhesive to seal the repair part in place.

Referring now to FIG. 6 another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, wherein the present invention is used to control combustion engine vehicles 76 by creating a Nitrogen gas cloud 2 by dispensing Liquid Nitrogen 1 from a unit 15 in such a manner that the Nitrogen gas 2 enters the engine area and goes into the air intake 77 of the vehicle 76 engine. This will stop the engine. It would be a method of stopping the engine if one left one's car keys in the vehicle and locked the door. Once help to enter the vehicle is gotten and one enters the vehicle, the Nitrogen gas is gone and the vehicle should start when turning the keys without any problem.

FIG. 7 shows a means for a cloud seeding aviation group to possibly change the character of a major fire with an aircraft 78 containing a Liquid Nitrogen dewar 16 of vast capacity with cryogenic piping from the dewar out the rear of the aircraft to multiple dispersing nozzles 11 which let the Liquid Nitrogen 1 stream out the back and evaporate filling the cloud system with Nitrogen gas. Theoretically, with 4,000 gallons of Liquid Nitrogen dispersed into a serious storm cloud, 1,000,000 gallon volume of Nitrogen gas is added to the air crossing the air draft into the major fire countering with temperature the inferno and displacing the Oxygen that allows the fire to continue to burn.

2. A Second Embodiment of the Present Invention

Referring now to FIGS. 8-11 we use the brute force of freezing water or solidifying lava to mitigate the crises of hurricane or loose barge damage to levees and holding the soil in place where mudslides might originate in heavy rains shown in FIG. 8; the freezing of a plug or high side cap on a dike breakage or dam rupture in FIG. 9; and the structuring of the potential solidification of lava in a lava flow region in FIG. 10. Nitrogen dispersal equipment here, following the funnel catching the dewar output, is mainly piping placed in advance in the levee and mudslide vulnerable areas; put in place at the event of a dike breakage or dam rupture to match the size and convolution of the structure; and designed and set in place as the lava flows toward it considering in its design the configuration of the lava bed after the flow is solidified in place. This last lava effort calls for real dynamic architecture.

FIG. 8 shows the advance installation pattern of pipes 8 placed in holes 80 in the levee. These holes are recommended to go into the ground somewhat deeper than the levee to insure it doesn't slide downstream once the ice/gravel block is frozen. The pipes 8 penetrate the depth of the hole and extend above the surface clearing the water during construction. The system must be sealed, water tight, and be dry inside to prevent ice blockage. Once the double row of pipes are installed the width of the levee or distance preferred, then the holes with the pipes in them are filled with gravel. And, with the holes filled, then the tops of the pipes are covered to six inches over the pipe cross sections 81 as shown in gravel addition 83. The double funnel 10 is capped at one end of the levee where a Liquid Nitrogen truck can dump its load of Liquid Nitrogen as the crisis threatens. Also, the exhaust ends 20 of the pipe are capped and clear the top. When the system is being filled, caps at both the funnel 10 and the exhaust end 20 of the system must be removed. A chimney cover to prevent water entering the exhaust end is needed and a mixing fan installed to mix the air at the exhaust end of the pipe system to disrupt any pure Nitrogen clouds 2 that might cause Nitrogen Coma in any life in the vicinity of these pipes. A fan mixing the air at a speed over five miles per hour will blend the Nitrogen in the air which, as you know contains 78% Nitrogen. The zigzag pattern run double with hole spacing twice the peripheral freezing range will, if the spacing between hole margins is eighteen inches and having parallel zigzag lines should allow a four foot thickness of the freeze zone 84 for the depth of the pipes plus six inches at the bottom and six inches at the top by the width these pipes are installed. If the gravel/ice block 84 is the full width of the levee, then when a crisis occurs where levee strength is critical, that size solid block of gravel and ice is formed by administering Liquid Nitrogen in advance of the situation and keeping the Liquid Nitrogen flowing through the duration of the crisis. The explanation of this method of increasing the strength of levees was proposed to FEMA Asst. Director Michael Brown Jun. 7, 2005. Aug. 18, 2005, FEMA turned down the request to test the method. Katrina, a Category #5 Hurricane, hit August 28 and August 29 New Orleans levees failed. Halliburton's repair of the levees is up to but not beyond Category #3. The US Army Corps of Engineers has the request to test this method, but to date has not done so. California is reported levee problems currently with levees built before their recorded history. This method might strengthen these old levees in times of crisis. The cost of piping the levees might be less than replacing them and getting them to the strength needed to withstand the type storms anticipated in these present days.

FIG. 9 shows a make-shift piping arrangement built in place to match the size and contour of a dike or dam 86 which has ruptured 85 causing flooding below the dam from the reservoir of water retained by the dam or dike. Looking at the structure 8 consisting of a network of pipes with spools 82 that allow Liquid Nitrogen 1 passage to other pipes extending from the spool, it is fed Liquid Nitrogen through the funnel 10 which passes through the pipes 8 which cool the water 61 in its vicinity to freezing. The resulting evaporant, gaseous Nitrogen 2, passes out of the pipe network at exhaust pipes 20. Depending on the flow speed of the water at the break 85, the pipe network 8 can be cooled at the break thus freezing to the dike or dam where it sits closing the opening by its presence before, in the line of water flow, the break 85, or, if the flow erodes the forming ice 84 forming, the pipe network 8 can be iced aside of the break in calmer waters and then with ropes attached be pulled into the flow stream going through the break 85 to cover the break and there ice itself to the high water side of the dam or dike. Liquid Nitrogen dewar 16 can arrive by barge or truck with pumps inside the dewar forcing Liquid Nitrogen in the cryogenic hose 13 feeding the Liquid Nitrogen 1 to the funnel 10 and into the pipe network 8. If a space can be architected into the pipe network between the ice and the dam or dike structure, the break 85 can be repaired while the ice 61 is in place. During repairs, the Liquid Nitrogen flow into the pipe network must be maintained. Once the repair to the break is completed and set, Liquid Nitrogen can be withheld so the ice melts and the pipe network 8 can be pulled from the water and dissembled and stored for another event when it is needed.

During writing of the original Liquid Nitrogen Enabler patent submitted May 14, 2003, a dike on a Michigan Upper Peninsula river flowing into Lake Superior ruptured emptying a reservoir of water into a town on the shore flooding the community. The raging waters filled that area of the Lake with silt. Power generation feeding the region south to include Green Bay Wis. was affected by the loss of water in the reservoir. This technique applied early in the situation might have reduced the damage the dike breakage cost. This US Army Corps of Engineers structure was old and monitoring its condition had been lax. Having this technique to recover from another breakage may make it safer for those downstream dikes and dams if and when they give way. It also will retain much of the water in the reservoir and prevent the flood damage downstream.

FIG. 10 presents a scaffolding to sculpture lava flow into solid lava rock. It too is a pipe network 8 for Liquid Nitrogen 1 which is put in place where lava is anticipated to flow after the eruption of a volcano. The pipe scaffolding 8 can be erected well ahead of the lava flow 87. As the flow arrives, as shown in FIG. 10a, the hot flowing lava 87 encounters the super cold pipe network cooled by the flow of Liquid Nitrogen 1 from the dewar 16 via the cryogenic hoses 13 pouring it into the funnel ends 10 on the pipe network 8 with gaseous Nitrogen 2 escaping the pipe network through the open vertical pipes 20. The Liquid Nitrogen application to the pipe network should anticipate the lava flow arrival 87 by a few hours to insure a complete cooling of the pipe network. Without that the pipes will melt with the super high temperature of the lava flow. As the lava 87 encounters the cryogenically cold pipe network, it solidifies around the pipes forming solid lava rock 88. The rock is cooled with continuing Liquid Nitrogen flow through the system solidifying more and more lava rock. After considerable time the structure can appear as shown in FIG. 10b where only the funnels 10 which are a distant outside the lava flow and the vertical Nitrogen gas exhaust pipes 20 show outside the lava rock. Clever planning of the structure of the solidified lava 88 can create a lake 89 above the lavabed 88 where future lava flows can solidify before overrunning the structured lavabed. Structures like this might protect villages down mountain from frequently erupting volcanos or can protect villages from the current lava flow by arresting the flow as shown. Post eruption, these sites can be developed taking advantage of the pipe infrastructure of the lavabed for providing wiring and water supplies as needed.

FIG. 11 shows piping appropriate for sandbag dam fortification with cryogenic freezing. Pipes 8 are connected with fleece rings saturated with fabric-metal adhesive which will seal the pipe junction 89 where holes 88 allow the gases to pass continuing the cooling of the pipe system from the origin of Liquid Nitrogen evaporant application to the expressed outflow of the warmed Nitrogen gas. The sandbag contents and water freeze into a concrete-solid structure until the Liquid Nitrogen application stops and it melts, sandbags removed and emptied, and the pipes are removed. With a liquid that would release the glue joints, the pipes could be reused, otherwise they are recycled.

3. A Third Embodiment of the Present Invention

Turning now to FIGS. 12-13, a third embodiment of the present invention is illustrated wherein Liquid Nitrogen is used to flood the porous ground in the vicinity of long-burning coal mine fires and in capturing the water, Carbon dioxide and soot from smoke stack emissions, both providing means to maintain cleaner air. Once a coalmine fire is extinguished, the remaining coal can be mined. Once the stack gas from industry burning coal is processed rather than let go free in the atmosphere, the air will clear proportional to the captured gas vs. other emissions in the area.

FIG. 12 shows two coalmine fire mitigation drillings with separation between them recommended at 25 feet and depth of the drilling starting where the temperature is at boil water temperature 212.degree F. As the application of Liquid Nitrogen through the paced dispersion of the dispenser 12, the drilling bottom cools and further drilling takes the depth to again where water boils. This drilling cool when cooled is drilled further into the rock/soil layers over the coalmine until boiling water temperature is again reached. The drill routine continues until the holes penetrate to the mine below that is burning or to where the temperature does not reach boiling water. The Coalmine Fire Liquid Nitrogen dispenser 12 inverts the dewar 16 with a stop flow insert that trickles the Liquid Nitrogen 1 into the cup. When the cup is full, it drops by gravity emptying the Liquid Nitrogen 1 into the sieve unit 11 sending droplets of Liquid Nitrogen 1 down the drilling 92 where it evaporates into Nitrogen gas 2 filling the drilling and working its way into the porous rock above the coalmine fire 90. As long as the coalmine fire burns, coalmine fire emission 9 as a mix of water, Carbon dioxide and partially burned hydrocarbons is leaked into the air. The excess Liquid Nitrogen in the delivery truck before it returns for refill over the weeks of application, should empty its contents into the mine shaft of the burning coalmine. The entrances or tunnels between the burning area and outside or areas of the mine that are not burning should have tarpaulins blocking air passage into the coalmine fire tunnels. This way the evaporating Liquid Nitrogen emptied into the mine can increase the Nitrogen content of the air in the coalmine fire tunnel to the point that the Oxygen is depleted. This should stop the burn augmenting the flooding of the porous rock cover of the mine with Nitrogen gas as shown in FIG. 11 again depleting the Oxygen from the ground source above the mine. It is anticipated that several weeks of application working a large matrix of drillings 92 over the burning coal mine should mitigate the fire and eventually cause it to be extinguished. A bid to quell the Monroeville Pa. fire by drilling all the intersections of a 25 acre matrix over the mine with intersections occurring along lines at 25 foot sections was turned down in favor of surface mining the area until the entire burning coal volume was uncovered. This cost ten times the bid made using this method. Their excavation method reportedly did quell that coal mine fire. Pennsylvania still has eleven more coalmine fires that have burned for years. Perhaps budget considerations might give this method favor in the future. Colorado is reported to have about 250 actively burning coalmines and worldwide there are many more slowly emitting noxious substances and Carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

FIG. 13 shows means to control industrial smoke stack emissions into the atmosphere. The inventor grew up in Green Bay Wis. where the paper mill smoke stacks belched noxious gases over the city aggravating her asthma condition throughout the year. Emerging economies are now plagued with these stack gas emissions throughout the world.

The theory behind the design of the stack gas scrubber is that the water in the air from the burning of coal or other heat processing burn carries the soot and other contaminants by adhesion. When water is crystallized into ice, its bonds release the soot as the ice forms on the condensing coils cooled to with Liquid Nitrogen to water freezing temperatures. Carbon dioxide will stay in gaseous form until it reaches around −109.3.degree. F. so it can be released into controlled airflow conditions into a brightly lighted, plant filled environment where the Carbon dioxide is exchanged for Oxygen in photosynthesis making robust plant growth and reducing the Carbon dioxide emissions from the smoke stack/scrubber system.

Viewing one configuration for the scrubber system in FIG. 13, we have in FIG. 13a the current practice factory 94 with smoke stack 93 with smoke emission 9 spewing from the stack causing smoke stack gas 91 to flood the air. Installing the Liquid Nitrogen scrubber system as shown in FIG. 13b, we see the same factory 94 with an abbreviated smoke stack 93 covered with a roof from which three pipes emerge. The vertical pipe 99 drops soot into a barrel for reprocessing or use as soil. The diagonal pipe 97 disperses water into greenhouse 22 to irrigate the plants 24. The near horizontal pipe 98 releases Carbon dioxide into the greenhouse for consuming in photosynthesis by plants 24 during lighted conditions. The truck 23 is taking produce 25, fruit and vegetables, from the greenhouse 22 to market. And the greenhouse gases emitted from the greenhouse have reduced levels of Carbon dioxide and increased levels of Oxygen and the Nitrogen gas emitted in the cooling process. It is close to standard atmospheric content levels and does not induce smog conditions.

FIG. 13c shows the inner workings of the scrubber system with the smoke stack 93 abbreviated and capped to release its gas into the condensing coils 21 where, when they are cold, ice 96 forms as the water in the stack gas condenses and freezes. This freezing releases the soot in the stack gas which falls on the tarp feeding it into the soot pipe 99. The condensing coils 21 are cooled alternatingly by filling them from the dewars 16 when they are to cool down. The Liquid Nitrogen 1 flow stops so the stack gas can warm the coil allowing the ice 96 formed while the condensing coil 21 was cold will melt, drip down into the troughs feeding into the water pipe 97. The Carbon dioxide laden gas in the stack gas flows out of the scrubber structure in pipe 98 feeding that component into the greenhouse for photosynthesis to convert it to plant bulk and exchanging it for Oxygen. The condenser coils have the dewar 16 input of Liquid Nitrogen 1 and the outgas tubes 20 releasing Nitrogen gas 2 which exits either above the scrubber containment or inside mixing with Carbon dioxide carrying it at a less concentrated level into the greenhouse.

For safety of the workers in the greenhouse environment lower percentages of Carbon dioxide is preferred since breathing high concentrations of Carbon dioxide causes panting and really large lung capacity breathing that is not normal. Mixing the Nitrogen 2 and the Carbon dioxide will still feed the plants the Carbon dioxide, but its dilution will prevent the breathing frenzy in people and animals and any reaction plants might have to concentrated levels of Carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gas output will then be more in line with standard atmosphere air with Oxygen produced in photosynthesis, some escaping Carbon dioxide along with that given off in respiration, Nitrogen, and water vapor given off by the plants and evaporated from irrigating the soil or growth medium. This can clean the air if applied consistently over all the smoke stacks and other polluting burning in a region elected to have its air quality improved.

FIG. 14 shows means to remove ordnance buried and attached to underground features like an oil well stem as shown here. The Liquid Nitrogen carrying pipe 100 has drill fins to allow its penetrating the ground to the vicinity of the ordnance 101 which is cooled by the released Liquid Nitrogen 2, along with the contents of the well stem 104 making its contents solid and less apt to increase any explosion that may occur. Water cutter 102 is used to cut the tie 103 holding the ordnance against the well stem. Pulls to remove the freed ordnance can emerge from the Liquid Nitrogen delivery pipe once the ordnance is sufficiently cooled to be withdrawn safely to the surface of the ground.

FIG. 15 is rather a wish to have had this method available in New York City on Sep. 11, 2001 when the World Trade Center towers were attached with two airliners. Helicopters 105 could bring troughs to the entrance level of the aircraft into the building 106. The portion outside the building is solid bottomed trough 11 and inside the perforated trough 14. Helicopters 105 then carry dewars 16 of Liquid Nitrogen which travels down a cryogenic pipe 13 to the solid trough 11 and flows down the trough into the building 106. The puddled aviation fuel 60 solidifies when the evaporated Nitrogen gas at cryogenic temperature 2 contacts it. Also the Nitrogen gas ends any fire with the cryogenic temperatures quickly countering any inferno fire conditions. A second application is made in the elevator shaft 107 using a dewar 16 and pipe to flood a sieve pan 10 releasing the Liquid Nitrogen 1 that evaporates into cryogenically cold Nitrogen gas 2 and solidifies fuel 60 coming down the shaft to the floor of the elevator shaft. Had this method been practiced in New York City at that time, the two towers may have been left standing and the people escaped. The contention would have been who would remove the aircraft from the office space. Whether repairs could have been made to continue using the facility is not known.

FIG. 16 details means to remove a water insolvent liquid 6 on the sea, fresh or salt water 61. A ship has a dewar 16 of Liquid Nitrogen 2 on deck with barrels to hold the polluting liquid 6 which is carried to the deck on a conveyor 52 as a solid material and melts in the barrels. The Liquid Nitrogen 2 is carried in a solid trough 11 to the cross member out in front of the ship which is perforated trough 14 which lets the Liquid Nitrogen 2 rain in droplets and evaporate into cryogenically cold Nitrogen gas 1 which freezes the pollutant 6 on the water 61.

Many changes and modifications could be made to the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. The scope of some of these changes can be appreciated by comparing the various embodiments as described above. The scope of the remaining changes will become apparent from the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of using liquid nitrogen to control crises comprising the steps of:

a. securing the liquid nitrogen in a carrier;

b. dispensing the liquid nitrogen to an applying unit, wherein the applying unit is a generally either a pan or elongated structure and comprises a plurality of apertures and the liquid nitrogen flows unimpeded from the carrier into and through the applying unit; and

c. applying liquid nitrogen to a situation needing cooling to control the crisis as droplets formed by gravity through the plurality of apertures of the applying unit evaporate and in so doing transfer the coldness to the air as the super cold, inert gas floods the space containing the crisis.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dewar is larger conveyed by truck or boat or aircraft or stationary tank mounted higher than the dispersal system which feeds the aperture containing pan or trough system feeding large quantities of Liquid Nitrogen where needed.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the Nitrogen gas dispersal disbursed from an aircraft with the applying unit into the fire draft of a major fire to disrupt the driving infernos and starve the fire of Oxygen.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the Nitrogen gas dispersal disbursed from a leading position in front of a ship solidifies material spilled on the water, and, following the trough position is a conveyor which carries the frozen material to the deck and into containers where they melt and are contained and shipped for refining or disposal.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of ensuring that the liquid nitrogen droplets are dispensed from a distance such that the droplets have substantially evaporated prior to reaching the surface.

6. A method of capturing the gaseous Nitrogen after it evaporates such that the coldness and inertness can affect the target crisis most effectively by encircling the crisis with a ring with a sealing bottom that conforms to the surface thus keeping the coldest Nitrogen gas in contact with the item to be cooled to solidify or gel contents or other function, or having a hammock-like sling under a pipe structure needing its contents frozen with one or more volume regions to hold the coldest Nitrogen gas.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein item cooled, once solid or gelled, can be transferred to a sealable container to safely move the item and dispose of its contents appropriately.

8. The method according to claim 6, that applies the containment device to hold water to float a spill on a surface it can't be easily recovered from to allow it to be floated on the water, then solidified with Liquid Nitrogen cooling and gathered from the water surface into sealable containers to safely move and dispose of its contents.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a dispersal of Nitrogen into an environment where a crisis is occurring can subdue people and animals, in the space for safe capture or to protect their lungs from breathing corrosive or dangerous substances when administrators of the dispersal are prepared with sufficient Oxygen masks to rescue those affected by the action making this a non-lethal weapon or tool.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Nitrogen gas can be generated in an air intake region of a combustion engine of a vehicle to cause the engine to quit running.

11. A method of dispersing Liquid Nitrogen into an entrance to a pipe system whereby the cryogenically cold gas enters the pipe system causing freezing of the pipe environment and, at the same time, allowing safe exit of the expanding gaseous Nitrogen.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the frozen environment can be the core of a levee or gravel dam whereby a block of solid ice and gravel in time of crisis can increase the holding strength of said levee or dam during the crisis and as long as application of Liquid Nitrogen is continued to retain this strength.

13. The method according to claim 11 wherein a pipe system is constructed to freeze with application of Liquid Nitrogen a cap for a break in a dike or dam causing water to freeze on the pipe system and the pipe system to be applied over the gap resulting from the break from the high water side of the dike or dam.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the pipe system cap in place on the broken dam or dike can allow repair of the break while continued application of Liquid Nitrogen holds the ice structure stable, and once repaired, application stops, ice melts and pipes removed.

15. The method according to claim 11 wherein a pipe system for cryogenic Nitrogen can be designed to quell a lava flow, or other high temperature liquid which is solid at normal temperatures, such that a structure can be created as the hot lava passes onto the pipe system that is useful once the material is solidified and cooled to normal temperature.

16. The method according to claim 11 wherein a pipe system for cryogenic Nitrogen can be constructed where sandbagging is anticipated to build a dam to hold back expected rise in water levels such that once the sandbags are placed within the structure and on top, the Liquid Nitrogen is applied and the cryogenic Nitrogen gas freezes the water and contents of the sandbags to produce an impenetrable structure holding back rising water.

17. The method according to claim 16 whereby the pipe structure is held together with fleece loops flooded with metal to fabric sticking glue allowing air in one pipe to feed into another flooding the pipe structure with cryogenic temperature Nitrogen gas.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen is applied directly to a pan, wherein the pan comprises a plurality of apertures such that the liquid nitrogen rains down over into a pipe structure, into a drilling in the ground or over a fire flooding it with inert gas providing means to lower the temperature to freezing producing a strong, solid structure, or causing ground and rock contained water to crystallize fracturing material, or counter inferno temperatures in fires and reduce Oxygen content of air in burn.

19. A method of scrubbing stack gas from factory or coal burning generator chimneys comprising the steps of:

a. capping the chimney with cap that can contain the necessary processing equipment,

b. filtering the acidic content through calcium hydroxide to clear corrosives,

c. cooling the stack gas with Liquid Nitrogen condensing coils to freeze the water content of the gas,

d. catching the falling soot and other particulates in a funnel feeding into a pipe leading to a disposal container,

e. cycling the cooling with warm up phase on the condensing coils so that the ice on the coils can melt and flow away as water into a situation where the water can be used,

f. directing the Carbon dioxide and remaining gaseous contents of the stack gas out of the cap area and into a Carbon dioxide capturing or use situation like, for example, in a lighted greenhouse so plants take in Carbon dioxide and give off Oxygen during photosynthesis,

g. when using a greenhouse garden situation for the receiving end of the stack gas capture, tend the plants, market the produce, flowers or whatever to pay the costs of the Liquid Nitrogen needed to drive the stack gas capture system.

20. A method of cooling ordnance underground using a hollow drill which carries Liquid Nitrogen to the level Of the ordnance cooling it to an inert state, disentangle ordnance connected to underground structure with a water cutter and pull the cryogenically cold ordnance to the ground level in the path of the hollow drill.

21. The method, according to claim 2 of, first, inserting a trough system into the entrance hole in a structure of a fueled vehicle, and, second, carrying contained Liquid Nitrogen via helicopterapplying Liquid Nitrogen into said trough system thus solidifying spilled fuels, extinguishing any fires and preventing further ignition, all of which allows first responders and others to contain the fuel by shoveling up the gelled—solid fuels into containers and conveying them away, thus removing that danger from the situation.

22. A method for safely using any of the Liquid Nitrogen techniques of having Oxygen masks available to protect persons from breathing the Nitrogen cloud pure Nitrogen, and when the Nitrogen cloud is applied to protect them from toxins, flammable gases that might explode and such other situations where these methods are used including fires where

a. oxygen masks are worn by those entering the environment where Nitrogen clouds develop,

b. those entering these Nitrogen environments carry sufficient Oxygen masks to resuscitate any life that is caught in the Nitrogen situation,

c. when providing the Oxygen mask to a person in Nitrogen Coma, they set the mask in place and provide sufficient strokes of artificial respiration to return the person to consciousness,

d. once conscious, they see that these persons leave the circumstances keeping the Oxygen mask in place until they are clear of the Nitrogen clouds.