DATA CENTRE COOLING APPARATUS
Embodiments of the present invention provide a data centre, comprising data centre air directing means for directing data centre air from the data centre through a first side of one or more heat exchangers; external air directing means for directing external air from external to the data centre through a second side of the one or more heat exchangers; and adiabatic cooling means for adiabatically cooling the external air prior to entering the one or more heat exchangers, such that the external air flowing through the second side of the one or more heat exchangers indirectly cools the data centre air flowing through the first side of the one or more heat exchangers. Embodiments of the present invention may be realised in which the data centre is a moveable data centre.
This application claims priority to and benefit of Great Britain patent application 0818404.6 filed Oct. 8, 2008, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
BACKGROUNDCurrently, the storage of sensitive information, such as credit card numbers and Data centres are environments in which computing equipment is located. Typically, a data centre houses a plurality of computers arranged in fixtures, such as racks. Each computer may include a combination of components, such as one or more processors and associated memory devices, storage devices such as magnetic or optical based storage devices, and one or more communication devices.
Due to the concentration of computing equipment in a data centre, cooling is required in order to maintain a temperature within the data centre under an acceptable level. However, data centre cooling consumes a significant amount of energy and may also require significant infrastructure support. In the case of a moveable data centre, such as that portably housed within a container or the like, suitable infrastructure support may not be available at a location at which it is desired to operate the data centre.
It is known to cool data centres by means of mechanical refrigeration-based systems including air conditioning units arranged inside the data centre. For example, direct expansion (DX) or chilled water air conditioning systems are often utilised in data centres. However, such systems require significant installation effort and have high running costs. In some data centres, it has been determined that a Power Utilisation Effectiveness (PUE), calculated by total data centre energy consumption/computing equipment energy consumption, was 2.15, which equates to the cooling energy accounting for approximately 38% of the energy expended on running the data centre.
It is an object of embodiments of the invention to at least mitigate one or more of the problems of the prior art.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present technology for securing data centre cooling, together with the description, serve to explain principles discussed below.
The drawings referred to in this description should not be understood as being drawn to scale unless specifically noted.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTSReference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present technology, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the present technology will be described in conjunction with various embodiment(s), it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the present technology to these embodiments. On the contrary, the present technology is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments as defined by the appended claims.
Furthermore, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present technology. However, embodiments of the present technology may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present embodiments.
Referring to
A data centre 110 represents a substantially enclosed volume, such as one or more rooms, in which computer equipment is operatively located. Typically, the computer equipment comprises one or more servers, data storage devices and communications equipment, although the present invention is not limited in this respect.
The data centre 110 comprises one or more air outlets 120 through which data centre air is exhausted from the data centre 110. In the embodiment shown, the data centre 110 comprises one outlet 120, although it will be realised that other numbers of outlets may be envisaged. In some embodiments, air may be forcibly expelled from the data centre 110 by means of one or more fans located either within the data centre 110, in a mouth of each outlet 120, or in a mouth of an inlet. The outlet 120 is in fluid communication with an inlet 130 via a data centre air circuit 140 through which air extracted from the data centre 110 is cooled and returned to the data centre 110 at a lower temperature.
The data centre 110 is internally segregated or divided into cool and warm air portions. Airflow is generally unidirectional from the cool portion to the warm portion. Airflow between the cool and warm portions is directed via the computer equipment to provide cooling thereto, such that the air entering the warm portion is at a higher temperature than that in the cool portion.
The data centre air circuit 140 comprises one or more air-to-air heat exchangers 142, 143. In the shown embodiment, the data centre air circuit comprises two heat exchangers 142, 143, although other numbers of heat exchangers may be envisaged. In some embodiments, the heat exchangers 142, 143 are counter-flow plate-type heat exchangers. Airflow through the data centre air circuit 140 is directed through a primary side of each heat exchanger 142, 143 whilst external air is directed through a secondary side of each heat exchanger 142, 143, such that the heat exchangers 142, 143 operatively reduce the temperature of the air from the data centre 110 passing there-through. The data centre air circuit 140 may further comprise a fan 141 to circulate air around the data centre air circuit 140. In some embodiments, the fan 141 may be a variable speed fan to control a speed of airflow through the data centre air circuit 140. For example, depending upon a ratio of data centre air temperature to the temperature of cooled external air flowing through the opposing side of the heat exchanger, a relative speed of airflow may be changed by the fan, such that cooling of the data centre air is improved.
An external air circuit 150 of the cooling system 100 comprises an air intake 151 through which air external to the data centre 110 enters the external air circuit 150, an outlet 152 through which air is exhausted from the external air circuit 150 and an adiabatic cooler 154. The adiabatic cooler 154 operates to cool air passing there-through by an adiabatic process. Adiabatic cooling of the air passing through the external air circuit 150 is achieved through humidification of the air passing through the adiabatic cooler 154. In some embodiments, adiabatic cooling may be performed through a spray process whereby a mist of water droplets is sprayed into the external air passing through the adiabatic cooler 154. However, in other embodiments, the adiabatic cooler 154 comprises a water supply providing water to a porous membrane to keep the membrane wet. Airflow through the adiabatic cooler 154 is passed through or over the membrane such that evaporation of the water held therein takes place. A decrease in the temperature of the air passing through the adiabatic cooler 154 takes place as a humidity of the air increases.
In the embodiment shown in
A method of operating the system of
The air entering the external air circuit 150 via the inlet 151 is external or outside air at a prevailing ambient temperature and moisture content. For example, air at point 1 indicated within a circle in
The mixing damper 156 prevents excessive cooling and/or dehumidification of the air passing around the data centre air circuit 140 due to the external air having an ambient temperature, which is too low. For example, if the external air has a low ambient temperature, for example of 1° C., then excessive cooling and/or dehumidification of the air in the data centre air circuit 140 may occur. To prevent this, the mixing damper 156 regulates a flow of air in the recirculation channel. When the external air has an ambient temperature, which is below a predetermined value, a portion of the air moving toward the outlet 152 is recirculated to mix with air prior to entering the adiabatic cooler 154 to increase the temperature of that air. Thus a temperature differential between the air flowing through opposing sides of the heat exchangers 142, 143 is reduced which prevents excessive cooling/dehumidification of air in the data centre side of the heat exchangers 142, 143.
Advantageously, embodiments of the present invention provide cooling to the data centre 110 at most times with reduced energy consumption requirements. Embodiments of the present invention do not, depending upon location and climatic conditions, require cooling of water or refrigerant. It is envisaged that embodiments of the present invention have a PUE of around 1.2-1.3. This would result in an energy saving of approximately 75% over conventional refrigeration based systems. As a consequence, the cooling energy would account for approximately 15% of the energy expended in running the data centre. Furthermore, isolation of the data centre air circuit 140 reduces a possibility of external pollution entering the data centre 110 and it is not required for air conditioning units to be located inside the data centre 110, thus increasing a useable area inside the data centre 110.
It is envisaged that embodiments of the present invention will provide sufficient cooling for the data centre 110 at most times. However, at some times, depending on a geographical location of the data centre 110 and/or a time of year, the temperature of the external air may be sufficiently high that adiabatic cooling does not sufficiently reduce the temperature of the external air to sufficiently cool the data centre air. Therefore, a supplementary cooling coil may be included in the data centre air circuit 140, for example between heat exchanger 143 and inlet 130, to selectively aid cooling of the data centre air. The supplementary cooling coil may be a direct expansion type, or a chilled water type, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
An embodiment of the present invention for cooling a moveable data centre will now be described with reference to
A moveable data centre may in some embodiments be a containerised data centre wherein computer equipment may be housed within a shipping container type structure. In other embodiments, a moveable data centre may by be a wheel-mounted container, such as a wagon or truck trailer. Other moveable data centres may be those mounted on or within a vessel, such as a ship. A moveable data centre may also be known as a portable on-demand data centre.
Referring to
The second compartment 320 is arranged below a floor 314 of the first compartment 310. An air outlet 315 is arranged in the floor 314 of the warm air portion 313 to allow warm air to be exhausted into the second compartment 320. An air inlet 316 is provided in a region of the floor 314 adjacent to the cold portion 312 of the first compartment 310 to allow cooled air to enter the first compartment 310 from the second compartment 320. Thus, cool air flows from the cool portion 312 through the computer equipment 311 absorbing heat there-from as it passes into the warm portion 313 of the first compartment 310. Warm air is exhausted from the first compartment 310 via the outlet 315 into the second compartment 320 and cooler air re-enters the cool air portion 312 of the first compartment 310 having been cooled in the second compartment 320.
A first heat exchanger 321 is arranged below the air inlet 316. A second heat exchanger 322 is arranged below the outlet 315. In some embodiments, the first and second heat exchangers 321, 322 are air-to-air cross-flow heat exchangers. The heat exchangers 321, 322 may be plate-type heat exchangers. The first and second heat exchangers 321, 322 are arranged in an external air channel 323. In some embodiments, the external air channel 323 is substantially linear between opposing sides of the data centre 300. First compartment 310 air is arranged to flow through a primary side of each heat exchanger 321, 322, whilst external air is arranged to flow through a secondary side of each heat exchanger 321, 322. The heat exchangers 321, 322 each operate to indirectly transfer heat from air exhausted from the first compartment 310 to external air. Air leaving the primary side of the second heat exchanger 322 is directed into a data centre air channel 330 below the external air channel 323 in the second compartment 320. Air flow in the data centre air channel experiences a turning motion through substantially 180° to enter the first heat exchanger 321. The fan 327 operates to drive air from the warm air portion 313 downward through the second heat exchanger 322 through the second compartment and upward through the first heat exchanger 321 into the cool air portion 312.
Air external to the data centre 300 enters the external air channel 323 via an inlet 324 at a first end thereof and flows through the external air channel 323 passing through the secondary side of each heat exchanger 321, 322. An adiabatic cooler 326 is arranged in the external air channel 323 prior to the first heat exchanger 321. The adiabatic cooler 321 is arranged to cool external air entering the external air channel 323 by an adiabatic process, as described with reference to the preceding embodiment. Thus, the external air flowing through the external air channel 323 is cooled prior to entering the first heat exchanger 321 to absorb heat from the airflow of the first compartment 310 passing through the primary side of the heat exchangers 321, 322. A first fan 327 is arranged below the second heat exchanger 322 to draw air through the second heat exchanger 322 from the warm portion 313 of the first compartment 310. A second fan 328 is arranged in the external air channel 323 between the first and second heat exchangers 321, 322 to move air through the external air channel 323 and heat exchangers 321, 322. In some embodiments, the first and second fans 327, 328 are variable speed fans to control a speed of airflow through the heat exchangers 321, 322 for optimum heat transfer. In order to efficiently direct air in the data centre air channel 330 between the first and second heat exchangers 321, 322 one or more airflow directors 329, such as turning vanes, may be arranged in the data centre air channel 330 to direct airflow there-through.
With reference to
A further embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
A moveable data centre 400 is divided vertically into first 410 and second compartments 420. A construction of the data centre 400 is as in the last-described embodiment 300 unless otherwise stated and comprises upper and lower compartments 410, 420, first and second heat exchangers 421, 422, with a fan 428 there-between, and an adiabatic cooler 426 arranged in an external air channel 423 comprising an inlet 424 and outlet 425. Below the external air channel 423 is a data centre air channel 430 allowing the circulation of air from the upper compartment 410 between the heat exchangers 421, 422 that is aided by a fan 427 below the second heat exchanger 422. Air circulates from a warm air portion 413 of the upper compartment 410 via an outlet 415 in a floor 414 of the upper compartment 410 and is returned to a cool air portion 412 of the upper compartment 410 via an inlet 416.
In contrast to the previously described embodiment, computer equipment 411 is mounted in an open-cabinet support structure wherein the computer equipment 411 is suspended in spaced-apart relation without enclosure. In order to segregate the cool 412 and warm 413 air portions of the upper compartment 410, a front-face region of the open-cabinet forms a vertically extending barrier from floor to ceiling which separates the cool 412 and warm 413 air portions. Advantageously, this arrangement allows larger heat exchangers 421, 422 to be used. The front-face of the open cabinet is arranged in alignment with a rear of the first heat exchanger 421 so that cool air there-from is expelled into the cool air portion 412. However, since the open-cabinet does not comprise a rear wall, the second heat exchanger 422 is able to extend under the open-cabinet and computer equipment 411, thus allowing larger heat exchangers 421, 422 to be used.
Referring to
A moveable data centre 500 is shown which comprises first 510 and second 520 compartments, wherein the first compartment houses computer equipment 511 as in the previously described embodiments. However, the first compartment 510 is arranged in vertical alignment below the second compartment 520 and divided there-from by a ceiling 514 of the first compartment 510. As in previously described embodiments, the first compartment 510 is divided into cool 512 and warm 513 air portions with substantially unidirectional airflow there-between via the computer equipment 511.
An external air channel 523 is arranged in a lower region of the second compartment 520 and comprises first 521 and second 522 heat exchangers, and an adiabatic cooler 526 prior to the first heat exchanger 521 to cool external airflow entering an inlet 524 of the external air channel 523. External air is exhausted through an outlet 525 of the external air channel 523 at an opposing end thereof from the inlet 524. The second heat exchanger 522 is located above the warm portion 513 of the first compartment 510 and the first heat exchanger 522 is located above the cool portion 512 of the first compartment 510. Data centre air leaving the second heat exchanger 522 enters a data centre air channel 530 in an upper region of the second compartment 520, before entering the first heat exchanger 521. A first fan 527 is arranged above the second heat exchanger 522 to draw air upward from the warm portion 514 through a secondary side of the second heat exchanger 522. A second fan 528 is arranged between the first and second heat exchangers 521, 522 to drive the flow of external flow through the external air channel 523 via the first and second heat exchangers 521, 522.
Warm air present in the warm air portion 513 is caused to naturally rise through the second heat exchanger 522 into the data centre air channel 530, thus less assistance may be provided by the first fan 527 to the data centre airflow due to a thermosyphon effect. As data centre airflow leaves the second heat exchanger 522 it naturally falls, due to its cooling, and is directed through the first heat exchanger 521 into the cool portion 512 of the first compartment 510.
Referring to
A moveable data centre 600 comprises first 610 and second 620 compartments. The first and second compartments 610, 620 are arranged in side-by-side arrangement. The first compartment 610 is divided into cool 612 and warm air 613 portions. Computer equipment 611 is supported in a mounting structure, such as a rack, which partially defines the cool air portion 612 along with associated dividers to segregate the cool air portion 612 from the warm air portion 613. Air flows from the cool air portion 612 to the warm air portion 613 via the computer equipment 611, such that it cools the computer equipment 611. The second compartment 620 is generally vertically divided by first and second heat exchangers 621, 622 into an external air channel 623 and a data centre air channel 630. An inlet 624 of the external air channel 623 is arranged in a lower region of the second compartment 620 and an outlet 625 of the external air channel 623 is arranged in an upper region of the second compartment 620. The inlet 624 and outlet 625 of the external air channel are arranged in an end face of the data centre 600. The external air channel 623 comprises a fan 628 to circulate external air from the inlet 624 to the outlet 625 via the external air channel 623 and primary sides of the first and second heat exchangers 621, 622. Air is caused to, at least partially, naturally move between the inlet 624 and outlet 625 along the external air channel due to the relative vertical arrangement of the inlet 624 and outlet 625 and the heating of air as it passes through the heat exchangers 621, 622. Meanwhile, air from the warm air portion 613 of the first compartment 610 enters a primary side of the second heat exchanger 622 and is cooled as it passes there-through before travelling in a generally downward direction through a data centre air channel 630 in the second compartment which is located in a end region thereof. Data centre air passes through the secondary side of the first heat exchanger 621 and enters the cool air portion of the first compartment 612. A fan 627 is arranged in the cool air portion 612 to direct airflow through the computer equipment 611, to the warm air portion 613 and through the heat exchangers 621, 622.
As noted previously, in certain conditions, particularly when the external air is of a sufficiently low temperature with respect to the data centre air, excessive cooling of the data centre air and/or dehumidification thereof may occur. In order to at least partially ameliorate this, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
As shown in
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to data centres which house a single row of racks or cabinets therein, embodiments of the present invention may be envisaged which house two or more rows of racks or cabinets. The two or more rows may be arranged substantially parallel or perpendicular to a direction of airflow.
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a data centre, an apparatus and method for cooling a data centre, which allow efficient cooling of the data centre air to be performed.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed. The claims should not be construed to cover merely the foregoing embodiments, but also any embodiments, which fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A data centre, comprising:
- data centre air directing means for directing data centre air from the data centre through a first side of one or more heat exchangers;
- external air directing means for directing external air through a second side of the one or more heat exchangers; and
- adiabatic cooling means for adiabatically cooling the external air prior to it entering the one or more heat exchangers, such that the external air flowing through the second side of the one or more heat exchangers indirectly cools the data centre air flowing through the first side of the one or more heat exchangers.
2. The data centre of claim 1, comprising recirculation means for controllably allowing at least some of the external air to recirculate through the second side of the one or more heat exchangers.
3. The data centre of claim 1, wherein the data centre is a moveable data centre.
4. The data centre of claim 3, wherein the data centre air directing means comprises a region of the moveable data centre separated from a region of the data centre storing computer equipment.
5. The data centre of claim 3, wherein the external air directing means comprises an external air channel arranged between first and second opposing sides of the data centre.
6. The data centre of claim 5, wherein the adiabatic cooler and the one or more heat exchangers are arranged in the external air channel.
7. The data centre of claim 2, wherein the recirculation means comprises at least one recirculation channel arranged generally alongside the external air channel having a mixing damper arranged therein for controllably allowing air from proximal to an outlet of the external air channel to recirculate to an area of the external air channel proximal to an inlet thereof.
8. The data centre of claim 1, wherein a region of the data centre storing computer equipment is segregated into cool and warm air portions and airflow between the cool air portion and the warm air portion is substantially via the computer equipment.
9. The data centre of claim 8, comprising an outlet arranged in a warm air portion of the region of the data centre storing computer equipment to exhaust data centre air there-from, a conduit to direct the data centre air through the first side of the one or more heat exchangers to an inlet arranged in the cool air portion.
10. The data centre of claim 5, wherein the external air directing means comprises a plurality of external air conduits each having an adiabatic cooling means and one or more heat exchangers arranged therein.
11. The data centre of claim 1, wherein the adiabatic cooling means comprises means for increasing a moisture content and lowering a temperature of the external air passing there-through.
12. The data centre of claim 11, wherein the adiabatic cooling means comprises one of a porous medium having water supplied thereto or spray means for spraying water droplets into the external air.
13. An apparatus for cooling air from a data centre, comprising:
- one or more heat exchangers having at least two separate channels there-through, a first channel of the one or more heat exchangers for receiving an airflow from the data centre and a second channel of the one or more heat exchangers for receiving a second airflow; and
- one or more adiabatic coolers for cooling the second airflow prior to it entering the second channel of the one or more heat exchangers.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, comprising a recirculation channel for allowing at least some of the second airflow to recirculate through the second channel of the one or more heat exchangers.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the recirculation channel comprises a mixing damper for operatively controlling a passage of air there-through.
16. The apparatus of claim 13, comprising a conduit for receiving external air, channelling the external air to the adiabatic cooler and the one or more heat exchangers, and exhausting at least some of the external air.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, comprising at least one fan arranged in the conduit for moving external air there-through.
18. The apparatus of claim 13 comprising at least one fan for circulating air from the data centre, through the first channel of the one or more heat exchangers and returning the air to the data centre.
19. A method of cooling a data centre, comprising:
- directing external air through at least one adiabatic cooler to reduce a temperature whilst increasing a humidity of the external air;
- directing air output from the at least one adiabatic cooler to a first side of one or more heat exchangers; and
- directing air from the data centre to a second side of the heat exchanger separate from the first side, such that heat is absorbed from the data centre air flowing through the second side by air flowing through the first side.
20. The method of claim 19, comprising recirculating at least some of the external air output from the one or more heat exchangers to the adiabatic cooler.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 7, 2009
Publication Date: Oct 7, 2010
Inventors: Robert TOZER (Kingston upon Thames Surrey), Luke NEVILLE (Colchester Essex)
Application Number: 12/575,323
International Classification: F28D 21/00 (20060101);