System and Method for Multiplexing PDH and Packet Data
A method of efficiently combining data from at least a plurality of a first type of data source and a second type of data source. The method comprises synchronizing the plural first type of data sources to thereby generate a synchronized data rate, providing a frame having plural bit positions, assigning the synchronized first type of data in ones of the bit positions of the frame, and arranging the second type of data in the frame as a function of the synchronized data rate.
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The present application is a continuation application of and claims benefit to U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/826,609, filed Jun. 29, 2010 and entitled “System and Method for Multiplexing PDH and Packet Data,” which is a divisional application of and claims benefit to U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/032,078, filed Jan. 11, 2005 and entitled “System and Method for Multiplexing PDH and Packet Data,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,782,812, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUNDDigital transmission of signals has become widespread. To this end, a variety of digital transmission media are available which have different transmission characteristics and different information capacity. In order to make efficient use of the various transmission media, a hierarchy of transmission systems has been developed which operates at different transmission bit rates. In North America, the hierarchy includes the DS 1 signal transmitted at 1.544 Mb/sec, the DS2 signal transmitted at 6.312 Mb/sec and the DS3 signal transmitted at 44.736 Mb/sec on multiple T1 channels. In Europe, a similar but different hierarchy includes multiple E1 channels transmitted at 2.048 Mb/sec.
The digital signals to be transmitted over a medium enter and leave the digital hierarchy by means of a signal conversion apparatus. In order to go from one digital transmission rate to a different digital transmission rate, one or more multiplexing steps may be required.
For high capacity transmission, it is desirable to efficiently combine or multiplex a plurality of one or more of the digital signals in the hierarchy without the need for intermediate multiplexer (demultiplexer) stages or a number of different multiplexing (demultiplexing) schemes. Additionally, it is equally desirable to efficiently add and/or drop one or more digital signals of one or more digital transmission bit rates without the need for multiple multiplexing and/or demultiplexing processes.
There are several known methods utilized to combine or multiplex digital signals such as Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), and asynchronous data with packet data. Some methods include Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) or mapping the signals into a Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or an SDH frame. These methods are subject to several known problems. For example, in the asynchronous mode, ATM information may be transferred in standard-length 53-byte ATM cells. However, the payload transferred on the radio path does not usually measure 48 bytes, i.e., 384 bits, wherefore padding bits are needed. In addition, if the payload in a block on the radio path is longer than 48 bytes, the content of one block must be transmitted in several ATM cells. Thus, ATM mapping generally is not the most efficient method of utilizing bandwidth.
Another problem with ATM and SONET/SDH mapping is that the addition of padding bits and/or division of the payload between a plural number of cells adds to the processing of the information to be transferred when the transmission network is entered or exited. Such characteristics are undesirable in point-to-point radio applications which require efficient bandwidth utilization and low latency per link.
Thus, a need exists in the art to efficiently combine or multiplex digital signals, i.e., T1 or E1, having various digital hierarchies with packet or Ethernet signals for transmission as a single data stream. It is therefore an object of the present disclosure to provide a novel method of transmitting data in a communication system that is adapted to receive a first type of data having two data streams with different clocks and a second type of data. The novel method comprises the steps of receiving data from the first and second types of sources, providing a frame having plural bit positions, synchronizing the received first type of data thereby generating a synchronized data rate, assigning the synchronized first type of data in ones of the bit positions of the frame, distributing the second type of data in ones of the unassigned bit positions as a function of the synchronized data rate, and transmitting the frame.
It is a further object of the present disclosure to provide a novel method for transmitting communication signals in a predetermined frame format. The novel method comprises the steps of receiving data from a plurality of sources including a first and second type of data source, synchronizing the received first type of data source to thereby generate a synchronized data rate, and transmitting the synchronized first type of data and received second type of data in a predetermined frame format whereby the packet data is assigned in the predetermined frame format as a function of the synchronized data rate.
It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a novel method where data from plural PDH sources and from a packet source are received, assigned to bit positions in a frame, and transmitted as a single data stream whereby the data received from the packet source is arranged in the data stream as a function of a synchronized data rate of the received PDH sources.
It is still another object of the present disclosure to provide a novel method of combining data from plural first type of data sources and at least one second type of data source. The novel method comprises the steps of synchronizing the plural first type of data sources to thereby generate a synchronized data rate, providing a frame having plural bit positions, assigning the synchronized first type of data in ones of the bit positions of the frame, and arranging the second type of data in the frame as a function of the synchronized data rate to thereby combine data from different types of data sources.
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a novel method of transmitting data received from plural sources that are not synchronized with each other and a packet source as a single data stream. The novel method comprises the steps of synchronizing data received from the plural sources that are not synchronized with each other to thereby generate a synchronized data rate, providing a frame format comprising a plurality of frames each frame having plural sub-frames the number of which correlates to the number of received plural sources that are not synchronized with each other and each sub-frame comprising a plurality of blocks, assigning the synchronized data and data received from the packet source in bit positions of the frame format, and transmitting the assigned data as a single data stream.
It is also an object of the present disclosure to provide a novel system where data from sources having different synchronisms and packet sources is transmitted in a frame format as a single data stream the improvement wherein the packet data is arranged in said data stream as a function of a data rate of said sources having different synchronisms.
These objects and other advantages of the disclosed subject matter will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains from a perusal of the claims, the appended drawings, and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
The present disclosure is generally directed to a one-step programmable data multiplex scheme to combine a mixture of standard Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and asynchronous data sources such as multiples of E1 and T1 data with packet data sources for transmission over a medium such as a radio link, cable, fiber or other suitable transmission medium.
With reference to
As shown in
With reference to
For systems having maximum N*PDH data sources with additional t*T1 or t*E1 equivalent packet data rate capacity, there will be n*(N+t) bit positions for synchronized PDH data and packet data per block. Thus, in the instance that the total mixed data capacity exceeds the capacity designated for the PDH data, additional capacity for packet data may be added in the increment of t (t=1, 2, 3, 4, . . . ) times the synchronized PDH (i.e., T1 or E1) rate. As discussed above, this is accomplished by adding (t*n) bits for the additional packet data per block in all the blocks of the frame.
As shown in
To speed up frame acquisition time, bunched FAW (i.e., 11110110000101000) may be utilized. The FAW 114 would be arranged in the first block of the first sub-frame and the frame complementary overhead bit positions 112 designated for the FAW 114 in the sub-frames may be filled with synchronized PDH data bits and/or packet data bits. It is also envisioned that other housekeeping bits, such as parity bits may be utilized in overhead bit positions of the first sub-frame. The FAW 114 may also be distributed in the embodied frame format. In such an embodiment, the FAW bits are distributed in the complementary overhead bit positions 112.
The minimum number of sub-frames 110 required in the frame 100 depends on the maximum number of PDH sources received. For example, if the maximum number of PDH sources is 16, a minimum of 16 sub-frames 110 per frame 100 are used. The number of sub-blocks 130 per block 120 and the number of blocks 120 per sub-frame 110 are determined by the required capacity of the auxiliary data, the number of stuffing indication bits (C bits), the number of parity bits, the size of the frame (bits per frame) and/or the available bandwidth in the transmission medium.
With reference to
With reference to
While preferred embodiments of the disclosed system and method have been described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are illustrative only and that the scope of the embodiments of the disclosed system and method are to be defined solely by the appended claims when accorded a full range of equivalence, many variations and modifications naturally occurring to those of skill in the art from a perusal hereof.
Claims
1-14. (canceled)
15. A system adaptable to receive first data from first data sources, to receive second data second data source, and to transmit received data as a single data stream,
- the first data sources and the second data source being un-synchronized with respect to each other,
- if the received data includes both the first data and the second data, the first data sources are synchronized to generate a synchronized data rate and synchronized first data, a frame is provided having plural bit positions, the synchronized first data is assigned in ones of the bit positions of the frame, and the second data is arranged in the frame as a function of the synchronized data rate for transmission thereof,
- if the received data includes only the first data, the first data sources are synchronized to generate a synchronized data rate and synchronized first data, a frame is provided having plural bit positions, and the synchronized first data is assigned in ones of the bit positions of the frame for transmission thereof,
- if the received data includes only the second data, a frame is provided having plural bit positions and the second data is arranged in the frame for transmission thereof.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the first data sources includes at least one of synchronous, asynchronous, and plesiochronous sources.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the second data source is a packet data source.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein the frame comprises a plurality of frames each frame including a first number of plural sub-frames, the first number correlating to a second number of received plural sources that are not synchronized with each other, each of the plural sub-frames comprising a plurality of blocks, each of the blocks comprising:
- at least one overhead bit position,
- (n) bit positions of synchronized data from the received plural sources;
- (m) bit positions of data received from the second data source arranged as a function of the synchronized data rate, and
- a plurality of sub-blocks each having a particular bit position for the synchronized first data from the first data source or a bit position for the second data received from the second data source.
19. The system of claim 15, wherein first bits of the synchronized first data and second bits of the second data are sequentially bit interleaved in the frame.
20. The system of claim 15, wherein the second data from the second data source is arranged in unassigned bit positions in the frame.
21. The system of claim 15, wherein a frame alignment word is inserted in particular bit positions of a first block of a sub-frame of the frame, and first bits of the synchronized first data or second bits of the second data are distributed in unassigned overhead bit positions of other blocks of the sub-frame.
22. The system of claim 15, wherein the first data from the first data sources are synchronized to generate the synchronized first data by bit stuffing.
23. The system of claim 15, wherein stuffing indication bits are distributed in unassigned overhead bit positions.
24. The system of claim 15, wherein parity bits are distributed in unassigned overhead bit positions.
25. A method for to receiving first data from first data sources, receiving second data second data source, and transmitting received data as a single data stream, the first data sources and the second data source being un-synchronized with respect to each other, the method comprising:
- providing a frame having plural bit positions;
- in response to the received data including the first data, synchronizing the first data source to generate a synchronized data rate and synchronized first data, assigning the synchronized first data in ones of the bit positions of the frame, and arranging the second data in the frame as a function of the synchronized data rate; and
- in response to the received data only including the first data, synchronizing the first data source to generate a synchronized data rate and synchronized first data, and assigning the synchronized first data in ones of the bit positions of the frame; and
- in response to the received data only including the second data, arranging the second data in the frame.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising determining whether the received data include the first data or the second data.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein the first data sources includes at least one of synchronous, asynchronous, and plesiochronous sources.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein the second data source is a packet data source.
29. The method of claim 25, wherein the frame comprises a plurality of frames each frame including a first number of plural sub-frames, the first number correlating to a second number of received plural sources that are not synchronized with each other, each of the plural sub-frames comprising a plurality of blocks, each of the blocks comprising:
- at least one overhead bit position,
- (n) bit positions of synchronized data from the received plural sources;
- (m) bit positions of data received from the second data source arranged as a function of the synchronized data rate, and
- a plurality of sub-blocks each having a particular bit position for the synchronized first data from the first data source or a bit position for the second data received from the second data source.
30. The method of claim 25, wherein first bits of the synchronized first data and second bits of the second data are sequentially bit interleaved in the frame.
31. The method of claim 25, wherein the second data from the second data source is arranged in unassigned bit positions in the frame.
32. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
- inserting a frame alignment word in particular bit positions of a first block of a sub-frame of the frame; and
- distributing first bits of the synchronized first data or second bits of the second data in unassigned overhead bit positions of other blocks of the sub-frame.
33. The method of claim 25, wherein the synchronizing the first data comprises by bit stuffing.
34. The method of claim 25, further comprising distributing stuffing indication bits in unassigned overhead bit positions.
35. The method of claim 25, further comprising distributing parity bits in unassigned overhead bit positions.
36. A system for to receiving first data from first data sources, receiving second data second data source, and transmitting received data as a single data stream, the first data sources and the second data source being un-synchronized with respect to each other, the system comprising:
- means for providing a frame having plural bit positions;
- means for synchronizing the first data source to generate a synchronized data rate and synchronized first data, assigning the synchronized first data in ones of the bit positions of the frame, and arranging the second data in the frame as a function of the synchronized data rate in response to the received data including the first data; and
- means for synchronizing the first data source to generate a synchronized data rate and synchronized first data, and assigning the synchronized first data in ones of the bit positions of the frame in response to the received data only including the first data; and
- means for arranging the second data in the frame in response to the received data only including the second data.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 19, 2013
Publication Date: Nov 21, 2013
Applicant: Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. (Morrisville, NC)
Inventor: Tjo San Jao (Beaconfield)
Application Number: 13/946,807
International Classification: H04J 3/07 (20060101);