CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/400,749, entitled Phase Doubling for Switching Power Supply, filed Apr. 6, 2006, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/714,657 entitled Method For Doubling Phases In A Switching Power Supply, filed Sep. 6, 2005, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art switching power supply with output current sensing as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,683,441. The system of FIG. 1 includes a controller 20 that generates switching control signals SC1 and SC2 to drive switch circuits 10 and 12, thereby controlling the amount of power delivered to the load 22 through inductors 14 and 16. Additional circuitry would typically be included to sense the output voltage VOUT so the controller can modulate the switch signals to maintain a constant output voltage regardless of the amount of current consumed by the load. The sensed output voltage is usually combined with an input signal to generate an error signal that is applied to the controller for closed-loop control of the output. Additional components such as capacitors would typically also be added for filtering the output voltage.
The system of FIG. 1 also includes a current sensing circuit 18 to generate a signal VCS that provides a measure of the total combined output current delivered to the load. The current sense signal may be used in numerous ways. For example, it may be used to provide over-current shutdown, it may be used to implement current-mode regulation, or it may be combined with voltage feedback to establish a droop impedance for adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) control schemes.
The system of FIG. 1 is known as a multi-phase switching power supply because the power components including the switches and inductors are repeated to produce multiple output currents that are summed together to provide the total output current. This increases the amount of current available from the power supply, but also increases the complexity of the controller and sensing circuits.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art multi-phase switching power supply.
FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a switching power supply control system according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a switching power supply control system according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example embodiment of a switching power supply control system according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment of a feedback network according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure.
FIG. 6 illustrates a generalized embodiment of a switching power supply control system according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure.
FIG. 7 illustrates example waveforms of signals for the embodiment of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 illustrates another example embodiment according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate example waveforms for embodiment of FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a switching power supply control system according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 includes a controller 24 that may generate any number of first switching control signals SC1, SC2, etc., that are intended to control switches in a switching power supply. In this example, the number of first signals is one, but the inventive principles of this patent disclosure apply to a controller having any number of switching control signals. Logic 26 uses the first switching control signals to generate a greater number of second switching control signals SCA, SCB, etc. In this example, there are two second signals. Thus, the embodiment of FIG. 2 may allow a controller that is designed for a certain number of phases to control even more phases in a switching power supply.
The logic 26 may be configured to generate the second switching control signals SCA, SCB, etc. in any desired sequence. For example, second switching control signals may be divided into sets with a first set controlled in a first sequence and a second set controlled in a second sequence. If the first switching control signals SC1, SC2, etc. are controlled so that they are activated in a predetermined sequence, the same sequence may be used for the first and second sets of the second switching control signals SCA, SCB, etc. For instance, the first set of second signals may be activated in the predetermined sequence, followed by the second set being activated in the predetermined sequence. The logic may continue to alternate between activating first and second sets in the predetermined sequence or in any other desired sequence.
FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a switching power supply control system according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 includes a controller 28 and logic 30 that operates in a similar manner to the embodiment of FIG. 2. The logic in the embodiment of FIG. 3, however, is configured to steer a number of second feedback signals FBA, FBB, etc. to a lesser number of first feedback signals FB1, FB2, etc. Steering may be accomplished through various techniques, for example, a multiplexer using discrete switches, resistive dividers connected to switching nodes, etc. In this example, the number of first feedback signals is one, and the number of second feedback signals is two but the inventive principles are not limited to any particular numbers. Each of the first feedback signals may be coordinated with a corresponding one of the first switching control signals. Likewise, each of the second feedback signals is coordinated with a corresponding one of the second switching control signals. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may, for example, allow a controller 28 that is designed for a certain number of phases to control even more phases in a switching power supply without affecting the feedback control loop of the system.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example embodiment of a switching power supply control system that illustrates how the inventive principles of this patent disclosure may be applied to double the number of phases that may be controlled by an existing switching power supply controller. The controller 32 illustrated in FIG. 4 may be, for example, a three-phase controller that implements a pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme by driving three switches (or pairs of switches) with switching control signals PWM1, PWM2 and PWM3. A logic circuit includes six AND gates 34A-34F that multiplex the original set of three control signals PWM1-PWM3 into six control signals PWMA-PWMF. A D-type flip-flop 36 is clocked by PWM3 to enable a first set of three of the gates 34A-C while a second set 34D-F is disabled during a complete sequence of PWM1-3. The flip-flop then disables the first set while the second set is enabled during another complete sequence of PWM1-3. Thus, the logic alternates between activating PWMA-C and PWMD-F in the same sequence as the original three switching control signals PWM1-3. The six switching control signals PWMA-F may be used to drive six switches (or pairs of switches) to implement a six-phase switching power supply.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment of a feedback network according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure. The network of FIG. 5 may be used, for example, in conjunction with the logic of FIG. 4 to provide feedback from double the number of phases normally implemented by an existing switching power supply controller. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, an existing switching power supply controller 32 that implements a three-phase PWM control scheme has three switch node terminals SW1 through SW3 which would typically be connected to switching nodes such as nodes SW1 and SW2 as shown in FIG. 1 for current sensing purposes to provide feedback control and sensing. A current sensing summing node CSSUM combines current sensing signals from multiple phases to measure the total power supply output current. A second series of switching nodes SWA through SWF are connected to the switching nodes of a six-phase power supply that may be controlled by the phase-doubling logic shown in FIG. 4. To provide current sensing feedback for all six phases, pairs of resistors are arranged to form resistive dividers between the original switching nodes SW1-3 and the doubled switching nodes SWA-F. For example, RA1 and RD1 form a divider between SW1, SWA and SWD.
The embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 may provide a convenient and economical technique for increasing the number of phases that may be controlled by an existing switching power supply controller. Existing “off-the-shelf” and/or custom controllers are complete designs that have been tested, evaluated and debugged for commercial use. A controller is typically fabricated on an integrated circuit (IC) chip that is usually either mounted in a package on a printed circuit (PC) board or included as part of a multi-chip module. In accordance with the inventive principles of this patent disclosure, logic to generate a greater number of switching control signals (and/or provide feedback from an increased number of phases) may be fabricated separate from the IC on which the controller is formed. Such logic may, for example, be implemented with other commonly available combinational and sequential logic IC chips and components that are mounted in separate packages on the same PC board as the controller. This may enable a switching power supply to be designed with a greater number of phases using very few additional components and without having to redesign the entire controller IC. Thus, the performance of an existing, commercially available switching power supply controller may be substantially improved with only a nominal increase in cost.
FIG. 6 illustrates a generalized embodiment of a switching power supply control system according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure. FIG. 7 illustrates example waveforms of signals for the embodiment of FIG. 6. In this embodiment, a PWM signal is a digital signal from a switch mode power supply (SMPS) PWM controller. The output Q of a D type flip-flop 38 is logic “1” at the beginning of a switching sequence. As the PWM signal from a controller goes low at the end of its first pulse, the falling edge of PWM triggers the D flip-flop causing a logic “0” in the Q output and a “1” in the Q# output. PWMi is the output of the “AND” gate labeled Gate 1 which combines the signals Q and PWM. When Q is low, the second PWM pulse is unable to go through gate 1. PWMi ignores the second PWM pulse. At the same time, PWMj, which is the output of AND Gate 2 (which combines the signals Q# and PWM) receives the second PWM pulse while Q# is “1”. As the D flip-flop receives the falling edge of the second PWM pulse, its outputs switch to the opposite states. The third PWM pulse is transferred to PWMi through Gate 1. Therefore, the PWM signal is split alternately to PWMi and PWMj.
A 2-1 multiplexer (MUX) including switches MUXi and MUXj transfers the corresponding switch node signal signals SWi and SWj to SW as the PWM signal toggles between PWMi and PWMj. For example, when the Q output of the D flip-flop is “1”, the PWM signal is transferred to PWMi, whereas the SWi signal is switched to SW to provide the right phase switch node signal. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be extended to implement any number of phases, and the series of first PWM signals may be any number, including one.
FIG. 8 illustrates another example embodiment illustrating how four copies of the single phase doublers shown in FIG. 6 may be arranged to provide four pairs of phases to implement an eight phase PWM controller according to the inventive principles of this patent disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, a controller 40 has four PWM switching control outputs PWM1-4. Each of these outputs is applied to a corresponding one of four phase doubling blocks 42 through 48 which may be essentially the same as the embodiment of FIG. 6. Each phase doubling block alternately generates two switching control signals (for example, block 42 generates PWMA and PWME in response to PWM1), and alternately applies one of two switching node signals to a corresponding one of the switching node terminals (e.g., SWA and SWE to SW1) of the controller 40.
FIG. 9 illustrates example waveforms for a PWM output and SW input for one pair of doubled phases in the embodiment of FIG. 8. FIG. 10 illustrates example waveforms showing how all four of the controller PWM outputs and all eight of the doubled PWM outputs may respond to a sudden load release. The output voltage VOUT shows a slight overshoot as the load is released. This causes PWM4 to skip a pulse which may enable the PWMD and PWMH outputs to shift places relative to the other doubled PWM outputs.
Since the embodiments described above can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from the inventive concepts, such changes and modifications are considered to fall within the scope of the following claims.
