Abstract: A circuit for modulating a control signal, an inverter and a system for controlling a photovoltaic string. The circuit is based on a DC/DC boost circuit. The DC/DC boost circuit includes a controllable switch circuit, via which a second capacitor charges a first capacitor in the DC/DC boost circuit. A switch state of a first controllable switch in the DC/DC boost circuit is controlled when a voltage of the first capacitor is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold, so that the first capacitor generates a control signal with a predetermined characteristic waveform.

Abstract: A discrete VRM card comprises a set of VRM controllers. The set of VRM controllers comprises a VRM controller with two feedback loops. The VRM card comprises a power stage and a power-stage critical-signal multiplexer. The output of the power-stage critical-signal multiplexer determines a feedback loop with which the power stage communicates. The VRM card also comprises a configuration selector. The configuration selector determines a feedback-loop assignment for the power-stage critical-signal multiplexer and provides VRM instructions to the VRM controller.

Abstract: A voltage converter includes an input voltage line; an inductor coupled to the input voltage line; transistors coupled to the inductor; an output voltage line coupled to at least one of the transistors; a current sensor coupled to at least one of the input voltage line, the inductor, or the output voltage line; and a comparator coupled between the current sensor and the transistors. A DC-DC converter may include a voltage converter having an inductor and a plurality of transistors and configured to convert an input voltage into a power voltage and output the power voltage to an output terminal, an input current sensor configured to sense the input current of the converter, and a controller configured to change the slew rate of an inductor voltage in response to the input current of the converter and a preset reference current.

Abstract: Power supply circuit having low quiescent current for a bypass mode. One example power supply circuit generally includes a transistor; a switching node coupled to a source of the transistor; a power supply rail; a capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the power supply rail and having a second terminal coupled to the switching node; a gate driver having an output coupled to a gate of the transistor, having a first power input coupled to the power supply rail, and having a second power input coupled to the switching node; logic having a first input coupled to the first terminal of the capacitor, having a second input coupled to the second terminal of the capacitor, and having a first output; and a pullup circuit having a control input coupled to a second output of the logic and having an output coupled to the gate of the transistor.

Abstract: A controller includes a phase frequency detection circuit which has a first input coupled to receive a reference clock input, a second input coupled to receive a high-side active output, and an output configured to provide a PFD output. The controller includes a control loop filter which has a first input coupled to receive a slew rate input, a second input coupled to receive the PFD output, and an output configured to provide a high-side length output. The controller includes a pulse generation circuit which has a first input coupled to receive the high-side active output, a second input coupled to receive the high-side length output, and an output configured to provide a fine pulse output. The controller includes a latch configured to provide the high-side active output responsive to a comparison output and the fine pulse output.

Abstract: A power conversion structure, a power conversion system, a power conversion method, an electronic device including the power conversion structure, and a chip unit are provided. By connecting one switched capacitor series branch between a third terminal of a first switch series branch and a ground terminal, when the power conversion structure needs to operate in a switched capacitor converter mode, a direct current part of a current output from the third terminal of the first switch series branch flows to an inductor, and only an alternating current component flows through an on-state first switch, such that the on-state loss of the first switch can be greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the power conversion structure can be improved.

Abstract: A power management circuit for fast average power tracking (APT) voltage switching is provided. The power management circuit includes a primary voltage circuit configured to generate an APT voltage based on an APT target voltage. However, the primary voltage circuit may be inherently slow in ramping up the APT voltage to the APT target voltage. As such, a secondary voltage circuit is provided in the power management circuit to help drive the APT voltage to a desired level by a defined temporal limit. Once the APT voltage reaches the desired level, the secondary voltage circuit will automatically shut off, while the primary voltage circuit continues operating at a selected duty cycle to maintain the APT voltage at the APT target voltage. By utilizing the secondary voltage circuit to quickly drive up the APT voltage, the power management circuit is capable of supporting dynamic power control under stringent switching delay budget.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a pulse frequency modulation controller circuitry and a cycle controller circuitry. The pulse frequency modulation controller circuitry is configured to adjust a transiting speed of a first signal according to at least one control bit, and to compare the first signal with a first reference voltage to generate a second signal, and to generate a driving signal to a power converter circuit according to an output voltage, a second reference voltage, and the second signal, in which the power converter circuit is configured to generate the output voltage according to the driving signal. The cycle controller circuitry is configured to detect a frequency of the driving signal according to a clock signal having a predetermined frequency, in which the predetermined frequency is set based on a frequency range capable of being heard by humans.

Abstract: A converter operable to convert an input voltage at an input node to an output voltage at an output node coupled to a load by switching on and off a transistor at a switching frequency, the converter comprising: an error amplifier circuit having a first input coupled to a reference voltage, a second input coupled to the output node through a resistive divider, a first output operable to output a control current and a second output operable to output a current equivalent to the control current; a peak current comparator circuit having a first input coupled to the second output of the error amplifier circuit, a second input and an output, the second input is coupled to the input node through an inductor; an off-time timer circuit having an input coupled to the first output of the error amplifier circuit and an output, the off-time timer circuit operable to set the switching frequency based on the control current; and a control circuit having a first input coupled to the output of the peak current comparator cir

Abstract: A voltage detection circuit including a voltage input terminal, a voltage dividing circuit, a voltage comparison circuit, an output terminal, a detection voltage adjustment terminal, a voltage-current conversion circuit, and a constant current source. A voltage to be monitored is input to the voltage input terminal. The voltage dividing circuit includes series resistors between the voltage input terminal and a constant voltage terminal. The voltage comparison circuit compares a voltage divided by the voltage dividing circuit with a predetermined voltage. The comparison result is output from the output terminal. An external resistor is connected to the detection voltage adjustment terminal. The voltage-current conversion circuit is provided between the detection voltage adjustment terminal and the voltage dividing circuit. The constant current source is connected between an internal power supply voltage terminal and the detection voltage adjustment terminal.

Abstract: A single-inductor multiple output (SIMO) switched-power DC-DC converter for a class-D amplifier provides outputs that are symmetric about a common-mode input voltage of the amplifier, while remaining asymmetric about a return terminal of the amplifier and switching converter. The DC-DC converter includes an inductive element, a switching circuit that energizes the inductive element from an input source, and a control circuit that controls the switching circuit. The control circuit may have multiple switching modes, and in one of the multiple switching modes, the switching circuit may couple the inductive element between outputs of the converter so that stored energy produces a differential change between the voltages of the outputs. The control circuit may implement a first control loop that maintains a common mode voltage of the pair of outputs at a predetermined voltage independent of the individual voltages of the pair of outputs.

Abstract: A system including an arc flash sensor that detects an arc flash event and an arc flash mitigation device in communication with the sensor. The mitigation device includes a path of least resistance having a path input and a path output. The arc flash sensor is located downstream the output. The mitigation device includes an electro-mechanical switch between the input and the output and an actuator. The mitigation device also includes a bypass power switch device that includes a solid-state circuit interrupter and that conduct current between the input and the output in response to an open-circuit condition of the switch. A system controller is provided to generate a trigger to activate the actuator to generate the open-circuit condition of the switch, which causes the power switch device to interrupt a fault current associated with a fault event in response to detection of the arc flash event.

Abstract: A mode-transition architecture for USB Type-C controllers is described herein. In an example embodiment, an integrated circuit (IC) controller includes controller includes a controller coupled to a slope compensation circuit, the controller to cause the slope compensation circuit to apply a first slope compensation to the input current in a first mode in which the buck-boost converter is operating in a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The controller detects a transition of the buck-boost converter from a first mode having a first duty cycle to a second mode and causes the slope compensation circuit to apply a second slope compensation to the input current. The second slope compensation starts at a maximum offset of the first slope compensation.

Abstract: A driver circuit includes: a current-controlling switching element electrically connected to a light emitting element; a differential amplifier circuit including: an output terminal electrically connected to the current-controlling switching element, a first input terminal configured to receive a reference signal as a reference for radiating light with a desired intensity from the light emitting element, and a second input terminal configured to receive a detection signal corresponding to a detection result of a current flowing in the light emitting element, wherein the differential amplifier circuit is configured to control the current flowing in the light emitting element and the current-controlling switching element based on a voltage of the first input terminal and a voltage of the second input terminal; and an adjustment part configured to adjust an overshoot amount of a rising edge of the current flowing in the light emitting element.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a buck-boost converter comprising a buck portion and a boost portion connected in cascade, and a controller comprising a first timer and a second timer, wherein the first timer is configured to determine a turn-on time of a high-side switch of the buck portion, and wherein the first timer determines the turn-on time of the high-side switch of the buck portion based on a comparison between a first signal and a second signal, and wherein the first signal is proportional to an output voltage of the buck-boost converter and the second signal is generated based on a signal proportional to an input voltage of the buck-boost converter, and the second timer is configured to determine a turn-on time of a low-side switch of the boost portion.

Abstract: A three-phase motor driving circuit and a three-phase motor driving method are provided. The three-phase motor driving circuit includes an inverter circuit, a control circuit, a turn-off module, a turn-off confirmation module, and a turn-on logic unit. The inverter circuit includes a plurality of phase circuits, each including an upper bridge switch and a lower bridge switch. The control circuit operates in a feedback mode to output a feedback start signal. The turn-off module includes a feedback detection unit, a voltage adjusting unit, and a turn-off logic unit. The feedback detection unit detects an output current of a designated phase circuit, and if the output current flows out, a voltage regulation signal is output until the output current is 0, and a lower bridge turn-off signal is output. The voltage adjusting unit adjusts the voltage of the output node to be close to a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a heating element (210), in particular in a food processor (1) for the at least partially automatic preparation of foodstuffs, wherein the following steps are performed: a) detecting an electrical resistance of the heating element (210) such that at least one resistance value is determined, b) performing a heating operation on the heating element (210) based on the at least one determined resistance value to perform the heating operation depending on a temperature of the heating element (210).

Abstract: A switched-mode power converter apparatus includes a switching converter to receive an input voltage, to convert the input voltage to an output voltage, and to transmit the output voltage to an output node. The apparatus also includes a ripple attenuation circuit coupled to the output node and a voltage source. The voltage source is adjusted to generate a ripple attenuation signal by the ripple attenuation circuit at the output node.

Abstract: A semiconductor module may include a plurality of semiconductor elements; and a first power terminal, a second power terminal and a third power terminal electrically connected to the plurality of semiconductor elements. The plurality of semiconductor elements may include at least one upper arm switching element electrically connected between the first power terminal and the second power terminal; and at least one lower arm switching element electrically connected between the second power terminal and the third power terminal. A number of the at least one upper arm switching element may be different from a number of the at least one lower arm switching element.

Abstract: A power conversion unit may include two or more power modules for providing high-voltage direct current power to electrical loads, such as one or more propulsion motors aboard an aerial vehicle. Each of the power modules may be controlled by hysteresis, and may include one or more pairs of transistors that are switched by a gate driver with respect to differences between a reference current and a sensed current passing through a boost inductor. The number, size and shape of the power modules may be selected to accommodate the electrical loads, and may be switched on or off, as necessary. The power conversion unit may feature at least one more power module than is required to meet all anticipated electrical loads, thereby ensuring that the power conversion unit may continue to provide power even in the event that one of the power modules experiences a fault of any kind.

Abstract: A solar pumping system and a method for operating solar pumping system, the system comprises plurality of solar modules, at least one VFD comprising at least one convertor, at least one switching device connected to the solar module and the VFD and at least one AC motor connected to the output supply of the VFD. The switching device controls the supply of DC power transmitted to the VFD based on the input received from a controller of the VFD by varying the output voltage in accordance with the load requirement of the AC motor. The method comprising the steps of controlling the supply of voltage output of solar modules through the switching device as to provide adequate power to the solar pump based on the requirement of the motor in order to avoid tripping by increasing or decreasing the voltage output of the solar modules to a predetermined fraction of voltage for a predetermined fraction of time.

Abstract: A power stage includes a power converter having high- and low-side switches, a driver circuit that drives the switching power converter based upon a PWM signal, and a current sensing circuit that detects a low-side current level on the low-side switch, and provides a current level signal that includes the low-side current level. The power stage turns on the low-side switch at a first time, and estimates a first low-side current level at the first time. In estimating the first low-side current level, the power stage detects a second low-side current level at a second time while the low-side switch is turned on, the second time being after the first time, and detects a third low-side current level at a third time while the low-side switch is turned on, wherein the third time is after the second time. The first low-side current level is estimated based upon the second and third low-side current levels.

Abstract: A switching regulator including a first converting stage and a second converting stage may be provided. The first converting stage may include a first output capacitor connected between a first output node and ground, the first converting stage configured to receive a first input voltage and provide an output voltage by adjusting a level of the output voltage based on a first dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) rate relating to a first load condition of a processing circuit. The second converting stage may include a second output capacitor connected between a second output node and the ground, the second converting stage configured to receive a second input voltage and provide the output voltage by adjusting the level of the output voltage based on a second DVS rate relating to a second load condition of the processing circuit, which is heavier than the first load condition of the processing circuit.

Abstract: A system may include a pre-charge stage and a voltage converter. The pre-charge stage may include a controller circuit configured to generate a control voltage and a current regulator electrically coupled to the controller circuit and configured to generate a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage. The voltage converter may include a capacitor, a hold capacitor, and switches. The capacitor may include a first plate and a voltage on the first plate may be equal to the first voltage. The capacitor may include a second plate and a voltage on the second plate may be equal to the second voltage. The hold capacitor may include a plate and a voltage on the plate may be equal to the third voltage. The current regulator may be configured to regulate a current on the switches during accumulation of an initial charge on the capacitor and the hold capacitor.

Abstract: A voltage regulator having a multi-level, multi-phase architecture is disclosed. The circuit includes a two-level buck converter and an N-level buck converter each coupled to an output node, wherein N is an integer value of three or more. During operation, the two-level buck converter provides one of two possible voltages to a first inductor. The N-level buck converter provides, during operation, one of N voltages to a second inductor. The first and second inductors each convert respectively received voltages to currents, which are provided to a common output node. A control circuit controls the activation of transistors in each of the two-level and N-level buck converters in such a manner as to cause the voltage on the output node to be maintained at a desired level.

Abstract: A closed-loop switch-mode boost converter includes a switching signal generator circuit, a switch-mode boost amplifier, a filter circuit, and an error amplifier circuit. The switching signal generator circuit receives an input signal and outputs a switching signal. A duty-cycle of the switching signal has a first non-linear relationship to an amplitude of the input signal. The switch-mode boost amplifier receives the switching signal and produces an output signal. An amplitude of the output signal has a second non-linear relationship to the duty-cycle of the switching signal, and the output signal has a linear relationship to the input signal based on the first and second non-linear relationships. The filter circuit receives the output signal and outputs a filtered output signal. The error amplifier circuit receives the input signal and the filtered output signal and produces a feedback control signal. The filtered output signal is adjusted based on the feedback control signal.

Abstract: An inductor current emulator circuit includes a ramp signal generation circuit and an emulator control circuit. The inductor emulator circuit generates a ramp signal for emulating an inductor current flowing through an inductor of a power stage circuit. The ramp signal generation circuit generates the ramp signal according to a first signal and a second signal. A current sense signal is related a high side switch current flowing through the high side switch or a low side switch current flowing through the low side switch. The emulator control circuit obtains a first difference integration value and a second difference integration value of differences between the current sense signal and the ramp signal during a first duration and a second duration, respectively, to generate the first signal and the second signal, respectively. Center time points of the first duration and the second duration are different from each other.

Abstract: Voltage dividing circuitry is provided for use in a voltage converter for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages. The voltage dividing circuitry including a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage and an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node. The output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage. The flying capacitor interface has a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, the flying capacitor interface to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor. A voltage converter and a power management integrated circuit having the voltage dividing circuitry are also provided.

Abstract: An electromagnetic interference suppression circuit, a driving method thereof, and an electronic apparatus are provided. In the electromagnetic interference suppression circuit, a signal generating sub-circuit may generate a plurality of parallel target sequence signals, each with a period greater than a period threshold and a quantity of target sequence signals greater than a quantity threshold; and a frequency generating sub-circuit may output a frequency-jittered drive signal, for driving a switch mode power supply to operate, to the switch mode power supply under the control of the plurality of parallel target sequence signals.

Abstract: There is presented a current driver and a corresponding method for driving a current-controlled component such as a semiconductor light source with a driving current. The current driver includes a current regulator for regulating the driving current, a power circuit, and an input stage. The input stage receives a first signal and a second signal and is operable in two phases. In the first phase, the first signal is used to power the power circuit, and in the second phase, the second signal is used to power the power circuit. The current driver may be implemented in an array of cells in which each cell includes a current driver coupled to a current controlled component. The array of cells may be a part of a display device.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) package includes a substrate having a first region and a second region. The substrate includes a conductive path between the first region and the second region. The IC package also includes a lead frame having a first member and a second member that are spaced apart. The IC package further includes a half-bridge power module. The half-bridge power module includes a capacitor having a first node coupled to the first member of the lead frame and a second node coupled to the second member of the lead frame. The half-bridge power module also includes a high side die having a high side field effect transistor (FET) embedded therein and a low side die having a low side FET embedded therein. A source of the high side FET is coupled to a drain of the low side FET through the conductive path of the substrate.

Abstract: A switching regulator which has load transient quick response ability includes at least one power stage circuit and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation circuit and a quick response (QR) signal generation circuit. The PWM signal generation circuit generates a PWM signal according to an output voltage and a QR signal, to control a power switch of the corresponding power stage circuit, thus converting an input voltage to the output voltage. The QR signal generation circuit includes a differentiator circuit and a comparison circuit. The differentiator circuit performs a differential operation on a voltage sensing signal related to the output voltage, to generate a differential signal. The comparison circuit compares the differential signal with a QR threshold signal, such that when the differential signal exceeds the QR signal, the PWM signal generation circuit performs a QR procedure.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a switch power supply circuit, which includes a step-down transistor, a control module, a first switch transistor, a second switch transistor, a third switch transistor, and a power switch transistor. In the switch power supply circuit of the present disclosure, the first terminal of the second switch transistor is directly coupled with the input voltage, and the second switch transistor can directly obtain sufficient driving current from the input voltage to drive the power switch transistor. The present application can ensure the reliability and efficiency of the system without an additional energy storage capacitor, which reduces the costs of the system.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a current detecting circuit includes: a normally-ON type first switching element that includes a drain, a source, and a gate; a normally-OFF type second switching element including a drain that is connected to the source of the first switching element, a source that is connected to the gate of the first switching element, and a gate; and a differential amplification circuit that outputs a voltage according to a voltage between the drain and the source of the second switching element.

Abstract: A controller includes a comparator having an inverting input coupled to a voltage converter output, a non-inverting input coupled to a voltage source, and an output. The controller includes a timer having a start input coupled to the converter that indicates that current through a converter inductor is less than a threshold; a stop input coupled to the comparator output; and an output having a digital value corresponding to the time between receiving asserted signals at start input and at stop input. The controller includes a time comparator having a first input coupled to the timer output and a second input to receive a time value. The time comparator asserts one of its outputs based on the digital and time values. The controller includes an accumulator coupled to the time comparator outputs, the accumulator configured to maintain, increase, or decrease an output value based on the asserted time comparator output.

Abstract: A buck-boost converter working in a buck mode with buck switching cycles, a boost mode with boost switching cycles or a buck-boost mode with buck-boost switching cycles. Each of the buck-boost switching cycles has an AC phase, an AD phase and a BD Phase, and the duty cycle of the AC phase is determined by a reference signal, a feedback signal and an inductor current sense signal, the duty cycle of the AD phase is controlled and maintained at a preset duty threshold, the time period of the buck-boost switching cycle equals the time period of the buck switching cycle and the time period of the boost switching cycle.

Abstract: A control system for a battery system is provided. The control system includes: an N-phase DC-DC converter including N single phase DC-DC converters (wherein N is a whole number greater than one); a first microcontroller configured to control a first fraction of the N single phase DC-DC converters; and a second microcontroller configured to control a second fraction of the N single phase DC-DC converters. The first and second microcontrollers are connected to each other via a data line. In a first operation mode, control operations of the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller are synchronized via the data line to commonly control the N single phase DC-DC converters, and in a second operation mode, the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller independently control the first fraction and the second fraction, respectively.

Abstract: A duty timing detector includes a saw-tooth voltage generator that outputs a saw-tooth voltage in synchronization with a toggle signal repeatedly transitioning between a high level and a low level. A sample block obtains a level of the saw-tooth voltage in synchronization with the toggle signal and outputs the obtained level as a first sample voltage. A hold block stores the first sample voltage in synchronization with the toggle signal and outputs the stored first sample voltage as a second sample voltage. A voltage divider divides the second sample voltage to output a division voltage. A comparator compares the saw-tooth voltage and the division voltage to detect a target timing in each duty of the toggle signal.

Abstract: A system may include a power source. The power source supplies a first voltage. The system may also include a voltage regulator that receives the first voltage and supply a second voltage. Additionally, the system may include a microcontroller that receives the second voltage and output the second voltage via an output pin. Further, the system may include a switching element that receives the second voltage from the output pin of the controller at a first terminal and receives the first voltage from the power supply at a second terminal. The switching element selectively charges a first capacitor based on a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an input-voltage control circuit outputs an input voltage when a control signal is in an enabled state. A backflow prevention circuit includes a first transistor and a first body diode. The first transistor turns on to output the input voltage to the input-voltage control circuit when the control signal is in the enabled state. The first body diode is formed in the first transistor and having an anode connected to the first terminal of the first transistor and a cathode connected to a second terminal of the first transistor. The booster circuit receives the input voltage outputted from the input-voltage control circuit and boosts the input voltage to generates a boosted voltage. The boosted voltage is outputted from the driver circuit and supplied to the control terminal of an external output transistor.

Abstract: A power stage controller includes: a multi-phase pulse control circuit; a current sense circuit; a comparator; an error amplifier; and a mode controller. The mode controller includes a mode controller input and a summation circuit. The summation circuit has a first summation circuit input, a second summation circuit input and a summation circuit output, the first summation circuit input is coupled to the error amplifier output, and the summation circuit output is coupled to the first comparator input. The mode controller is configured to: select one of a main controller mode or a secondary controller mode responsive to a mode control voltage at the mode controller input; bypass the summation circuit responsive to selection of the main controller mode; and enable the summation circuit responsive to selection of the secondary controller mode.

Abstract: A power transistor is switched on and off with an on-time that is held constant and an off-time that is varied. When the off-time is detected to be less than a threshold value that is greater than a minimum off-time limit, the on-time is extended. Then the power transistor is switched on and off with the extended on-time that is held constant and the off-time that varies.

Abstract: An integrated circuit apparatus includes a first regulator circuit configured to generate a first regulated voltage; a second regulator circuit configured to generate a second regulated voltage; and a control circuit configured to perform selection with respect to the first regulator circuit and the second regulator circuit such that one regulator circuit among the first regulator circuit and the second regulator circuit is in an on-state and another regulator circuit is in an off-state. The control circuit is configured to: cause the second regulator circuit to be in the on-state upon detecting that a load current is greater than or equal to a predetermined load current; and cause the first regulator circuit to be in the on-state upon detecting that the load current is less than the predetermined load current.

Abstract: A current mode control type switching power supply device includes a first switch having a first terminal connected to a first application terminal to which an input voltage is applied, and a second switch having a first terminal connected to a second terminal of the first switch and a second terminal connected to a second application terminal to which a predetermined voltage lower than the input voltage is applied. A current sensor is configured to sense current flowing in the second switch. A controller configured to control the first switch and the second switch, wherein the controller is configured to control the first switch and the second switch independently of a difference between the input voltage and an output voltage and in addition in accordance with the current sensed by the current sensor.

Abstract: A modular concept for Silicon Carbide power devices is disclosed where a low voltage module (LVM) is designed separately from a high voltage module (HVM). The LVM having a repeating structure in at least a first direction, the repeating structure repeats with a regular distance in at least the first direction, the HVM comprising a buried grid with a repeating structure in at least a second direction, the repeating structure repeats with a regular distance in at least the second direction, along any possible defined direction. Advantages include faster easier design and manufacture at a lower cost.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter and a DC-DC converter operation method are provided. The DC-DC converter includes a power stage, an error amplifier, a pulse width modulation (PWM) generator, and a gate controller. The power stage includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The voltage dividers are configured to perform a voltage division on a first node of the power stage and a second node to generate a first voltage and a second voltage. The first node is an output node of the DC-DC converter and the second node is a node between the first transistor and the second transistor of the DC-DC converter. The comparator is configured to compare the first voltage and the second voltage to generate a turn-on time signal of the first transistor according to a comparison result.

Abstract: Load control interlocks are disclosed and described. The interlocks provide for coupling a power circuit to one or more load circuits once the one or more load circuits and the power circuit are both coupled to the interlock, and disconnects the power circuit from the one or more load circuits if the one or more load circuits or the power circuit are uncoupled form the interlock or an electrical connection between the power circuit and the one or more load circuits is broken.

Abstract: A bidirectional power converter includes a first terminal, a second terminal, a main reactor, a plurality of sub-circuits and a controller. The sub-circuits each include an upper switching element, a lower switching element, two diodes, and a sub-reactor. The controller sequentially controls the sub-circuits such that: the lower switching element is turned on and turned off and then the upper switching element is turned on and turned off in each of the sub-circuits, while a current is flowing from the first terminal toward the second terminal; and the upper switching element is turned on and turned off and then, the lower switching element is turned on and turned off in each of the sub-circuits, while the current is flowing from the second terminal toward the first terminal.

Abstract: A parallel power supply device according to the present invention includes: a plurality of DC/DC converters connected in parallel to perform power conversion between a DC power supply and a common load; a voltage detector to detect a voltage of the common load; and a plurality of control circuits each to control a corresponding one of the plurality of DC/DC converters, wherein during parallel operation of the plurality of DC/DC converters, the plurality of control circuits control the plurality of DC/DC converters by proportional control using a same target voltage value and a same proportional gain, based on a voltage value of the common load detected by the voltage detector. Therefore, in the parallel power supply device in which the plurality of DC/DC converters are connected in parallel, the individual DC/DC converters can supply electric power to the load independently and equally.

Abstract: The present disclosure, in an aspect thereof, has an object to effectively reduce transient current in a rectifier circuit. In a rectifier circuit, a current flows from a power supply to a coil when a transistor is turned on. Then, when the transistor is turned off, a second rectifier current flows from the coil to a second rectifier.