MEDICAL/SURGICAL SMOKE EVACUATOR THAT CONTINUALLY DRAWS WASTE INTO THE EVACUATOR TO CONTROL THE OPERATION OF THE EVACUATOR
A smoke evacuator that draws smoke generated during a medical surgical procedure away from the site at which the smoke is generated. The smoke evacuator includes a pump that draws air into a filter. A sensor internal to the filter monitors the smoke in the air stream drawn through the filter. Normally the pump runs at a low speed, a speed sufficient to draw some air in the filter. When the sensor detects the presence of an appreciable amount of smoke in the air stream the sensor sends a signal indicating the air stream is in this state to the pump controller. The controller then increases the pump speed to result in a like increase in the volume of air drawn through the smoke evacuator. Since the sensor is contained in the filter, a new sensor is installed in the system each time a new filter is installed.
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This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/609,041 filed 30 Oct. 2009 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,740,866. App. Ser. No. 12/609,041 is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/610,071, filed 13 Dec. 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,621,898. App. Ser. No. 11/610,071 claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/750,862, filed 14 Dec. 2005. The above-identified applications from which this application claims priority are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a waste collection and disposal system for collecting and disposing of waste materials, such as bodily fluids, generated during medical procedures carried out in a health care facility, e.g., a hospital. More specifically, the present invention relates to a waste collection unit for collecting the waste material and a docking station for disposing of the waste material from the waste collection unit and cleaning the waste collection unit for further use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONWaste collection and disposal systems are well known for use in health care facilities to collect waste material generated during medical procedures. Examples of such systems can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,446 to Parker and U.S. Pat. No. 5,997,733 to Wilbur et al. In these types of systems, the waste material is collected in a waste container connected to a vacuum source. A portable cart supports the waste container for moving throughout the health care facility. One or more suction lines extend from the waste container and are positioned near the site from which the waste material is to be collected. When the vacuum source is operating, the waste material is drawn through the suction lines into the waste container. The waste material is typically collected until the waste container is filled to a predetermined level. Once the waste container is full, or if an empty waste container is required prior to being full, the waste collection unit is wheeled to a docking station to be emptied and cleaned. The waste collection unit docks to the docking station to begin emptying. Once emptied, the waste container is cleaned by a cleaning system with disinfectant and rinsed.
While providing suitable waste collection and disposal, these prior art systems could be improved. For instance, these prior art systems employ a single waste container for collecting the waste material. As a result, if there is a particular need for the waste container to be emptied prior to use, the waste collection unit must be wheeled down to the docking station to off-load any collected waste material before resuming operation. If a series of medical procedures are performed in which it is necessary to empty the waste container before each procedure, the user could find it annoying to have to continuously wheel the waste collection unit back and forth between a use area, such as an operating room, and the docking station, which is typically situated outside of the operating room in a hallway near a waste drain. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a system that is capable of use in multiple medical procedures requiring an empty waste container without the need to dock the waste collection unit to the docking station.
Moreover, it is common for medical personnel to, during a procedure, glance at the unit's container to obtain a quick visual estimate of the amount of material removed during the procedure. Many known waste collection units have containers capable of storing 15 liters or more of extracted material. Thus, these containers are relatively large in size. Accordingly, a quick glance at one of these containers to estimate the quantity of removed material produces only a rough estimate of removed material. In theory, one could improve the estimate by substituting a smaller sized container. Glancing at this size of container would provide a more precise estimate of removed material. However, a disadvantage of providing a waste collection unit with a small container, for example one capable of storing 10 or less liters of waste would mean that the container would become filled more quickly. This would then result in the interruption of the procedure in order to empty the waste collection unit. Having to delay the procedure to perform this task runs counter to one of the goals of modern surgery; that the time to perform the procedure should be as fast as possible in order to minimize the time the patient is held under anesthesia.
In certain instances, it may become necessary to use a plurality of suction lines to draw waste materials from a plurality of sites during a medical procedure. Currently, the prior art systems allow for utilizing multiple suction lines, but only a single vacuum source is available such that each suction line essentially operates under the same vacuum pressure. As medical procedures become more advanced and faster-paced to improve patient outcomes, there is an increasing need to provide different vacuum levels in the suction lines during the same medical procedure.
The waste collection units of the prior art currently employ a float to prevent the waste material from entering the vacuum source once the waste material reaches a predetermined threshold level in the waste container. However, these units are also susceptible to water droplets that may enter the vacuum source inadvertently before the waste material rises to the predetermined threshold level in the waste container. Therefore, there is a need for an assembly that not only prevents the waste material from entering the vacuum source, but also prevents other potentially harmful materials from entering the vacuum source, such as water droplets that may foul the downstream vacuum source.
The vacuum source and cleaning system of the prior art waste collection unit are connected to the waste container through various waste and/or water lines supported on the portable cart. Often, these lines are hoses connected to barbed nozzles on conventional connectors that are threaded into caps of the waste containers. Once the hoses are connected to the barbed nozzles, they are difficult to remove for servicing. Therefore, there is a need for quick-releasing connectors on these lines to simplify servicing of the waste collection unit.
The known waste collection units also have electro-mechanical systems that provide indications of the volume of waste stored in their containers. Often this system includes some type of float member the position of which is sensed. Based on the height of the float member in the container, this volume measuring system outputs data indicating the volume of waste in the container. The known prior art volume measuring systems do not take into account variations in volume due to temperature or variations in volume due to the manufacturing of each container. Therefore, there is a need for a sensing device which can share components to lower cost and which takes into account temperature and manufacturing variations of the containers.
Smoke evacuation systems of the prior art utilize a blower to draw in air and smoke from a surgical area. Unfortunately, these blowers, when operating, tend to be noisy, and thus distracting to medical personnel performing the medical procedures. Therefore, there is a need for a smoke evacuation system that reduces noise yet maintains performance standards for removing smoke.
Prior art waste collection systems have typically included an IV pole for supporting one or more IV bags. The IV pole is supported by a mobile waste collection unit, such that it is movable with the waste collection unit. Unfortunately, the height of such IV poles often prohibits medical personnel of a smaller stature from reaching the top of the IV pole to hang the IV bags. Furthermore, the IV poles are prone to damage from doorways and other structures when the waste collection unit is moved. Therefore, there is a need for an IV pole that is retractable such that smaller stature medical personnel can operate them and damage to the IV pole is minimized.
In one example of a prior art system, the waste collection unit includes a first pair of couplings that lead to the waste container and the cleaning system. The first pair of couplings is disposed on a front of the waste collection unit. The docking station includes a cabinet that houses a second pair of couplings for mating with the complimentary first pair of couplings on the waste collection unit. These couplings mate to drain the waste material from the waste containers during docking and to provide cleaner to the waste collection unit. When docking, the waste collection unit engages the docking station to open a set of doors that otherwise conceal the second pair of couplings. When the doors are opened, the second pair of couplings advances from inside the cabinet to outside the cabinet to engage the first pair of couplings of the waste collection unit. When off-loading the waste material, the first pair of couplings can become dirtied with waste material, and since they are externally disposed on the front of the waste collection unit, can be unsightly. Therefore, there is a need for improved docking between the waste collection unit and the docking station to reduce any visually unappealing conditions.
The cleaning systems of the prior art waste collection units include a sprinkler that operates similarly to a rotating lawn sprinkler with moving parts that are subject to breaking. It is desirable to reduce the number of moving parts in the sprinkler. It is also desirable to provide a sprinkler that is capable of simultaneously directing a stream of cleaner to each of the parts of the waste containers that need to be cleaned.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention provides a waste collection unit for collecting waste material during a series of medical procedures. The waste collection unit includes first and second waste containers. The first waste container has a maximum storage volume. The second waste container has a maximum storage volume larger than the maximum storage volume of the first waste container. The first waste container is adapted for connection to one suction line to collect the waste material in the first waste container during a medical procedure. The second waste container is adapted for connection to another suction line to collect the waste material in the second waste container during the medical procedure. A vacuum source is in selective communication with the waste containers to provide a vacuum in the waste containers and draw the waste material into the waste containers through the suction lines during the medical procedure. A transfer valve is disposed between the waste containers. In the open position, the transfer valve allows the waste material in the first waste container to flow into the second waste container. This feature of the waste collection unit of this invention reduces the number or trips that a user has to make between use areas in which the waste material is being collected (such as an operating room) and the docking station, which is typically located outside of the use area.
A method of collecting the waste material during the series of medical procedures is also provided. The method includes transporting the portable waste collection unit to a first use area and connecting at least one suction line to the portable waste collection unit. A vacuum source is operated to provide a vacuum in the first waste container and draw the waste material into the first waste container through the at least one suction line. The first waste container is at least partially filled with waste material during a first of the medical procedures. The waste material is then transferred from the first waste container to the second waste container without moving the waste collection unit out of the first use area. The first waste container is then at least partially filled again with waste material during a second of the medical procedures without emptying the waste material transferred from the second waste container.
The present invention also provides a first vacuum regulator in fluid communication with the vacuum source for regulating a vacuum level in the first waste container and a second vacuum regulator in fluid communication with the vacuum source for regulating a vacuum level in the second waste container. A control system is in communication with the first and second vacuum regulators. The control system is adapted to simultaneously control the first and second vacuum regulators to control the vacuum levels in the first and second waste containers independently of one another such that the vacuum levels are capable of being different. This is accomplished using a single vacuum source.
By providing independently controlled vacuum levels in the waste containers, the waste collection unit can be employed in those instances in which it is necessary to use a plurality of suction lines of varying suction to draw waste materials from a plurality of sites during a single medical procedure. As medical procedures continue to advance, there may be an increasing need to provide different suction levels in the suction lines during the same medical procedure. In addition, the first and second vacuum regulators of the present invention are designed to provide independently controlled vacuum levels in the waste containers from a single vacuum source. This eliminates the need for separate vacuum pumps to draw different vacuum levels in the waste containers.
A filter and float assembly is also provided in one or more of the waste containers to prevent water droplets and waste material from entering the vacuum source and potentially fouling the vacuum source. The waste container defines a collection chamber, a filter compartment, and a vacuum port opening into the filter compartment. The vacuum source is in communication with the vacuum port of the waste container to provide a vacuum in the waste container to draw the waste material into the waste container through the suction line(s). The filter and float assembly is disposed in the filter compartment adjacent to the vacuum port. The filter and float assembly comprises a filter element disposed between the vacuum port and the collection chamber for removing moisture from fluid entering into the vacuum port from the collection chamber. The filter and float assembly also includes a retaining member to secure the filter element in position. The retaining member defines a sleeve. A float is slidably supported in the sleeve to prevent the waste material collected in the waste container from entering into the vacuum port when a level of the waste material exceeds a predetermined threshold.
In another aspect of the present invention, a connector is used to connect a vacuum line to a cap of the first waste container. The connector is coupled to the vacuum line and is seated in a corresponding receptacle in the cap. A first retainer is rotatably supported by the cap for rotating between a locked position to retain the first connector in the first receptacle and an unlocked position to release the first connector from the first receptacle. By utilizing this quick-release, the waste collection unit can be quickly and easily serviced. Otherwise, if conventional connectors were used, it may take several minutes to release the connectors from the cap to service the vacuum circuit or other systems of the waste collection unit.
The present invention also provides a fluid measuring system for estimating the volume of waste material collected in upper and lower waste containers. The fluid measuring system comprises a sensor rod extending through the waste containers. A transceiver is electrically connected to the sensor rod to propagate an interrogation pulse along the sensor rod and receive return pulses. A lower reference element is disposed adjacent to a bottom of the lower waste container and adjacent to the sensor rod to cause a lower reference return pulse in response to receiving the interrogation pulse. A lower float element is disposed within the lower waste container and adjacent to the sensor rod to float near a surface of a liquid contained within the lower waste container and to cause a lower float return pulse in response to receiving the interrogation pulse. An upper reference element is disposed adjacent to a bottom of the upper waste container and adjacent to the sensor rod to cause an upper reference return pulse in response to receiving the interrogation pulse. An upper float element is disposed within the upper waste container and adjacent to the sensor rod to float near a surface of a liquid contained within the upper waste container and to cause an upper float return pulse in response to receiving the interrogation pulse.
A method of estimating the volume of a substance in one or more of the waste containers is also provided. The method includes propagating the interrogation pulse from the transceiver along the sensor rod at an interrogation time in response to an interrogation command. A float return pulse is received at the transceiver at a float return time. A reference return pulse is received at the transceiver at a reference return time. The float return time and the reference return time are communicated to a controller. The controller then calculates the volume of the substance in the waste container based on the float return time and the reference return time.
In another aspect of the present invention, the waste collection unit includes a portable cart to carry a waste container and a reservoir is supported by the portable cart and in fluid communication with the waste container. The reservoir stores a liquid that is dispensed to the waste container in order to raise a float element in the waste container prior to waste material being collected in the waste container.
A smoke evacuation system is provided for removing smoke during the medical procedures. The system comprises a smoke conduit including an inlet and an outlet. A blower is in fluid communication with the smoke conduit for drawing a fluid into the inlet and exhausting the fluid out of the outlet. A blower motor operatively connects to the blower. A blower control circuit is electrically connected to the blower motor to provide electrical power to the blower motor and control a speed of the blower. A smoke sensor is in fluid communication with the smoke conduit to sense an amount of smoke traveling through the smoke conduit. A controller is electrically connected to the smoke sensor and the blower control circuit to adjust the speed of the blower based on the amount of smoke traveling through the smoke conduit.
A method for controlling the speed of the blower motor in the smoke evacuation system is also provided. The method includes providing electrical power at a first level to the blower motor such that the blower operates at a first speed. The method further includes receiving a smoke sensor signal representing an amount of smoke sensed in the smoke conduit. The electrical power to the blower motor is increased to a second level such that the blower operates at a second speed faster than the first speed in response to the amount of smoke being greater than a predetermined limit.
With this type of smoke evacuation system and associated method, smoke removal can be automatically carried out without requiring any interaction by a user. The user simply indicates that smoke removal is desired and the controller operates the blower motor at the appropriate level based on the amount of smoke detected.
An intravenous (IV) bag support pole assembly is provided on a portable cart for supporting at least one IV bag. The assembly includes an IV bag support pole having a proximal end and a distal end. The pole includes a plurality of segments telescopingly interfaced together. At least one IV bag hook is coupled to the distal end of the pole for supporting the IV bag. A direct current (DC) motor has a rotatably shaft operatively connected to one of the segments for telescopically actuating the pole between a fully extended position and a fully retracted position. The rotatable shaft is operable by an electrical portion. A motor control circuit is electrically connected to the electrical portion for selectively providing motor power to the DC motor. A slowdown circuit is electrically connected to the electrical portion of the DC motor for periodically stopping rotation of the rotatable shaft when the motor power is unavailable, thus slowing retraction of the pole. When the pole assembly is mounted to the waste collection unit, this slowdown circuit provides that advantage of automatically retracting the pole when power is disconnected from the waste collection unit.
A docking station is also provided for disposing of the waste material collected by the waste collection unit and for cleaning the waste containers. The waste collection unit is outfitted with a carrier for holding a first plurality of couplings that are in communication with the waste containers and with a cleaning system on the waste collection unit. The docking station is fixed at a location in a health care facility. The docking station includes a cabinet. A head extends from the cabinet. The head includes a second plurality of couplings for mating with the first plurality of couplings. A mating interface carries the second plurality of couplings and moves the second plurality of couplings upwardly, relative to gravity, to make the connection to the first plurality of couplings. The head includes a floating frame carrying the mating interface for engagement by the carrier such that the floating frame aligns the second plurality of couplings with the first plurality of couplings when engaged by the carrier to facilitate mating of the couplings. By moving the second plurality of couplings upwardly, the waste collection unit can be wheeled over top of the head such that the connection of the couplings is largely hidden from view. Furthermore, by providing the floating frame, alignment of the couplings is made possible prior to moving the second plurality of couplings upwardly.
A method of docking a first plurality of couplings of the waste collection unit to a second plurality of couplings of the docking station is also provided. The method includes transporting the waste collection unit from a use area to the docking station. The carrier of the waste collection unit then engages the head of the docking station to slide the carrier directly over top of the head of the docking station. The second plurality of couplings of the docking station is then lifted upwardly while concealing the first and second plurality of couplings from view. The first and second plurality of couplings then mate together to provide fluid communication between the waste collection unit and the docking station for purposes of draining the waste material from the waste collection unit and/or cleaning the waste collection unit.
A cleaning system is provided for cleaning one or more of the waste containers on the waste collection unit. The cleaning system is supported by the portable cart and includes a sprinkler mounted in caps of each of the waste containers. The sprinkler is fixed to the cap and stationary relative to the cap. The sprinkler has a head with a plurality of asymmetric jet ports configured to direct a stream of cleaner to each of the cap, the wall of the waste container, the bottom of the waste container, the sensor rod, and float element.
A power coupler is also provided for transferring electric power from the docking station to the waste collection unit. The power coupler includes a first winding supported by the docking station and electrically connectable to a fixed power source. The power coupler further includes a second winding supported by the waste collection unit and inductively coupleable to the first winding when the waste collection unit is docked to the docking station. The power coupler provides for operation of the waste collection unit without requiring an on-board battery on the waste collection. By coupling power from a fixed power source to the waste collection unit, time and costs can be saved.
Advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Referring to the Figures, wherein like numerals indicate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, a waste collection and disposal system for collecting and disposing of waste materials is shown generally at 100. The system 100 collects and disposes of waste material generated during medical procedures (e.g., surgical procedures) performed in a health care facility such as a hospital. The waste material may include bodily fluids, body tissues, irrigation liquids, and/or other materials that may be generated during various medical procedures. Often times, medical procedures require large amounts of saline and/or other irrigation liquids for irrigating an anatomical site. As a result, the system 100 is capable of handling large amounts of waste material.
Referring to
The system 100 includes various features for simplifying use by health care personnel including doctors, nurses, and other users of the system 100, and for improving patient outcomes from the various medical procedures. Some of the features were designed to increase the on-board waste material storage of these types of systems and to increase the number of uses prior to requiring disposal of the waste material. Other features were designed to reduce the overall time needed by users to collect and dispose of the waste material, to improve volumetric estimations of the waste material collected, and to create cleaner and more inconspicuous docking between the waste collection unit 102 and the docking station 104. Still other features were designed to simplify smoke removal, to reduce the noise typically experienced when operating such systems, and to improve the odors that often accompany such systems. All of these features are described in detail below.
II. Stacked Waste ContainersReferring to
A plurality of wheels 212 are mounted to a bottom of the cart base 206 to provide mobility to the cart 204. A vertical chassis 214 is fixed to the cart base 206 and extends upwardly from the cart base 206. A handle 216 is mounted to the vertical chassis 214 to facilitate movement of the waste collection unit 102 between use areas, and between the use areas and the docking station 104. Thus, users can move the cart 204 around the health care facility to collect waste material generated during medical procedures performed in different locations throughout the health care facility. A front cover F, removed to show the waste containers 200, 202 in
Referring to
The upper canister 218 is preferably smaller in diameter and storage volume than the lower canister 224 to provide a relatively better estimation of the volume of waste material collected in the upper canister 218 as compared to the lower canister 224. Preferably, the upper canister 218 has a maximum storage volume of from about 0.5 liters to about 10 liters, more preferably from about 2 liters to about 7 liters, and most preferably from about 2 liters to about 6 liters. In the embodiment shown, the maximum storage volume of the upper canister 218 is 4 liters. Preferably, the lower canister 224 has a maximum storage volume of from about 10 liters to about 50 liters, more preferably from about 15 liters to about 30 liters, and most preferably from about 18 liters to about 25 liters. In the embodiment shown, the maximum storage volume of the lower canister 224 is about 20 liters. The maximum storage volume is the amount of waste material that can be stored in each of the canisters 218, 224 before an electronic or mechanical shutoff prevents further filling of the canisters 218, 224. In alternative embodiments, the canisters 218, 224 may be placed side-by-side on the cart 204 and the canisters 218, 224 may both be large or both be small, or additional canisters (not shown) could be employed.
The upper canister 218 is disposed above the lower canister 224 on the cart 204 with respect to gravity such that the waste material collected in the upper canister 218 can be emptied into the lower canister 224 via gravity. Given the relatively small maximum storage volume of the upper canister 218, the waste material collected in the upper canister 218 can be emptied several times into the lower canister 224 without filling the lower canister 224 beyond its maximum storage volume. In some embodiments, the maximum storage volume of the lower canister 224 is greater than twice the maximum storage volume of the upper canister 218 such that the waste material collected in the upper canister 218 can be emptied at least twice into the lower canister 224 before the lower canister 224 is filled to its maximum storage volume.
Referring specifically to
Referring again to
The disposable manifolds 260 preferably include a filter (not shown) to filter the waste material received from the suction lines 262 prior to the waste material entering the canisters 218, 224. The disposable manifolds 260 and associated filters, and their attachment to the manifold receivers 258 mounted to the caps 222, 228 are described in detail in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/554,616 to Murray et al., entitled, REMOVABLE INLET MANIFOLD FOR A MEDICAL/SURGICAL WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM, THE MANIFOLD INCLUDING A DRIVER FOR ACTUATING A VALVE INTEGRAL WITH THE WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM, filed 31 Oct. 2006, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 7,615,037, which is hereby incorporated by reference The manifold and receiver disclosed in this document are understood to be exemplary, not limiting with regard to the assemblies that are used to connect the suction lines 262 to the canisters 218, 224.
Referring to
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A ball 296 is seated in a main chamber 298 of the valve body 278. In one embodiment, the ball 296 is formed of polyvinylchloride or polypropylene. The ball 296 is supported in the main chamber between first 300 and second 302 valve seats. The valve seats 300, 302 are annular in shape and include a slightly concave face to receive the ball 296 in a tight sealing manner. The first valve seat 300 abuts an internally facing annular shoulder 304 forming an upper boundary of the main chamber 298. The annular shoulder 306 defines a downwardly facing groove facing into the main chamber 298. An o-ring 308 is seated in the downwardly facing groove to seal the first valve seat 300 to the valve body 278. A nut 310 screws into the lower portion 288 to secure the ball 296 in the valve body 278. In one embodiment, the nut 310 is formed of polyvinylchloride or polypropylene. The second valve seat 302 is captured between the nut 310 and the ball 296. The nut 310 defines an upwardly facing groove and a radially outwardly facing groove. An o-ring 312 is seated in the upwardly facing groove to seal the nut 310 against the second valve seat 302. Another o-ring 314 is seated in the radially outwardly facing groove to seal the nut 310 against an interior of the valve body 278.
A valve stem 316 is coupled to the ball 296 to rotate the ball 296. The ball 296 defines a stem pocket and the valve stem 316 includes a stem head 318 corresponding in shape to the stem pocket. The stem head 318 is elongated in one dimension. When the stem head 318 mates with the stem pocket, the stem head 318 is rotatably fixed to the ball 296. The ball 296 and stem head 318 form a complete ball shape when engaged together. The stem head 318 includes a first annular shoulder 320. The valve stem 316 extends from the annular shoulder 320 to a far end opposite the stem head 318. The valve body 278 defines a generally cylindrical sleeve 322 for receiving the valve stem 316. The sleeve 322 includes a second annular shoulder 324 that abuts the first annular shoulder 320 to prevent the valve stem 316 from popping out of the main chamber 298 through the sleeve 322. The valve stem 316 extends from the ball 296 in the main chamber 298 through the sleeve 322 to the far end. The valve stem 316 is generally cylindrically and is rotatably supported in the sleeve 322. O-rings 326 seal the valve stem 316 in the sleeve 322.
A transfer valve motor 328 is operatively coupled to the transfer valve 276 to move the transfer valve 276 between the open position in which fluid communication is opened between the canisters 218, 224 and the closed position in which fluid communication between the canisters 218, 224 is closed. The valve motor 328 is mounted to the bracket 280. The valve motor 328 includes a motor shaft 330 rotationally coupled to the far end of the valve stem 316 via a coupler 332. Fasteners 334 secure the coupler 332 to the far end of the valve stem 316 and the motor shaft 330. The motor shaft 330 rotates the ball 296 to move the transfer valve 276 between the open and closed positions. The ball 296 includes a through opening 336 that aligns with passages in the neck 286 of the upper canister 218 and the valve port 294 of the lower cap 228 in the open position. The through opening 336 is normal to the passages of the neck 286 and the valve port 294 in the closed position such that the ball 296 seals the neck 286 from the valve port 294. The closed position is shown in
A position sensor 338 responds to movement of the transfer valve 276 between the open and closed positions to sense a current position of the transfer valve 276. In the preferred embodiment, a single position sensor 338 is utilized to generate a position signal that follows a generally non-linear voltage path between the open and closed positions, as shown in
Referring to the block diagram of
When waste transfer is required, the main controller 342 is programmed to first instruct the valve controller 344 to instruct the valve motor 328 to move the transfer valve 276 to the open position to empty the waste material into the lower canister 224. The valve motor 328 is then automatically instructed to move back to the closed position once upper canister 218 emptied, as determined by a fluid measuring system described further below, or by monitoring time and closing the transfer valve 276 after the time typically associated with transferring waste from a full upper canister 218 has elapsed. The position signal generated by the position sensor 338 is transmitted to the valve controller 344 to control this operation. With the opposing steep slopes of the voltage path generated by the position signal at the open and closed positions, the valve controller 344 can quickly determine which position the transfer valve 276 is in.
In some instances, the main controller 342 may automatically instruct the valve controller 344 to move the transfer valve 276 without requiring user instruction. This is particularly true during a cleaning cycle, described further below, in which the main controller 342, via the valve controller 344, selectively opens and closes the transfer valve 276 to drain, clean, and rinse the waste containers 200, 202.
Referring to
Still referring to
A plastic or foam intermediate layer 370 may be sandwiched between the panels 366, 368 in the sections between the hinges 369, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
In other embodiments, the vacuum source 402 may be a hospital vacuum system, located remotely from the cart 204. In the preferred embodiment, the waste collection unit 102 is outfitted with the on-board vacuum pump 402, while also providing a plurality of back-up ports 404 capable of connection to the hospital vacuum system. The back-up ports 404 can be used should the on-board vacuum pump 402 fail or should the user desire to use the hospital vacuum system in lieu of the vacuum pump 402. A check valve 406 is associated with each of the back-up ports 404 to prevent air from entering the vacuum circuit 400 through the back-up ports 404 when not in use. For simplicity, only the vacuum pump 402 shall be described below.
Referring specifically to
The lower vacuum regulator 410 comprises a second valve member 418. A second actuator 420 is operatively coupled to the second valve member 418 to move the second valve member 418 and selectively open fluid communication or air transfer between the lower waste container 202 and atmospheric pressure or between the lower waste container 202 and the vacuum pump 402. A second position sensor 422 is responsive to movement of the second valve member 418. The vacuum regulators 408, 410 are preferably configured to prevent fluid communication or air transfer between the vacuum pump 402 and atmospheric pressure A. This reduces the amount of total vacuum pressure lost during use such that a single vacuum pump 402 can provide suitable vacuum levels in both the upper 200 and lower 202 waste containers during use, even if both are being used to collect waste material simultaneously.
The main controller 342 controls operation of the vacuum regulators 408, 410 through upper 411 and lower 413 vacuum controllers (e.g., separate microcontrollers) to maintain desired vacuum levels in each of the waste containers 200, 202. Knobs or dials, 311, 313, in communication with the main controller 342, are disposed on the control panel 310 to allow the user to establish the desired vacuum levels in the waste containers 200, 202. Each of the dials 311, 313 is associated with one of the waste containers 200, 202, respectively, to control the vacuum level in the corresponding waste container 200, 202. The user may choose to shut off the vacuum inside one of the waste containers 200, 202, while maintaining a desired vacuum level in the other waste container 200, 202. Alternatively, the user may choose to set two, different vacuum levels for the waste containers 200, 202. Once the desired vacuum levels are established, the main controller 342 instructs the upper 411 and lower 413 vacuum controllers to move the vacuum regulators 408, 410 accordingly until the desired vacuum levels are reached. The control panel display 380 visually displays the current vacuum levels in each of the waste containers 200, 202.
Separate sets of pressure sensors 424, 426 are responsive to pressure changes in each of the waste containers 200, 202. The pressure sensors 424, 426 generate corresponding pressure signals sent to the vacuum controllers 411, 413. The first set of pressure sensors 424 generate pressure signals corresponding to the vacuum level in the upper waste container 200. The second set of pressure sensors 426 generate pressure signals corresponding to the vacuum level in the lower waste container 202. One of each of these sets of pressure signals 424, 426 is sent to each of the vacuum controllers 411, 413. In other words, each of the vacuum controllers 411, 413 receives one pressure signal corresponding to the vacuum level in the upper waste container 200 and one pressure signal corresponding to the vacuum level in the lower waste container 202. This redundancy allows the main controller 342 to compare pressure readings and determine whether any of the pressure sensors 424, 426 are malfunctioning or whether either of the vacuum controllers 411, 413 are malfunctioning. Accordingly, the vacuum regulators 408, 410 are controlled based on the feedback provided by the pressure signals generated by the pressure sensors 424, 426.
Additional check valves 428 are disposed between the upper vacuum regulator 408 and the vacuum pump 402 and between the lower vacuum regulator 410 and the vacuum pump 402. These check valves 428 prevent air from traveling from the vacuum pump 402 when the back-up ports 404 are being used. Otherwise, the hospital vacuum system would not be able to draw a suitable vacuum in the containers 200, 202 during use.
Referring to
Referring back to
A nozzle plate 448 is mounted to both of the tower sections 440, 442. A plurality of fasteners 450 secures the nozzle plate 448 to the tower sections 440, 442. The nozzle plate 448 includes a plurality of tapered nozzles 452 integrally formed in the nozzle plate 448 and extending away from the back-up ports 404. The tapered nozzles 452 act as extensions of the back-up ports 404. In use, the hospital vacuum system is connected to the vacuum manifold 430 by placing hospital vacuum tubes (not shown) from the hospital vacuum system onto the tapered nozzles 452. In the preferred embodiment shown, two pairs of the tapered nozzles 452 are provided. Each pair is in fluid communication with the associated main passage 444, 446 in the tower section 440, 442 to which the back-up ports 404 are attached. As a result, during use, two separate vacuum tubes from the hospital vacuum system can be used to provide vacuum to each of the waste containers 200, 202. A pair of o-rings 454 seals the nozzle plate 448 to the back-up ports 404.
Referring specifically to
The first 456 and second 458 cavities form first 484 and second 486 regulating chambers when the first housing portion 432 is connected to the second housing portion 434. The regulating chambers 484, 486 are schematically represented in
Referring to the schematic view of
Referring to
Referring specifically to
Referring to
Referring specifically to
Referring specifically to
Referring to
In
Referring back to
Referring back to
Referring to
A first hollow body section 1316 extends forwardly from the first hollow base section 1306. A second mounting bracket 1318 is integrally formed with the first hollow body section 1316 to mount the first hollow body section 1316 to the vertical chassis 214. A pair of inlets 1320, in the form of barbed nozzles 1320, extends from the first hollow body section 1316. One of the inlets 1320 connects to a vacuum line 1322 that extends from the connector 500 mounted to the first tower section 440 (see
Two hollow neck sections 1326 extend forwardly from the first hollow body section 1316. The two check valves 428 are inserted inside the hollow neck sections 1326 just downstream of the inlets 1320. Retainers 1328 hold the check valves 428 inside the hollow neck sections 1326. The check valves 428 may be check valve cartridges commercially available from Neoperl, Inc. of Waterbury, Conn. An example of such a check valve is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,837,267 to Weis et al., hereby incorporated by reference.
The first hollow base section 1306 and first hollow body section 1316 are integrally formed to define a chamber for receiving the filter cartridge 1304. The filter cartridge 1304 includes a cartridge housing 1330 with a second hollow base section 1332 having a hollow boss 1334. A second hollow body section 1336 extends forwardly from the second hollow body section 1316. The second hollow body section 1336 may be integrally formed with the second hollow base section 1306 or may be a separate component joined to the second hollow base section 1306. A HEPA filter element 1338 is shaped to fit snugly inside the second hollow body section 1336. An activated carbon filter element 1340 is shaped to fit snugly inside the second hollow base section 1332. In one embodiment, the activated carbon filter element 1340 has a porosity of 10 to 30 pores per inch, most preferably 20 pores per inch, and is impregnated with activated carbon. The activated carbon in the activated carbon filter element 1340 helps to remove foul odors associated with the fluid drawn into the vacuum circuit 400. The activated carbon filter element 1340 is preferably provided in a spiral configuration. This spiral configuration provides a compact package that allows longer fluid contact time with the activated carbon since the fluid follows the spiral. The longer contact time, along with the depth of the carbon, allows the activated carbon to remove more foul odors and last longer.
A plastic cover 1341 mounts to the first 1306 and second 1332 hollow base sections to secure the activated carbon filter element 1340 in the second hollow base section 1332 and to secure the filter cartridge 1304 in the filter housing 1302. More specifically, the first 1306 and second 1332 hollow base sections include first 1343 and second 1345 pairs of ears for receiving fasteners (not shown) to mount the cover 1341 to the hollow base sections 1306, 1332. In other embodiments, the cover 1341 may only mount to the second hollow base section 1332 to be an integrated and disposable part of the disposable filter cartridge 1304. In this case, a filter door w/foam backing (not shown) is mounted to the rear cover R and presses against the cover 1341 to hold the filter cartridge 1304 inside the filter housing 1302. In other words, in this embodiment, there are no fasteners holding the filter cartridge 1304 in place in the filter housing 1302.
An o-ring 1342 surrounds the second hollow body section 1336 to seal the second hollow body section 1336 inside the hollow body section 1316 of the filter housing 1302. The o-ring 1342 prevents fluid that enters the filter housing 1302 through the inlets 1320 from passing around the second hollow body section 1336 and instead forces the fluid to enter the HEPA filter element 1338. Likewise, the boss 1334 has an o-ring 1344 that seals the hollow boss 1334 inside the outlet 1310 of the filter housing 1302 to prevent fluid from passing around the hollow boss 1334 on its way out through the outlet 1310. This forces the fluid to pass into the inlets 1320, through the HEPA filter element 1338 and the activated carbon filter element 1340 before exiting through the outlet 1310.
During use, the relief valve 1312 prevents the vacuum pump 402 from overheating. Without the relief valve 1312, the vacuum pump 402 may inadvertently overheat during use when the vacuum pump 402 is operating, but suction is not active in either waste container 200, 202 for prolonged periods of time. The relief valve 1312 is set to allow cool air flow into the vacuum pump 402 when the maximum vacuum level of the vacuum pump 402 has been reached. This cools the vacuum pump 402 and prevents an unwanted shut down. As shown in
Referring to
The filter and float assembly 562 includes a mist trap 570 disposed in the filter compartment 566 such that any fluid, e.g., air, passing into the vacuum port 564 from within the upper canister 218 must first pass through the mist trap 570. The mist trap 570 is preferably a filter element having a porous structure formed of activated carbon material. The porosity of the mist trap 570 is from 5 to 20 pores per inch, most preferably 10 pores per inch. The porous structure works to absorb water droplets entrained in the fluid passing into the vacuum port 564 to prevent fouling of the vacuum pump 402. A retaining member retains the mist trap 570 within the filter compartment 566. The retaining member includes a vent plate 574 defining a plurality of elongated vents 576 to allow the fluid to pass into the mist trap 570. The vent plate 574 includes a sleeve 578 extending upwardly.
Referring specifically to
During use, should the level of the waste material in the upper canister 218 exceed a predetermined threshold, the waste material will lift the float 580 upwardly and drive the second end of the stem 590 further into the vacuum port 564. Eventually, the shoulder 594 will abut the upper cap 222 and prevent further upward movement of the float 580. At this point, the seal member 596 covers the vacuum port 564 and mechanically shuts off the suction draw from the vacuum pump 402. In other words, fluid will be prevented from entering the vacuum port 564 from the upper canister 218. As a result, additional waste material is not suction drawn into the upper waste container 200. The float 580 provides a back-up shut off valve to the vacuum pump 402 should the electronic shut-off fail.
V. Noise AttenuatorReferring to
As previously discussed, the vacuum pump 402 is preferably of the rotary vane type. The vacuum pump 402 is capable of generating vacuum pressures of 0 to 26 inches of Hg. As understood by those skilled in the art, the vacuum pump 402 includes a shaft (not shown) that rotates a plurality of vanes (not shown). The rotation of the vanes produces loud sound waves at a first harmonic frequency F1, a second harmonic frequency F2, a third harmonic frequency F3, etc. The sound waves emanate from the vacuum pump 402 and travel through the fluid. The ability to effectively eliminate the sound waves is hindered by the small space available to do so. The noise attenuator 600 is sufficiently compact to fit within the waste collection unit 102 and more effectively eliminates the sound waves traveling through the fluid than other types of devices currently in use.
The noise attenuator 600 includes a manifold 602, preferably formed of plastic, having an internally-ribbed member 604 defining an inlet 606 and an outlet 608. The manifold 602 also includes a lower box-shaped portion 610 connected to the ribbed member 604. A plurality of fasteners 612 secure the ribbed member 604 to the lower box-shaped portion 610. The box-shaped portion 610 has an open first end 614 and a closed second end 616. A plurality of partitions 618 divides the box-shaped portion 610 into first 624, second 622, and third 620 chambers that are open at the first end and closed at the second end. A cartridge 626 is captured between the ribbed member 604 and the box-shaped portion 610. The cartridge 626 defines a main duct 628 extending between the inlet 606 and the outlet 608.
The main duct 628 accommodates the flow of fluid from the inlet 606, which is connected to the exhaust of the vacuum pump 402, to the outlet 608, which ultimately leads to the external environment. The cartridge 626 includes a peripheral wall 630 and a plurality of interior walls 632 such that the main duct 628 leads around a bend 634 between the inlet 606 and outlet 608. The walls 630, 632 also locate the main duct 628 such that it passes down a center of the cartridge 626. Referring specifically to
As the fluid passes through the main duct 628, the sound waves traveling in the fluid are attenuated by the plurality of chambers 624, 622, 620. The first chamber 624 defines a volume V1 for attenuating the sound waves generated at the first harmonic frequency F1. The first neck 642 extends into the first chamber 624. More specifically, the first neck 642 includes a proximal end integral with the bottom 636 of the cartridge 626 and extends downwardly to a distal end. The distal end of the first neck 642 is suspended in the volume V1 of the first chamber 624. That is, the distal end of the first neck 642 does not contact the box-shaped portion 610.
The first harmonic frequency F1 denotes the frequency at which the acoustic field reaches its largest magnitude. Thus, a significant noise reduction is achieved by attenuating the sound waves at the first harmonic frequency F. The first harmonic frequency F1 is defined by the following equation:
F1=R*N (1)
where F1 is the first harmonic frequency, R is a number of rotations of the shaft per second, and N is a number of vanes. Preferably, R is 25 or greater and N is 4 or greater. More preferably, R is 29 and N is 4. The first harmonic frequency F1 is also defined by the following equation:
where F1 is the first harmonic frequency and is a constant with respect to the noise attenuator, C is a velocity of sound at 17° C., A1 is a cross-sectional area of the first passage 648, V1 is the volume of the first chamber 624, and L1 is a length of the first passage 648. Thus, by fixing the dimensions of the first chamber 624 and the first passage 648, the noise attenuator 600 is tuned to attenuate sound waves at the first harmonic frequency F1. In the preferred embodiment, the first harmonic frequency F1 is 100 Hertz or greater. More preferably, the first harmonic frequency F1 is 116 Hertz. The first chamber 624 and the first neck 642 can be tuned to attenuate sound waves at various frequencies. In alternative embodiments, another equation could be used to define the frequency of a Helmholtz resonator. This equation takes into account end effects of the ‘passage’. It's referred to as “port end correction”, and looks similar to the above-equation, but with an added compensation factor:
where D1 is the diameter of the passage for a round cross-section. For purposes of simplicity, only use of the above-equation will be discussed throughout.
The second chamber 622 attenuates the sound waves at the second harmonic frequency F2. The second chamber 622 defines a volume V2 for attenuating the sound waves generated at the second harmonic frequency F2. The second neck 640 extends into the second chamber 622. More specifically, the second neck 640 includes a proximal end integral with the bottom 636 of the cartridge 626 and extends to a distal end. The distal end of the second neck 640 is suspended in the volume V2 of the second chamber 622. That is, the distal end of the second neck 640 does not contact the box-shaped portion 610.
The second harmonic frequency F2 is double the first harmonic frequency F1 and denotes the frequency at which the acoustic field reaches its next largest magnitude in comparison to the first harmonic frequency F1. Thus, a greater noise reduction is achieved by attenuating the sound waves at the first harmonic frequency F1 and the second harmonic frequency F2 than by merely attenuating the sound waves at the first harmonic frequency F. The second harmonic frequency F2 is defined by the following equation:
where F2 is the second harmonic frequency and is a constant with respect to the noise attenuator, C is the velocity of sound at 17° C., A2 is a cross-sectional area of the second passage 646, V2 is the volume of the second chamber 622, and L2 is a length of the second passage 646. Preferably, the second harmonic frequency F2 is 200 Hertz or greater. More preferably, the second harmonic frequency F2 is 232 Hertz. The second chamber 622 and second passage 646 can be tuned to attenuate sound waves at various frequencies.
The third chamber 620 attenuates the sound waves at the third harmonic frequency F3. The third chamber 620 defines a volume V3 for attenuating the sound waves generated at the third harmonic frequency F3. The third neck 638 extends into the third chamber 620. More specifically, the third neck 638 includes a proximal end integral with the bottom 636 of the cartridge 626 and extends to a distal end. The distal end of the third neck 638 is suspended in the volume V3 of the third chamber 620. That is, the distal end of the third neck 638 does not contact the box-shaped portion 610.
The third harmonic frequency F3 is triple the first harmonic frequency F1 and denotes the frequency at which the acoustic field reaches its next largest magnitude in comparison to the second harmonic frequency F2. Thus, a greater noise reduction is achieved by attenuating the sound waves at the first harmonic frequency F1, the second harmonic frequency F2, and the third harmonic frequency F3 than by merely attenuating the sound waves at the first harmonic frequency F1 and the second harmonic frequency F2. The third harmonic frequency F3 is defined by the following equation:
where F3 is the third harmonic frequency and is a constant with respect to the noise attenuator, C is the velocity of sound at 17° C., A3 is a cross-sectional area of the third passage 644, V3 is the volume of the third chamber 620, and L3 is a length of the third passage 644. Preferably, the third harmonic frequency F3 is 300 Hertz or greater. More preferably, the third harmonic frequency F3 is 348 Hertz. The third chamber 620 and third passage 644 can be tuned to attenuate sound waves at various frequencies. Additional chambers or fewer chambers could be formed to attenuate sound waves at frequencies other than the first harmonic frequency F1, the second harmonic frequency F2, and the third harmonic frequency F3. However, the most significant noise reduction is experienced by attenuating sound waves at all three harmonic frequencies F1, F2, F3.
A muffler 650 is connected to the outlet 608 and is in fluid communication with the main duct 628 for dampening some of the sound waves not attenuated by the chambers 620, 622, 624. Preferably, the muffler 650 extends from an opposite side of the manifold 602 as the remaining sound waves are forced around the bend 634 of the main duct 628 before entering the outlet 608 and the muffler 650. The fluid flow exits the noise attenuator 600 through the muffler 650. Preferably, the muffler 650 is of the type commercially available from Gast Manufacturing, Incorporated. However, the muffler 650 can be any type of muffler capable of fitting with the noise attenuator 600 on the cart 204.
VI. Elbow ConnectorsReferring to
The elbow connector 500 is preferably formed of a plastic material capable of withstanding high vacuum pressures or water pressures. The elbow connector 500 includes a generally L-shaped body 652 with a first arm 654 having a plurality of annular ridges 656 defined on its outer surface. The L-shaped body 652 also includes a second arm 658 with a groove 660 defined in its outer surface. The ridges 656 are configured to grip a vacuum or water line that connects to the first arm 654. An o-ring 662 is seated in the groove 660. A rib 664 (see also
A receptacle 670 receives the elbow connector 500 to complete the connection to the component with which the elbow connector 500 is to be attached. In
A retainer 680 and associated detent clip 682 prevents the elbow connector 500 from popping out of the receptacle 670 once in place. The retainer 680 is preferably formed of round metal stock into a generally U-shape with opposing extensions 684 at each end. Semi-circular grooves 686 are formed in the upper cap 222 for pivotally supporting the extensions 684 such that the retainer 680 can be rotated between an unlocked position in which the retainer 680 lays flat on the upper cap 222 and a locked position (see
When moving to the locked position, as shown in
Referring to
The liquid measuring system 700 includes a sensor rod 702. In the preferred embodiment, the sensor rod 702 is a single sensor rod 702 which runs through both the upper waste chamber 220 of the upper canister 218 and the lower waste chamber 226 of the lower canister 224. Utilizing a single sensor rod 702 is done for efficiency, weight, and cost reasons. However, those skilled in the art realize that multiple sensor rods 702 could be implemented, e.g., one sensor rod 702 for each canister 218, 224.
In the preferred embodiment, the sensor rod 702 is formed of a magnetostrictive (or ferromagnetic) material. Those skilled in the art realize that magnetostrictive materials change in shape when subjected to a magnetic field. A transceiver 704 is electrically connected to the sensor rod 702 and preferably disposed above said upper canister 218. The transceiver 704 generates an interrogation pulse that propagates along the sensor rod 702. This interrogation pulse is thus directed downward and creates an electromagnetic field as it travels along the sensor rod 702. Thus, the sensor rod 702 acts as a waveguide for the interrogation pulse.
A plurality of reflecting elements are disposed adjacent to and along the sensor rod 702. The reflecting elements cause return pulses to be reflected back toward the transceiver 704 in response to receiving the interrogation pulse. In the preferred embodiment, each reflecting element includes at least one magnet. The magnets create magnetic fields in the magnetostrictive sensor rod 702 which result in the return pulses. The liquid measuring system 700 of the preferred embodiment includes four reflecting elements. An upper reference element 706 and an upper float element 708 are associated with the upper waste container 200. A lower reference element 710 and a lower float element 712 are associated with the lower waste container 202. The upper float element 708 is disposed within the upper waste container 200 and the lower float element 712 is disposed within the lower waste container 202.
The float elements 708, 712 are preferably doughnut shaped and buoyant such that they float on a surface of the liquid stored in each respective canister 218, 224. Both float elements are slidably mounted to the sensor rod 702. The upper reference element 706 is disposed adjacent the bottom 230 of the upper waste container 200 and the lower reference element 710 is disposed adjacent the bottom 232 of the lower waste container 202. Preferably, the reference elements 706, 710 are also disposed outside of each respective canister 218, 224, such that they do not come into contact with liquid. However, the reference elements 706, 710 could be disposed within each respective canister 218, 224 and not buoyant, such that they sink to the bottom of each respective canister 218, 224. The sensor rod 702, elements 706, 708, 710, 712, and transceiver 704 may be implemented with “M-Series Digital” components available from MTS Systems Corporation, Sensor Division, located in Cary, N.C.
As stated above, due to their proximity to the sensor rod 702, the elements 706, 708, 710, 712 cause return pulses to reflect back towards the transceiver 704 in response to the interrogation pulse. Specifically, the upper float element 706 causes an upper float return pulse, the upper reference element 708 causes an upper reference return pulse, the lower float element 710 causes a lower float return pulse, and the lower reference element 712 causes a lower reference return pulse. The transceiver 704 receives these return pulses caused by the elements 706, 708, 710, 712. Since the elements 706, 708, 710, 712 are spaced apart from one another, the pulses are received at the transceiver 704 at different times. The delays between the times are generally proportional to the amount of spacing between the elements 706, 708, 710, 712. Therefore, the delays are utilized to estimate the amount of liquid and other waste material in each canister 218, 224, as is described in greater detail below.
Upon the generation of the interrogation pulse and receipt of the subsequent return pulses transceiver 704 produces a transceiver signal. The transceiver signal provides a momentary state change (e.g., a logical high pulse) in real-time for the interrogation pulse and each return pulse. Thus, each time an interrogation pulse is emitted and four return pulses are received, five (5) distinct momentary state changes are output. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in
The system 700 further includes a logic circuit 716. The logic circuit 716 is electrically connected to the buffering and isolation circuit 714, and thus in communication with the transceiver 704. The logic circuit 716 is preferably implemented utilizing a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). One suitable FPGA is the Spartan-3 manufactured by Xilinx, Inc., headquartered in San Jose, Calif. Of course, those skilled in the art realize other suitable techniques and devices to implement the logic circuit 716.
The logic circuit 716 digitally filters the transceiver signal received from the transceiver 704. Specifically, the logic circuit 716 preferably acts as a double-stage finite impulse response (FIR) filter. This filter acts as a low-pass filter, i.e., eliminating higher frequencies, to give an average reading for each return pulse time. Thus, the effect of the movement of the liquids within the containers 200, 202 is lessened. After filtering, the logic circuit 716 also generates time data corresponding to the times of the interrogation pulse and the return pulses. Said another way, the logic circuit 716 provides a numeric value for each time which is used in further computations. The logic circuit 716 measures the elapsed time from the receipt of the momentary state change representative of the interrogation pulse to receipt of the momentary state change representative of the receipt of each return pulse. Thus for each momentary state change representative of the receipt of a return pulse, the logic circuit 716 outputs a data packet in which data is contained indicating the elapsed time between transmission of the interrogation pulse and the receipt of the return pulse. Therefore, four (4) such data packets, one for each return pulse, are output from the logic circuit 716.
A liquid measuring controller 718 is electrically connected to the logic circuit 716 for transmitting and receiving data from the logic circuit 716. The liquid measuring controller 718 is preferably a microprocessor based device, such as a microcontroller. A program memory 719 is also electrically connected to the liquid measuring controller 718. The program memory 719 contains a non-volatile copy of the software program that is run by the logic circuit 716, which has a volatile memory which may clear upon loss of power. Therefore, upon startup, the liquid measuring controller 718 reads the program from the program memory 719 and transmits the program to the logic circuit 716. The liquid measuring controller 718 and the logic circuit 716 are also electrically connected to a communications bus 721. The communications bus 721 is electrically connected to the main controller 342. Thus, the liquid measuring controller 718 and the logic circuit 716 are in communication with the main controller 342. As such, the main controller 342 may also be considered to be in communication with the transceiver 704.
The main controller 342 utilizes the elapsed time data from the logic circuit 716 to estimate a volume of liquid in the lower waste container 202 and a volume of liquid in the upper waste container 200. By utilizing the times provided by the transceiver 704 and the basic geometry of each container 200, 202, the main controller 342 provides a fairly accurate estimation of the volume stored in each container 200, 202. However, other factors may affect the accuracy of this estimation. These factors include, but are not limited to, normal variations in the dimensions of the waste containers 200, 202 from a mathematical model as well as variations in the dimensions resulting from the manufacturing process, volumetric expansion and contraction of the containers and the liquid due to temperature, variation caused by the electronics of the transceiver 704, and disturbances in the liquid stored in the container 200, 202 caused by the flow of air within the container 200, 202.
Since the sensor rod 702 is essentially linear, the basic relationship between times t of the return pulses and distances Z of the return pulses is also linear. This basic relationship is developed from the general equation for a line (y=mx+b) and can be described as
t=Z·G+b,
where G is the gradient (or slope) of the linear relationship between time t and distance Z in the sensor rod 702 and b represents the time t when the distance Z equals zero (i.e., at the very top of the sensor rod 702). Applying the above equation to each element 706, 708, 710, 712 provides
tUFE=ZUFE*G+b,
tURE=ZURE*G+b,
tLFE=ZLFE*G+b, and
tLRE=ZLRE*G+b,
where “UFE” refers to the upper float element 708, “URE” refers to the upper reference element 706, “LFE” refers to the lower float element 712, and “LRE” refers to the lower reference element 710. By first solving for the distances ZUFE, ZURE, ZLFE, ZLRE, the volume of liquid in each container 200, 202 may be estimated. The gradient G is not affected by temperature; however, b is affected by temperature. In the preferred embodiment, the transceiver 704 is preprogrammed by its manufacturer with the gradient G of the transceiver 704/sensor rod 702 combination. This gradient G may then be communicated from the transceiver 704 to the main controller 342 for use in volumetric calculations.
In the preferred embodiment, an upper memory device 720 is coupled to the upper waste container 200 and a lower memory device 722 is coupled to the lower waste container 202. The liquid measuring controller 718 is in communication with the memory devices 720, 722 and receives data stored on the devices 720, 722. The memory devices 720, 722 are preferably Non-volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) devices, however, other suitable memory devices are known to those skilled in the art. The memory devices 720, 722 each store a series of calibration data points. In the upper memory device 720, each calibration data point correlates a known volume stored in the upper container 200 to the difference between the upper reference element time tURE and upper float element time tUFE when the known volume is in the upper container 200 at a known, calibration temperature TCAL. In the lower memory device 722, each calibration data point correlates a known volume stored in the lower container 202 to the difference between the lower reference element time tLRE and lower float element time tLFE when the known volume is in the lower container 200 at the known calibration temperature TCAL. The data stored in each memory device 720, 722 is unique to that specific container 200, 202 for which it is coupled to.
As described above, the canisters 218, 224 each define respective chambers 220, 226. In the preferred embodiment, the interior chambers 220, 226 of the waste containers 200, 202 are each generally shaped as a frustum of a right circular cone. However, the bottom of each chamber 220, 226 is irregularly shaped (i.e., not shaped like the bottom of the frustum of the right circular cone). Therefore, each container 200, 202 is prefilled with an amount of liquid to provide a prefill level, which is a “zero point” or “tare point” from which to make volumetric calculations. In other words, the prefilled liquid forms the bottom of the frustum of the right circular cone. The distances XU, XL between the prefill level and the respective reference element 708, 712 may be stored in the respective memory device 720, 722. The prefilled liquid also functions to lift the float elements 706, 710 up from the bottom of each chamber 220, 226. Those skilled in the art realize that the volume of liquid stored in each container 200, 202 may be computed for other shapes, including, but not limited to, cylindrical or spherical shapes.
The liquid measuring system 700 of the preferred embodiment also includes an upper temperature sensor 724 for sensing a temperature of the upper waste container 200 and a lower temperature sensor 726 for sensing a temperature of the lower waste container 202. Preferably, the lower temperature sensor 726 is coupled to the lower waste container 202 and the upper temperature sensor 724 is coupled to the upper waste container 200. The temperatures sensors 724, 726 may be implemented as thermocouples or RTDs, which are typically placed in contact with the item being measured (e.g., the containers 200, 202). Alternatively, the temperature sensors 724, 726 may be an infrared temperature sensor that need not contact the containers 200, 202. The temperatures sensors 724, 726 are in communication with the main controller 342 such that the main controller 342 receives the temperature of each container 200, 202.
The memory devices 720, 722 and the temperature sensors 724, 726 are electrically connected to the liquid measurement controller 718. Thus, the memory devices 720, 722 and the temperature sensors 724, 726 are in communication with the main controller 342. A pair of connectors (not numbered), one connector for each container 200, 202, allows for the electrical connection and disconnection of the memory devices 720, 722 and the temperature sensors 724, 726 from the liquid measurement controller 718. Therefore, when container 200, 202 is replaced, a different memory device 720, 722 (having different, unique data points) and temperature sensor 724, 726 are then in communication with the main controller 342.
The main controller 342 utilizes the data points provided by the memory devices 720, 722 and temperatures provided by the temperature sensors 724, 726, along with the interrogation pulse/return pulse elapsed time values to generate its estimates of the volumes stored in the containers 200, 202. The main controller 342 may also use the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the containers 200, 202 in its estimate of the volume stored in each container 200, 202.
In the preferred embodiment, the estimated volume VEST of the liquid stored in each container is the sum of the volume VC based on the calibration data points at the calibration temperature TCAL and the volume change ΔV due to temperature variation. In short,
VEST=VC+ΔV.
To compute VC for each tank, the main controller calculates the difference between the time of the float element tUFE, tLFE from the time of the reference element tURE, tLRE. The main controller then interpolates the volume VC by using the calculated difference and data points from the appropriate memory device 720, 722. To compute ΔV for each tank, the main controller utilizes the formula
which is based on the formula for a frustum of a right circular cone. The coefficient of thermal expansion CTE for each tank may be stored in the memory devices 720, 722 or the main controller 342. The height h represents the distance between the appropriate float element 706, 710 and the prefill level and can be computed using the distances XU, XL stored in the memory devices 720, 722. The lower radius r represents the radius of the appropriate interior chamber 220, 226 at the prefill level and may also be stored in the memory devices 720, 722. The upper radius R may be computed using the formula
R=h*(RT−r)/H+r,
where RT is the radius of the top of the chamber 220, 226, and H is the distance between the top of the chamber (where RT is measured) and the prefill level. These values may be stored in the memory devices 720, 722 or the main controller 342. Finally, ΔT is the temperature difference between the temperature T measured by the temperature sensors 724, 726 and the calibration temperature TCAL.
Once the estimate of the volumes VEST for each container 200, 202 is calculated by the main controller 342, the volumes VEST are communicated to the control panel display 380 and/or a volume display 728. The displayed volumes may be utilized by health care professionals and other users of the mobile collection unit 102. A detailed illustration of the control panel 310 of the preferred embodiment, including the control panel display 380, is shown in
The mobile collection unit 102 may also include an upper canister lamp 730 and a lower canister lamp 732, each in communication with the main controller 342. The upper canister lamp 730 illuminates the upper canister 218 and the lower canister lamp 732 illuminates the lower canister 224. The illumination of the canisters 218, 224 may be seen through the transparent windows 362, 364. The canister lamps 730, 732 may be activated in response to the estimated volume of the liquid in each canister 218, 224 as calculated by the main controller 342. The canister lamps 730, 732 may each be capable of displaying different color light, for example, having multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different colors. In the preferred embodiment, the canister lamps 730, 732 may display a green color light when the volume of liquid in each respective canister 218, 224 is below a predetermined level and display a red color light when the volume of liquid is at or above the predetermined level. This allows users of the mobile collection unit 102 to easily see when one or both of the canisters 218, 224 are reaching a “full” point.
VIII. Smoke EvacuationReferring to
The smoke evacuation system 800 includes a smoke conduit 802. The smoke conduit 802 includes an inlet 804, where the fluid is drawn into the conduit 802, and an outlet 805, where fluid is exhausted from the conduit 802. The fluid is preferably air, along with the smoke that is generated during the medical procedures, e.g., surgical operations. A blower 806 is in fluid communication with the smoke conduit 802 for drawing the fluid into the inlet 804 when the blower 806 is rotated. Those skilled in the art realize that the blower 806 may alternatively be referred to as a “fan” or a “pump”. The blower 806 includes a blower motor 808 for operating the blower 806. In the preferred embodiment, the blower 806 may be a multi-stage centrifugal blower and the blower motor 808 may be a brush motor. However, those skilled in the art realize alternative embodiments utilizing different implementations of blower 806 and blower motor 808.
The smoke evacuation system 800 also includes a filter 809 in fluid communication with the smoke conduit. The filter 809 filters smoke from the smoke conduit, such that “clean” air is exhausted from the outlet 805. The filter 809 may be implemented as a plurality of filters and/or a plurality of filter elements 811, 813. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in
Referring now to
In the preferred embodiment, the blower control circuit 810 includes an AC input photocoupler 812. The AC input photocoupler 812 includes a pair of light emitting diodes (LEDs) (not numbered) connected inversely and in parallel. The LEDs drive a phototransistor (not numbered) having a base, a collector, and an emitter. One suitable AC input photocoupler 812 is the model number H11A11 manufactured by Fairchild Semiconductor, headquartered in South Portland, Me. A 120 VAC supply is electrically connected to the LEDs. The emitter of the phototransistor is grounded and the collector is pulled to DC power through a resistor. The collector the phototransistor generates a narrow pulse that is in phase with the AC power of the 120 VAC supply and represents the zero crossing of the AC power.
The blower control circuit 810 also includes a first comparator 814 and a second comparator 816. Each comparator 814, 816 includes an inverting input, a non-inverting input, and an output. The inverting input of the first comparator 814 is electrically connected to the collector of the phototransistor of the AC input photocoupler 812. The non-inverting input of the first comparator 814 is electrically connected to a reference voltages set to one-half the value of the DC power. The output of the first comparator 814 generates a 0 to 3 volt sawtooth waveform that is in phase with the AC power and whose frequency is twice that of the AC power. The output of the first comparator 814 is electrically connected to the inverting input of the second comparator 816. An analog signal (as described further below), is electrically connected to the non-inverting input of the second comparator 816. The output of the second comparator 816 generates a square wave that is in phase with the AC power and whose pulse width is directly proportional to the amplitude of the analog signal. The output of the second comparator 816 is applied to a solid state switch 817 that supplies power to the blower motor 808. The amount of power supplied to the blower motor 808, and thus the speed of the blower 806, is directly proportional to the amplitude of the analog signal.
The smoke evacuation system 800 also includes a smoke evacuation controller 818. The smoke evacuation controller 818 is preferably a microprocessor based device such as a microcontroller. However, those skilled in the art realize other techniques to implement the smoke evacuation controller 818. In the preferred embodiment, the smoke evacuation controller 818 produces a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal. The PWM signal provides pulses, of varying width. The widths of the PWM signal vary based on the desired power to be applied to the blower motor 808. Alternatively, a separate PWM circuit (not shown) may be in communication with the smoke evacuation controller 818 to generate the PWM signal.
The smoke evacuation controller 818 is in communication with the blower control circuit 810. Specifically, in the preferred embodiment, the PWM signal is converted to the analog signal described above. The analog signal is proportional to the PWM signal, and thus, the amount of power supplied to the blower motor 808 is directly proportional to the PWM signal.
A smoke sensor 820 is in fluid communication with the smoke conduit 802 and is electrically connected to the controller 818. Preferably, the smoke sensor 820 is disposed inline with the smoke conduit 802 such that the fluid flowing through the conduit 802 may be sensed before passing through the filter 809. In the preferred embodiment, the smoke sensor 820 is disposed between the filter enclosure 807 and the filter cap 815 such that the smoke sensor 820 senses the fluid prior to filtering by the filter elements 811, 813. Said another way, the smoke sensor 820 is upstream from the filter elements 811, 813. Since the smoke sensor is disposed within the filter enclosure 807, the smoke sensor 820 is replaced along with the filter 809. As smoke sensors 820 may become dilapidated over time and use, periodic replacement of the smoke sensor 820, along with the filter 809, helps ensure accurate readings from the smoke sensor 820. Referring to
The smoke sensor 820 senses an amount of smoke traveling through the smoke conduit 802 and produces a smoke sensor signal which corresponds to the amount of smoke in the smoke conduit 802. The smoke sensor signal is then communicated to the smoke evacuation controller 818. In the preferred embodiment, the smoke sensor 820 is further includes an infrared (IR) lamp (not shown) for generating IR light and an IR detector (not shown) for sensing the IR light generated by the IR lamp. The fluid in the smoke conduit 802 passes between the IR lamp and the IR detector. When smoke is present in the fluid, the particles of the smoke will reflect the IR light received by the IR detector. Thus, the smoke sensor 820 may determine the presence of smoke in the smoke conduit 802 and relay this determination to the controller 818.
The controller 818 varies the PWM signal in response to the smoke sensor signal. In the preferred embodiment, the controller 818 utilizes three discrete PWM signals in an automatic mode. In the automatic mode, a first PWM signal is provided to the blower control circuit 810, which in turn provides electrical power at a first level to the blower motor 808 such that the blower 806 rotates at a first speed. At this first speed, suction at the inlet 804 of the smoke conduit 802 is kept at a minimal level. That is, just enough suction is provided to draw fluid into the smoke conduit 802, such that smoke can be sensed by the smoke sensor 820.
As described above, the controller 818 receives a smoke sensor signal representing an amount of smoke sensed in the smoke conduit 802. When smoke is detected in the smoke conduit 802, i.e., when the amount of smoke exceeds a predetermined limit, the controller 812 will provide a second PWM signal to the blower control circuit 810. The circuit 810 then increases electrical power to the blower motor 808 to a second level greater than the first level. The second level is used to quickly accelerate the rotation of the blower. After operating the blower motor 808 at the second level, the controller 812 then provides a third PWM signal to decrease electrical power to the blower motor 808 to a third level. The third level is less than the second level, but greater than the first level. At the third level, the blower 806 will rotate at a second speed, which is faster than the first speed.
With the blower 806 operating at the second speed, the blower 806 will generate more suction at the inlet 804 than when the blower 806 is operating at the first speed. This allows smoke, which has been detected by the smoke sensor 820, to be quickly evacuated from the surgical operation and filtered by the filter 809. While the blower 806 is operating at the second speed, the smoke sensor 820 continues to evaluate the fluid for smoke. After the smoke in the smoke conduit 802 is less than a predetermined limit, the controller 820 will reestablish the first PWM signal to the blower control circuit 810 to return the blower motor 808 to the first level of operation, and the blower 806 will be reduced to the first speed.
By operating the blower 806 at the first (i.e., slow) speed, noise caused by the blower 806 is noticeably reduced. This helps maintain a more peaceful environment when delicate surgical operations are being performed. However, by quickly ramping up to the second and third (i.e., faster) speeds, the smoke evacuation system 800 retains the performance level needed to quickly evacuate smoke from the surgical area. In some embodiments, this “automatic” mode of smoke evacuation may be set by the user on the control panel 310 or can be continuously operating. In addition, the user may be able to vary the speed of the blower motor 808 manually.
The smoke evacuation system 800 may also include a differential pressure sensor (not shown) for sensing a differential pressure across the filter 809 or filter elements 811, 813. The differential pressure sensor is in communication with the main controller 342 and communicates the differential pressure to the main controller 342. When differential pressure reaches a predetermined level, such as when the filter 809 or filter elements 811, 813 begin to get clogged, the main controller 342 may then alert a user of the mobile waste collection unit 102 via the control panel display 380. The differential pressure sensor may be an analog-type, providing a number representing the differential pressure, or a switch, which provides a digital signal when the differential pressure reaches the predetermined level.
IX. Adjustable IV Pole with Auto-Down Feature
The mobile waste collection unit 102 includes an intravenous (IV) bag support pole assembly 900. Referring now to
There are several advantages to the telescopic IV bag support pole 904. First, the IV bag hooks 912 may be brought down to a conveniently low position, allowing medical personnel, especially those personnel having a smaller stature, to attach IV bags 902, which are often heavy. Second, the IV bag hooks 912 and attached IV bags 902 may be lifted to a high position, thus generating greater head pressure, which is often advantageous in surgical procedures. Also, the mobile waste collection unit 102 is more easily movable when the IV bag support pole 904 is in the fully retracted position.
In the preferred embodiment, the pole segments 910, 911 include a fixed pole segment 910 and a movable pole segment 911. The movable pole segment 911 fits inside the fixed pole segment 910 when the pole is in the fully retracted position. Referring now to
The assembly 900 also includes a direct current (DC) motor 920 supported by a motor mount 922. The DC motor 920 has a rotatable shaft (not labeled) operable by an electrical portion (not labeled). The electrical portion of the DC motor 920 utilizes direct current to effectuate rotation of the rotatable shaft. The DC motor 920 is preferably bidirectional, such that the rotatable shaft may rotate in either direction. One suitable DC motor 920 is the Model GM9236, manufactured by Pittman, a PennEngineering Company, located in Harleysville, Pa. Of course those skilled in the art realize other suitable motors and also realize that mechanical linkages may provide the bidirectional rotation of the rotatable shaft without the need for the DC motor 920 to be bidirectional.
The rotatable shaft of the DC motor 920 is operably connected to the movable pole segment 911. In the preferred embodiment, the rotatable shaft is operably connected to the first block 918 for slidably actuating the first block 918, and thus, actuating the movable pole segment 911. A belt 924 provides the connection between the first block 918 and the DC motor 920. The belt 924 preferably has a first end (not labeled) and a second end (not labeled). The first end is connected to the first block 918 while the second end is connected to a second block 926. The second block 926, like the first block 918, is slidable along the base shaft 916. A roller 928 is connected to the base shaft 916 near a top of the base shaft 916. The belt 924 wraps around both the roller 928 and the rotable shaft of the DC motor 920. As best seen in
The electrical portion of the DC motor 920 includes a pair of electrical leads (not labeled). Referring now to
A brake 939 is utilized to maintain a current position of the pole, when the DC motor 920 is not operating. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in
Referring again to
The pole controller 940 is also electrically connected to the communications bus 721, such that the pole controller 940 may communicate with the main controller 342. Referring to
Referring again to
An up limit switch 946 and a down limit switch 948 may also be electrically connected to the pole controller 940. The limit switches 946, 948 are preferably coupled to the pole 904 to sense when the pole 904 is at the fully extended position and the fully retracted position. When reaching one of these positions, the associated switch 946 or 948 undergoes an open/closed state change. The open/closed state change of the switch 946 or 948 causes a change in the voltage across the switch. This voltage change is sensed by the pole controller. In response to the change in signal level, the pole controller deactivates the motor 920 to prevent damage to it or the components connected thereto.
As best seen in
The spring mechanism 950 includes a spring-loaded tape 952 wrapped around a pin 954. The pin 954 is supported by the motor mount 922. An end of the tape 952 is connected to the first block 918. The spring mechanism 950 and tape 952 are sized to slowly retract the movable pole segment 911 at a rate of descent that doesn't cause damage to the various components of the assembly 900, provided that IV bags 902 or other items are not providing a downward force on the movable pole segment 911. Shock absorbing coils 956 are utilized to help create a “soft landing” for the movable pole segment 911.
However, should additional weight, such as IV bags 902, provide a downward force on the movable pole segment 911, the spring mechanism 950 and shock absorbing coils 956 may not be adequate to prevent damage to the assembly 900. Therefore, a slowdown circuit 958, as shown in
The rotatable shaft of the DC motor 920 will resist rotating when the electrical leads are shorted (i.e., electrically connected) together. Therefore, the slowdown circuit 958 includes a shorting switch 960 electrically connected between the pair of electrical leads. The shorting switch 960 shorts the pair of electrical leads together when the shorting switch 960 is activated. The shorting switch 960 is preferably implemented as a MOSFET, however, other suitable electrical components, such as a relay, may alternatively be utilized.
The slowdown circuit 958 also includes a shorting activation circuit 962. The shorting activation circuit 962 is electrically connected to the shorting switch 960 and produces a shorting signal to activate the shorting switch 960. The shorting activation circuit 962 is also electrically connected to the electrical portion of the DC motor 920. As the movable pole segment 911 drops (due to gravity and the spring mechanism 950), the rotable shaft of the DC motor 920 rotates and the DC motor 920 acts as a generator, creating an electromotive force (EMF). This EMF, commonly referred to as a “back EMF” or a “back torque” provides the electrical power for operation of the slowdown circuit 958 (including the shorting activation circuit 962 and the shorting switch 960).
The shorting activation circuit 962 primarily includes a pair of comparators 964 connected as shown in
At least one relay 966 is electrically connected to the electrical portion of the DC motor 920, the motor control circuit 932, and the slowdown circuit 958. In the preferred embodiment, a pair of relays 966 is utilized, but those skilled in the art realize other implementations, including a single relay 966 with multiple sets of contacts. The relays 966 electrically connect the electrical portion of the DC motor 920 to the motor control circuit 932 when the motor power is available and electrically connect the electrical portion to the slowdown circuit 958 when the motor power is unavailable. Thus, the motor control circuit 932 and the slowdown circuit 958 are electrically isolated from one another.
X. DockingReferring to
A water valve 1012 is also disposed inside the cabinet 1000. The water valve 1012 is connected to a water source W in the health care facility. The water valve 1012 may be connected to a hot water source, a cold water source, or any combination thereof. A water line 1014 extends from the water valve 1012 to a water coupling 1011. An injector 1016 is coupled to the water line 1014 to inject cleaner into the water line 1014. A container 1018 of cleaner may be disposed outside of the cabinet 1000 with an intake line 1021 of the injector 1016 feeding into the container 1018 such that as the container 1018 is depleted, a new container of cleaner can replace it by simply moving the intake line 1021 to the new container. The water valve 1012 and injector 1016 are used to convey water, with or without cleaner, into a cleaning system of the waste collection unit 102 when the waste collection unit 102 is docked to the docking station 104.
Referring back to
Referring to
When the waste collection unit 102 is ready to be emptied, the waste collection unit 102 is wheeled to the docking station 104 to mate with the docking station 104, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring specifically to
The stepper motor 1076 is electronically controlled by the docking controller 1020 through the main controller 342 and is used to raise and lower the coupling plate 1082. One end of the lead screw 1078 is rotatably mounted in the top plate 1070 such that the lead screw 1078 rotates relative to the top plate 1070 without moving up or down relative to the top plate 1070. The lead screw 1078 of the stepper motor 1076 threadably engages the coupling plate 1082 to raise and lower the coupling plate 1082 relative to the floating frame 1036. Guide rods 1080 are fixed to the coupling plate 1082 via threaded connections. Guide bushings 1084 are press fit into a pair of openings 1086 (see
Referring specifically to
Referring to
Referring to
When the carrier 1100 of the waste collection unit 102 interfaces with the floating frame 1036 of the head 1030 of the docking station 104, the couplings 1010, 1011, 1026, 1027 become aligned to facilitate connection to one another, e.g., the waste couplings 1010, 1026 align with one another and the water couplings 1011, 1027 align with one another, such that the docking station 104 can drain the waste material from the waste containers 200, 202, and the docking station 104 can inject cleaner into the waste containers 200, 202 and rinse the waste containers 200, 202.
The carrier 1100 includes a block 1104 with guides, in the form of reinforced guide walls 1106, extending downwardly from the block 1104. The guide walls 1106 on the carrier 1100 act against the cover plate 1108 to slide the cover plate 1108 to expose the head 1030 and the pair of openings 1098 from which the docker couplings 1010, 1011 rise. A pair of stops 1118 protrudes from the block 1104 to engage the floating frame 1036 and prevent over-alignment of the couplings 1010, 1011, 1026, 1027. A pair of guide rails 1107 is attached to an underside of the block 1104. The guide rails 1107 slide under the outer hanging edges of the top plate 1070 of the floating frame 1036 to further assist in vertically and horizontally aligning the docker couplings 1010, 1011 to the rover couplings 1026, 1027 (see
The couplings 1010, 1011, 1026, 1027 are best shown in
Each of the rover couplings 1026, 1027 includes a rover coupling housing 1132 that threads into threaded openings in the block 1104 of the carrier 1100. An o-ring 1135 seals the rover coupling housing 1132 in the threaded openings. The rover coupling housing 1132 has a first open end with an inner annular shoulder 1133 (see
Referring to
In
Referring to
The cleaning circuit 1150 comprises a supply line 1152 that extends from the water coupling 1027 on the waste collection unit 102 to a tee 1154. From the tee 1154, the supply line 1152 is split into an upper supply line 1156 and a lower supply line 1158. The lower supply line 1158 includes an electronically operated lower solenoid valve 1162. The lower solenoid valve 1162 controls the flow of liquid into the lower waste container 202. The upper supply line 1156 includes a matching electronically operated upper solenoid valve 1160 to control the flow of liquid into the upper waste container 200.
The upper supply line 1156 opens into an on-board reservoir 1164 for storing water to provide the prefill discussed above with respect to the fluid measuring system. The upper supply line 1156 continues to the upper cap 222 of the upper waste container 200. A secondary supply line 1166 splits flow from the upper supply line 1156, just below the on-board reservoir 1164. A first end of the secondary supply line 1166 is located below the on-board reservoir 1164 with respect to gravity to be able to drain the on-board reservoir 1164 during use. A second end of the secondary supply line 1166 empties into the upper waste container 200. A prefill pump 1168 conveys the stored water from the on-board reservoir 1164 through the secondary supply line 1166 into the upper waste container 200 during use to provide the desired tare volume of liquid in the upper canister 218. The prefill pump 1168 automatically pumps a predetermined amount of liquid into the upper canister 218 after each time the upper waste container 200 is dumped into the lower waste container 202 and after each cleaning. The prefill pump 1168 is controlled by a prefill controller 1169 in communication with the main controller 342.
Referring to
Referring to
A plurality of jet ports 1182 are defined in the sprinkler head 1180 for directing the water, with or without cleaner, from the docking station 104 to inside the waste containers 200, 202, to clean the waste containers 200, 202. Referring specifically to
The jet ports 1182 are preferably formed in an asymmetric pattern (see
The cleaning system can be activated after the waste material has been off-loaded from the waste collection unit 102 to the waste drain D by the off-load pump 1004. Once this occurs, cleaning occurs based on the user desired level of cleaning. This can be accomplished by selecting a dial position or pressing a pushbutton 1190 on the control panel 310. The user may select between a “quick clean” option, a “normal clean” option, and an “extended clean” option. The user's selection is transmitting via a control signal to the main controller 342, which then instructs the docking controller 1020 on the docking station 104 to act accordingly. Cleaning of the waste containers 200, 202 may also occur automatically after the waste material has been drained from the waste containers 200, 202.
These cleaning options may simply be based on the amount of time that the waste containers 200, 202 are cleaned or may be based on the number of clean/rinse cycles performed. For instance, when the “quick clean” option is selected, the waste material is first dumped via the off-load pump 1004 to the waste drain D. Once the waste containers 200, 202 are emptied, the main controller 342 instructs the docking controller 1020 to open the water valve 1012 and inject cleaner from the container 1018 into the water line 1014 via the injector 1016. The water with cleaner then flows through the water coupling 1011 of the docking station 104 and the water coupling 1027 of the waste collection unit 102 to the upper 1156 and lower 1158 supply lines. The main controller 342 then opens the upper solenoid valve 1160 to allow the water with cleaner to flow through the upper 1156 supply line to the sprinkler 1170 in the upper waste container 200 to spray the water with cleaner, under pressure, into the upper waste container 200. The water with cleaner includes a ratio of cleaner to water of from 1:80 to 1:214, most preferably 1:128 or 1 ounce of cleaner per gallon of water. The transfer valve 276 remains open to allow the water with cleaner to flow from the upper waste container 200 to the lower waste container 202.
After the water with cleaner is sprayed in the upper waste container 200 for a predetermined period of time, the main controller 342 closes the upper solenoid valve 1160 and opens the lower solenoid valve 1162 to repeat the process for the lower waste container 202. In some instances, when there is enough water pressure present, both solenoid valves 1160, 1162 can be opened to clean both of the waste containers 200, 202 at the same time. While the lower waste container 202 is cleaned, the off-load pump 1004 can be continuously operating to dump the dirty water with cleaner into the waste drain D, or the off-load pump 1004 can be intermittently operated by the main controller 342 based on liquid levels measured in the lower waste container 202. After both the upper 200 and lower 202 waste containers have been cleaned, cleaner is no longer injected into the water line 1014 and water without cleaner flows through the cleaning system in a similar operation to rinse the upper 200 and lower 202 waste containers. When the “normal clean” option or “extended clean” options are selected, these clean/rinse cycles could be repeated two or more times. The “extended clean” option may also include soaking the canisters 218, 224 in detergent to remove more soil, grime, or waste material.
It should be appreciated that several different combinations of clean/rinse cycles, clean/rinse times, cleaner concentration, water flow, and the like could provide unlimited options. In any event, the cleaning cycle is dictated by the main controller 342, i.e., the main controller (including appropriate microprocessors) is programmed to instruct the docking controller 1020 as to when the water valve 1012 should be open/closed, when the cleaner should be injected into the water line 1014 by the injector 1016, how much cleaner should be injected into the water line 1014, and which solenoid valve 1160, 1162 should be opened to allow the flow of water with or without cleaner into the waste containers 200, 202.
XII. Power and Data CouplerThe mobile waste collection unit 102 requires both electrical power and data communications when docked with the docking station 104 to perform the various functions described above (e.g., offloading of waste material, cleaning, etc.). Therefore, the waste collection and disposal system 100 includes a power coupler 1200 and a data coupler 1202, as shown in
In the preferred embodiment, the power coupler 1200 transfers electrical power via an inductive coupling. The power coupler 1200 includes a first winding 1204 supported by the fixed docking station 104. The first winding 1204 is electrically connected to a fixed power source 1206, such as a hospital's utility power. The power coupler 1200 further includes a second winding 1208 supported by the mobile waste collection unit 102. When the mobile waste collection unit 102 is docked with the fixed docking station 104, the first and second windings 1204, 1208 are brought in close proximity to one another and inductively coupled together. Therefore, electric power can be transferred across a dielectric gap 1210. This electric power can then be used by various systems of the mobile waste collection unit 102. Those skilled in the art realize that when the first and second windings 1204, 1208 have a substantially similar number of coils, the voltage of the electric power transferred across the power coupler 1200 will also be substantially similar. This voltage may be altered by modifying the ratio of coils between the first and second windings 1204, 1208.
A frequency modulator 1220 is preferably electrically connected between the power source 1206 and the first winding 1204. The frequency modulator 1220 alters the frequency of the signal from the power source 1206 to match the resonant frequency of the load provided by the various systems of the mobile waste collection unit 102. A phase sensor 1222 is electrically connected between the frequency modulator 1220 and the first winding 1204 to sense the phase difference between the current and voltage being provided to the first winding 1204. This phase difference is communicated to the frequency modulator 1220 such that the frequency modulator 1220 may vary the frequency to match the resonant frequency.
The data coupler 1202 of the preferred embodiment transfers data via an inductive coupling. The data coupler 1202 includes a third winding 1212 supported by the fixed docking station 104. The docking controller 1020 is electrically connected to the third winding 1212. The data coupler 1202 also includes a fourth winding 1214 supported by the mobile waste collection unit 102. When the mobile waste collection unit 102 is docked with the fixed docking station 104, the third and fourth windings 1212, 1214 are brought in close proximity to one another and inductively coupled together. The fourth winding is electrically connected to the main controller 342. Thus, the docking controller 1020 and the main controller 342 are able to communicate data back and forth, when the mobile waste collection unit 102 is docked with the fixed docking station 104.
The first and third windings 1204, 1212 are preferably packaged together in a docker coupler module 1216. The docker coupler module 1216, as shown in the head 1030 of the docking station 104 in
As described above, the mobile waste collection unit 102 and the docking station 104 transfer fluids (e.g., waste material, water, etc.) back-and-forth. Therefore, use of an inductive coupling for the power and data couplers 1200, 1202 prevents accidental short circuits between the mobile waste collection unite 102 and the docking station 104 due to these fluids, in the case of a leak. Therefore, the electrical connections provided by the power and data couplers 1200, 1202 are essentially waterproof and provide a higher degree of safety to medical center personnel.
XIII. OperationIn use, the waste collection unit 102 is wheeled to a use area, e.g., an operating room, to be used in a medical procedure such as a knee surgery. At least one new disposable manifold 260 is inserted into one of the manifold receivers 258 mounted to the caps 222, 228 of the canisters 218, 224, and one or more suction lines 262 are connected to one or more inlets (or ports) on the disposable manifold 260. When a pushbutton 1301 on the control panel 310 is used to activate the vacuum pump 402, the vacuum pump 402 draws a selectively variable vacuum within one or more of the waste containers 200, 202, which causes a vacuum to be pulled through the suction lines 262 drawing in the waste material through the connected suction lines 262. The control dials or knobs 311, 313 on the control panel 310 are used to set the desired vacuum levels in the waste containers 200, 202.
Once the medical procedure is completed, or even during the medical procedure, the suction lines 262 may be disconnected and a new disposable manifold 260 inserted into the manifold receiver 258. Eventually, if the upper waste container 200 is being used, the upper canister 218 will become full and need to be emptied, or the operator may select to empty the upper canister 218, before being filled. At this point, the user selects the pushbutton 348 that sends the control signal to the valve controller 344 to open the transfer valve 276 and dump the waste material from the upper canister 218 to the lower canister 224. Then, collection of waste material can continue. When dumping the waste material from the upper canister 218 to the lower canister 224, the vacuum present in the upper waste container 200 is vented to atmospheric pressure A via its vacuum regulator 408. The vacuum in the lower waste container 202 is set to a pressure such as the lower desired vacuum level of the two waste containers 200, 202. As a result, the vacuum present in the lower waste container 202 helps pull the waste material into the lower waste container 202. Once both the upper 218 and lower 224 canisters are filled, or if the user desires to empty and clean the waste containers 200, 202 prior to being filled, the user wheels the waste collection unit 102 to the docking station 104 to off-load the waste material to the waste drain D and clean the waste containers 200, 202.
The main controller 342 of the waste collection unit 102 acts as a master controller to the docking controller 1020 of the docking station 104 to control the sequence of actuating the stepper motor 1076 to drive the docker couplings 1010, 1011 into the rover couplings 1026, 1027, draining the waste material from the canisters 218, 224, via the off-load pump 1004, cleaning the waste containers 200, 202 with the water and cleaner, and further draining the water with cleaner and rinsing the waste containers 200, 202.
XIV. Alternative VariationsThe above is directed to one specific version of the invention. Other variations of the invention are possible. Thus, there is no requirement that each of the above features be in each of the described versions of the invention. Also, there is no requirement that this invention be limited to waste collection systems with a portable cart. In an alternative version of the invention, the system may be a static unit. In these versions of the invention, a valve similar to transfer valve 276 is provided to directly connect the lower waste container 202 to the hospital plumbing. A second transfer valve 276 may also be provided to directly connect the upper waste container 200 to the hospital plumbing.
Similarly, there is no requirement in all versions of the invention that gravity be employed as the force to transfer the waste in the upper waste container 200 to the lower waste container 202. Thus, in an alternative version of the invention, containers 200 and 202 may be located side by side. In these versions of the invention, there is a conduit that extends between the base of the container 202 to the top of container 204. Transfer valve 276 is in series with this conduit. When it is desirable to empty the contents of the small container 202 into the large container, the small container is vented to atmosphere and the transfer valve is opened. Then, the suction pump is actuated to draw the contents of container 202 into container 204.
Alternative suction regulator assemblies for independently regulating the level of the suction draw into each container 200 and 202 may also be provided. For example, one alternative suction regulator assembly connected between the vacuum source 402 and each waste container 200 and 202 consists of two (2) regulator assemblies each of which consists of two (2) valve members. Each of these suction regulator assemblies is located in series between the vacuum source 402 and a separate one of the waste containers 200 or 202. Each regulator assembly includes a first valve member that is adjustable to regulate the suction draw from the vacuum source 402. Between this first valve member and the associated waste container 200 or 202 there is the second valve member. This second valve member selectively opens/closes a connection between the vacuum line 496 or 510 upstream of the first valve member and a vent to atmosphere. By adjusting both valve members, the actual vacuum drawn on the associated container 200 or 202 is selectively set.
Similarly, suction regulators that include a single valve member associated with each container 200 or 202 are within the scope of this invention. One such valve member has a ball shaped valve head with either plural intersecting bores or a non-circular bore. This valve head is disposed in a housing with three ports; one to the vacuum source 402; one to the associated container 202 or 202; and one to atmosphere. By selectively rotating the valve head connections similar to those discussed above with the disc shaped valve members 412 are established.
Likewise, other versions of the invention may have fluid plumbing assemblies that are different from the primary illustrated version. For example, it may be desirable to construct collection unit 102 so that the upper supply line 1156 that extends from valve 1160 opens into the top of on-board reservoir 1164. During the cleaning process it is often desirable to first only discharge water through the spray head and, only after the water is sprayed, a water-detergent mixture. Therefore, in this version of the invention one can through the docker 104, first load a water-detergent mixture into reservoir 1164 through the top of the reservoir. Once the reservoir is filled with this mixture, the process of cleaning the upper waste container by sequentially introducing water and detergent into the container is initiated. In this process the fluid streams comprising the water or detergent are introduced into the unit 102 and more particularly into the upper supply line 1156. Since supply line 1156 opens into the already filled reservoir 1164 little of the fluid forming these streams is held in the reservoir. Instead, this fluid stream flows out of the top of the reservoir and is discharged from the spray head.
In one method of cleaning container 200 initially a detergent-free water stream is introduced into unit 102 and discharged from the spray head. This water stream removes waste that may have accumulated on the surfaces of the container 200. Then a water-detergent mixed fluid stream is introduced into the container to remove the waste that may be more congealed. Following the detergent-water cleaning cycle there is a detergent-free water rinse. At this point in the process, the container 200 is for most intents and purposes considered clean. Once so cleaned, container 200 is subject to a prefill from the docker 104. In this prefill process, a mixture of dilute detergent and water is flowed from the docker 104 through supply line 1156. Again since reservoir 1164 is already full, this fluid stream is discharged from the spray head into the base of the container 202.
Then, each time waste is transferred from container 200 to container 204, after the transfer process, the detergent water mixture in the reservoir 1164 is drawn on to prefill container 200.
Further, the actual structure of the display may vary from what is illustrated. It should be appreciated that regardless of the type of the display, the digits displaying the level fill data be at least 1.3 cm if not 2.6 cm tall or taller. This increases the likelihood that this data can be viewed across the area of an operating room.
Other techniques may be used to determine when the pole segment 911 is completely retracted or fully extended. The mechanical limit switches mat be replaced by Hall sensors. Each Hall sensor undergoes a state transition in response to the movement of a magnet integral with pole segment 911 toward or away from the magnet. In still another version of the invention, the extended/retracted state of pole segment 911 is determined by monitoring the voltage across and current drawn by motor 920. The determination from this monitoring that the motor is in a stall state is interpreted as indicating the pole segment 911 is fully extended or completely retracted. Thus, when motor is in this state, controller 940 deactivates the motor.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above description. While this description is directed to particular embodiments, it is understood that those skilled in the art may conceive of modifications and/or variations to the specific embodiments shown and described herein. Any such modifications or variations, which fall within the purview of this description, are intended to be included herein as well. It is understood that the description herein is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to be limited.
Claims
1. A smoke evacuation system for use during a medical procedure, said system comprising:
- a conduit including an inlet into which air that includes smoke generated during a medical/surgical procedure is drawn;
- a filter assembly in fluid communication with said conduit, said filter assembly including: a housing to which said conduit is connected: at least one filter element disposed in said housing for removing smoke from air drawn through said housing; and a smoke sensor disposed in said housing so as to be removed with the removal of said filter, said smoke sensor configured to sense smoke in the air drawn through said housing and generate a smoke signal representative of the amount of smoke in the air drawn though said housing;
- a pump connected to said filter for drawing air into said the conduit inlet, through said conduit, and through said filter housing for filtering smoke from the air;
- a variable speed motor for operating the pump;
- a controller connected to said smoke sensor for receiving therefrom the signal corresponding to an amount of detected smoke and connected to said pump for regulating the speed of said pump, wherein said controller is configured so that: when the signal from said smoke sensor indicates the amount of smoke is below a predetermined limit, said controller regulates said motor to cause the pump to run at a first speed, the first speed being sufficient to draw air into the conduit and through said filter housing so that smoke can be sensed by said sensor; and when the signal from said smoke sensor indicates the smoke is at or above he predetermined limit, said controller regulates said motor to cause the pump to run at a second speed, the second speed being greater than the first speed.
2. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein:
- said controller is configured to control the pump to transition from the first speed to the second speed by increasing the power level to said motor from a first level to a second level greater than the first level; and
- decreasing the power level to said motor from the second level to a third level, the third power level being greater than the first power level and less than the second power level.
3. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein said controller is electrically isolated from the power supply that energizes the motor.
4. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein said smoke sensor is located in said filter housing to be located upstream from said at least one filter element.
5. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein plural separate filter elements are disposed in said filter housing.
6. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein said at least one filter element is carbon activated filter.
7. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein said at least one filter element is a ULPA filter.
8. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein said smoke sensor comprises a infrared light source for generating IR light and an IR detector for sensing IR light.
9. The smoke evacuation system of claim 1, wherein said filter assembly, said pump, said motor, said controller are mounted to a wheeled cart.
10. The smoke evacuation system of claim 9, wherein at least one waste container for receiving medical waste is mounted to said cart and said at least one waste container has a connecting member for receiving a suction line through which medical/surgical waste is drawn into the waste container.
11. A method for drawing smoke away from a surgical procedure, the method comprising the steps of:
- actuating a variable speed pump having that is driven by a variable speed motor and that is in fluid communication with a conduit having an inlet so that the pump draws the air with smoke through the conduit; and
- passing the air drawn into the conduit through a filter assembly, so that the filter removes the smoke from the air prior to discharge of the air, wherein the filter assembly includes: a housing that is removably attached to the pump; at least one filter element disposed in the housing that removes smoke from air drawn through the housing; and a smoke sensor disposed in the housing that is removed and replaced with said housing and said at least one filter element;
- sensing the amount of smoke in the air drawn through the conduit with the smoke sensor;
- wherein, the speed of the motor is regulated based on a signal output by the smoke sensor representative of the amount of smoke in the air draw through the filter housing such that: when the smoke sensed by the smoke sensor is below a predetermined limit, the motor is set to drive the pump a first speed that generates a suction sufficient to draw air into the conduit and drawn through the filter housing so that the smoke can be sensed by the smoke sensor; when the smoke sensed by the smoke sensor is above the predetermined limit, the motor is set to drive the pump at a second speed that is higher than the first speed so that the pump generates a greater suction than when the pump operates at the first pump speed; and when the smoke sensed by the smoke sensor falls to below the predetermined limit, the motor is set to drive the pump at the first speed.
12. The method of drawing smoke away from a surgical procedure of claim 11, further comprising the steps of:
- wherein, after the smoke sensor initially detects smoke in excess of the predetermined limit, controlling the motor to increase the speed of the pump from the first pump speed to the second pump speed by: increasing electrical power applied to the motor from a first level to a second level greater than the first level; and decreasing the electrical power applied to the motor (808) from the second level to a third level, the third level being less than the second level but greater than the first level.
13. The method of drawing smoke away from a surgical procedure of claim 11, wherein the smoke sensor includes an infrared light source and an infrared detector.
14. The method of drawing smoke away from a surgical procedure of claim 11, wherein said filter assembly is arranged so that said smoke sensor performed said step of sensing smoke in the air drawn through conduit prior to the flowing of the air through said at least one filter element.
15. The method of drawing smoke away from a surgical procedure of claim 11, wherein:
- the pump, the motor and the filter assembly are mounted to wheeled a wheeled cart, the wheeled cart also including at least one waste container for receiving medical waste, and the at least one waste container having a connecting member for receiving a suction line through which medical/surgical waste is drawn into the waste container;
- and simultaneously with said actuation of said pump drawing a suction through said suction line so that that simultaneously with the drawing of air through the conduit and the flowing of the air through the at least one filter element waste is drawn away from the surgical procedure through the suction line into the at least one waste container.
Type: Application
Filed: May 28, 2014
Publication Date: Nov 20, 2014
Applicant: Stryker Corporation (Kalamazoo, MI)
Inventors: Stephen Reasoner (Kalamazoo, MI), Brandon Scanlon (Portage, MI), Mark Wasserman (Delton, MI)
Application Number: 14/288,503
International Classification: B01D 46/44 (20060101); B01D 46/00 (20060101); F24F 3/16 (20060101);
