METHOD FOR PRODUCING 1,2,4,5-CYCLOHEXANETETRACARBOXYLIC DIANHYDRIDE
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, which is capable of stably achieving a high dehydration rate. The method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is a method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride by subjecting 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid to a dehydration reaction in a slurry state in the presence of a dehydrating agent, wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided or continuous manner to the dehydrating agent.
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The present invention relates to a method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
BACKGROUND ARTAlicyclic acid anhydrides have been used as starting materials for functional polyimides and functional epoxy resins. Among such acid anhydrides, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is used as a starting material for polyimide resins that exhibit particularly good heat resistance, solvent solubility and thermoplasticity as well as low water absorbability, dimensional stability and the like.
For the synthesis of a polyimide, an acid anhydride and a diamine are desirably used in equivalent amounts because the molecular weight of the polyimide does not sufficiently increase when the molar balance of the acid anhydride and the diamine is lost. Also, impurities contained in the diamine and the acid anhydride cause the loss of molar balance. Accordingly, the acid anhydride as a starting material is required to have a high purity.
An acid anhydride is known to be obtained by subjecting a hydrogenated aromatic polycarboxylic acid to a dehydration reaction. For example, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is produced by cyclodehydration of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid. A method involving a heat treatment or a method involving a dehydrating agent is commonly used to synthesize a cyclic acid anhydride by dehydrating and ring-closing the carboxy groups adjacently bonded to the 6-membered ring of a hydrogenated aromatic polycarboxylic acid. An acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride or propionic anhydride is used as a dehydrating agent.
A method involving thermal reflux using acetic anhydride is known as a method for cyclodehydrating 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid (see PTL1).
CITATION LIST Patent LiteraturePTL1: JP 2003-286222 A
SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical ProblemPTL 1 discloses that a hydrogenated aromatic polycarboxylic acid is dehydrated by a method involving acetic anhydride as a dehydrating agent, but the method has the following problem: the high dehydration rate set forth in PTL 1 cannot be reproduced depending on the conditions.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, which is capable of stably achieving a high dehydration rate.
Solution to ProblemAs a result of having conducted diligent research to solve the above problem, the present inventors found that the dehydration rate is improved by feeding 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in a divided or continuous manner to a dehydrating agent, and accomplished the present invention. The present invention provides [1] to [11] below.
[1] A method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride by subjecting 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid to a dehydration reaction in a slurry state in the presence of a dehydrating agent, wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided or continuous manner to the dehydrating agent.
[2] The method according to [1], wherein an average particle size of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is less than 20 μm.
[3] The method according to [1], wherein an average particle size of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is less than 7 μm.
[4] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in three or more divided portions or in a continuous manner.
[5] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in five or more divided portions or in a continuous manner.
[6] The method according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein a dehydration rate of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is 98% or more.
[7] The method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein a reaction temperature of the dehydration reaction is 80 to 150° C. (preferably 90° C. or more and more preferably 95° C. or more, and preferably 140° C. or less, more preferably 130° C. or less, and even more preferably 120° C. or less).
[8] The method according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the dehydrating agent is acetic anhydride.
[9] The method according to [8], wherein the acetic anhydride is used in an amount of 2.0 to 100 moles (preferably 2.5 moles or more and more preferably 3 moles or more, and preferably 75 moles or less, more preferably 50 moles or less, even more preferably 25 moles or less and further preferably 5 moles or less) per mole of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid.
[10] The method according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the dehydration reaction of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is carried out in the presence of the dehydrating agent and a solvent.
[11] The method according to [10], wherein the solvent is acetic acid.
Advantageous Effects of InventionAccording to the present invention, a method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, which is capable of stably achieving a high dehydration rate, can be provided.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTSThe present invention will be described in reference to embodiments below. In the following description, “A to B” indicating a numerical range denotes “A or more and B or less” (in the case of A<B) or “A or less and B or more” (in the case of A>B). That is, “A to B” denotes a numerical range including end points A and B.
Also, part by mass and % by mass are synonymous with part by weight and % by weight, respectively.
The method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (hereinafter also simply referred to as “cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride”) of the present invention is a method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride by subjecting 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid (hereinafter also simply referred to as “cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid”) to a dehydration reaction in a slurry state in the presence of a dehydrating agent, wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided or continuous manner to the dehydrating agent.
As a result of having conducted diligent research, the inventors found that a high dehydration rate can be stably obtained by feeding 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in a divided or continuous manner to the reaction system, and accomplished the present invention.
In the following description, the dehydrating agent and the optionally used solvent may be collectively referred to as a “solution.”
As a result of having conducted research, the inventors found that such an effect is significant particularly when the average particle size of the starting material cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is as small as less than 20 μm.
In the reaction system, either the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material or the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a product is not completely dissolved in a solution at least in the final stage of the reaction. Accordingly, the reaction proceeds in a slurry state at least when the addition of the starting material is finished.
It is considered that the dehydration reaction of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid proceeds in a state where cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is dissolved in a dehydrating agent and an optionally added solvent (solution), and cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is produced. It is considered that, at this time, the reaction proceeds in a slurry state, and thus the produced cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride precipitates while incorporating cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid present in the solution. That is, dehydration (a dehydration reaction) and a crystal precipitation reaction progress at the same time. It is inferred that, in this instance, the concentration of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in the solution increases especially when the particle size of the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material is small, thus the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material is incorporated and precipitates when the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a product undergoes crystal precipitation, and accordingly the dehydration rate is impaired.
It is conjectured that in the present invention, by adding the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material in a divided or continuous manner, the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid concentration in the reaction system is suppressed, as a result, the amount of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid incorporated into the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a product is suppressed, and a high dehydration rate is stably obtained.
In the method for producing cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention, the following dehydration reaction occurs.
In the present invention, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is not particularly limited. A commercially available product may be purchased, or 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid may be produced by nuclear hydrogenation of pyromellitic acid.
The method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid by nuclear hydrogenation of pyromellitic acid is not particularly limited. Examples include, but are not limited to, a method in which pyromellitic acid is dissolved or suspended in a reaction solvent and hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst at a hydrogen partial pressure of 1.0 to 15 MPa at a reaction temperature of 30 to 80° C. wherein a supported catalyst containing rhodium as well as palladium and/or platinum supported on a carbon carrier is used in a specific amount as the catalyst, as described in WO 2010/010869; and a method in which pyromellitic acid is hydrogenated at a hydrogen partial pressure of 1 MPa or more in the presence of a catalyst containing a noble metal composed of rhodium or palladium or both in a proportion of 0.5 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of pyromellitic acid, as described in PTL1.
After the nuclear hydrogenation reaction, for example, the catalyst is separated by filtration at a temperature similar to the reaction temperature, the filtrate is cooled to room temperature, the precipitated solids are separated by filtration, the filtered solids are dried, and thereby 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid can be obtained. Also, the reaction solvent is distilled off from the filtrate to concentrate the filtrate, the precipitated solids are separated by filtration, then the hydrogenated product of pyromellitic acid is crystallized by being cooled, concentrated, or the like, the crystals thereof are subjected to solid-liquid separation, and thereby high-purity 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid can be obtained.
The average particle size of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material is not particularly limited. The present inventors found that the greater the average particle size of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material is, the higher the dehydration rate is. Specifically, the average particle size of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is preferably 20 μm or more and more preferably 40 μm or more. The upper limit is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1000 μm or less and more preferably 500 μm or less.
On the other hand, the present inventors found that, as in the present invention, a good dehydration rate can be obtained even when a starting material having a small average particle size is used by feeding cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in a divided or continuous manner. Accordingly, the dehydration rate improving effect attained when the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material is fed in a divided or continuous manner as in the present invention is more significant when the starting material has a smaller average particle size. Specifically, the dehydration rate improving effect is significant when the average particle size of the starting material 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is less than 20 μm, more significant when less than 15 μm, even more significant when less than 10 μm, and further significant when less than 7 μm.
In the present invention, while the dehydration rate improving effect is recognized even when the average particle size of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is large. As described above, the dehydration rate improving effect is particularly significant when the average particle size of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is small.
Here, as for the average particle size of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, the lengths of the major axes of 100 particles on a 100× or 1000× image taken by a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are measured using image processing software Image J. The average value of the resulting major axis lengths of the particles is regarded as the average particle size of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid.
In the present invention, it is preferable to introduce a dehydrating agent and an optionally used solvent into a reaction vessel in advance and feed cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid thereto in a divided or continuous manner. When cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided manner, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid to be fed in the first instance may be charged into the reaction vessel together with the dehydrating agent and the optionally used solvent.
<Dehydrating Agent>The dehydrating agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and is suitably selected from known dehydrating agents and used. Examples of known dehydrating agents include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, acetyl chloride, phosphoric acid chloride, thionyl chloride, and phosgene. Among these, the dehydrating agent is preferably acetic anhydride from the viewpoint of economy and usability.
In the present invention, acetic anhydride is preferably used in an amount of 2.0 to 100 moles per mole of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid.
From the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient dehydration rate, acetic anhydride is preferably used in an amount of 2.0 moles or more, more preferably 2.5 moles or more, and even more preferably 3 moles or more, and from the viewpoint of economy and from the viewpoint of removing the dehydrating agent after reaction, acetic anhydride is preferably used in an amount of 100 moles or less, more preferably 75 moles or less, even more preferably 50 moles or less, further preferably 25 moles or less, and furthermore preferably 5 moles or less.
In the present invention, acetic anhydride used as a dehydrating agent is a liquid and thus also functions as a solvent.
<Dehydration Reaction Conditions>In the present invention, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is subjected to a dehydration reaction (also referred to as an anhydration reaction) in a slurry state in the presence of a dehydrating agent. The slurry state means that the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material does not completely dissolve in a dehydrating agent and an optionally added solvent and partially exists in a solid state and, also, the produced acid anhydride does not completely dissolve in the dehydrating agent and the optionally added solvent and partially exists in a solid state. Accordingly, a state where either the starting material or the product or both partially exist in a solid state in the reaction system is referred to as a slurry state.
In the present invention, it is sufficient that at least part of the dehydration reaction is carried out in a slurry state. This is not to exclude an embodiment in which the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material and the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a product are completely dissolved in the initial stage of feeding the starting material.
From the viewpoint of promoting dissolution of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in a solvent to promote the dehydration reaction of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, the reaction temperature of the dehydration reaction is preferably 80° C. or more, more preferably 90° C. or more, and even more preferably 95° C. or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing the decomposition of the starting material and the product and the volatilization of a dehydrating agent and a solvent, which will be described below, and preventing the product from caking after lowering the temperature, the reaction temperature in the dehydration reaction is preferably 150° C. or less, more preferably 140° C. or less, even more preferably 130° C. or less, and further preferably 120° C. or less.
The dehydration reaction may involve only heating the slurry of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid and a dehydrating agent, or may involve heating the dehydrating agent to reflux.
The dehydration reaction is preferably carried out in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas.
<Solvent>In the present invention, it is also preferable to carry out the dehydration reaction in the presence of a dehydrating agent and a solvent.
The solvent is not particularly limited, and acetic acid (also referred to as glacial acetic acid) is preferably used as a solvent. Acetic acid is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 times by volume and more preferably 1 to 5 times by volume based on the dehydrating agent.
In addition to acetic acid, a hydrocarbon, a halogenated hydrocarbon, an ester, a ketone, an ether, a fatty acid, or the like having a boiling point of 50° C. or more may be added as a solvent.
<Feeding of Cyclohexanetetracarboxylic Acid>In the method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention, the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material is fed in a divided or continuous manner to the dehydrating agent.
Here, feeding in a divided or continuous manner means feeding cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in at least two divided portions to the dehydrating agent, or continuously feeding cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid to the dehydrating agent. Feeding in a divided manner does not mean that the entirety of the divided portions is fed at once, but means that the divided portions are fed in multiple steps that are separated by intervals.
An embodiment in which cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a continuous manner and an embodiment in which cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided manner may be combined, and such a combined embodiment is also encompassed within the present invention. Specific examples are an embodiment in which part of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed at once or in several divided portions, and then the remainder of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a continuous manner; and an embodiment in which part of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in an continuous manner, and then the remainder is fed at once or in several divided portions.
Cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid when fed in a divided manner is divided into two or more portions, preferably divided into three or more portions, and more preferably divided into five or more portions from the viewpoint of improving the dehydration rate. The upper limit of the number of divided portions is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 30 or less, 20 or less, or 10 or less.
When cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided manner, the amount of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid for each feeding is not particularly limited, and cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is preferably fed in equally divided portions. The amount for each feeding is preferably ½ or less of the entirety of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid fed, more preferably ⅓ or less, and even more preferably ⅕ or less. The smaller the amount for each feeding is, the more preferable it is, and, as will be described below, continuous feeding is particularly preferable.
When cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided manner, the intervals of divided feeding are not particularly limited, and are preferably 5/X (minutes) to 600/X (minutes), more preferably 15/X (minutes) to 300/X (minutes), and even more preferably from 30/X (minutes) to 120/X (minutes) where X is the number of divided portions.
After the entire amount of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided manner, further the reaction is preferably continued for 0.1 to 100 hours, more preferably 0.2 to 30 hours, and even more preferably 0.3 to 10 hours.
When cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a continuous manner, the feeding rate is not particularly limited, and may be constant or may be suitably changed during feeding. In consideration of the ease of feeding, the feeding rate is preferably constant. Where the average feeding rate per 10 minutes is Y, the feeding rate per any 10 minutes is preferably 0.1 Y to 10 Y, more preferably 0.3 Y to 5 Y, and even more preferably 0.5 Y to 2 Y.
The feeding time when feeding is carried out in a continuous manner is preferably 5 minutes to 1000 minutes, more preferably 15 minutes to 500 minutes, and even more preferably 30 minutes to 300 minutes.
After the entire amount of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a continuous manner, further the reaction is preferably continued for 0.01 to 10 hours, more preferably 0.02 to 5 hours, and even more preferably 0.05 to 3 hours.
In the present invention, the state of the starting material 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and the starting material 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid may be fed in a powder state or added in a slurry state. When added in a slurry state, the starting material 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is preferably in a slurry state in a dehydrating agent and/or a solvent.
Below, as an example of a preferable embodiment of the present invention, a system will now be described in which 3 times by mole (3 A moles) of acetic anhydride is used as a dehydrating agent based on A moles of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid and, further, 2.5 times by volume of acetic anhydride is used as a solvent.
In the present embodiment, the dehydrating agent and the solvent are charged into a reaction vessel in advance and heated, and then the starting material 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in an undivided or divided manner.
Acetic anhydride has a molecular weight of 102.09 (g/mol) and a density of 1.08 (g/mL, 200° C.), and thus the amount of the dehydrating agent acetic anhydride charged is 3 A (mol)×102.09 (g/mol)/1.08 (g/mL)=283.6 A mL.
Accordingly, when the entire amount of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is added to the dehydrating agent and the solvent, the concentration thereof (cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid/(acetic anhydride+acetic acid)) is 1.01 mol/L according to formula (a) below:
A (mol)/{3.5×0.2836A} (L)≈1.01 (mol/L) (a)
The relationship between the number of divided portions and the amount of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid for each feeding per liter of the total amount of the dehydrating agent and the solvent is as shown in Table 1 below.
Accordingly, in the above embodiment, the amount (mol) of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid for each feeding is preferably 0.504 mol/L or less and more preferably 0.336 mol/L or less based on the total amount (L) of the dehydrating agent and the solvent.
<Dehydration Rate>In the present invention, the dehydration rate of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material is preferably 98.0% or more, more preferably 98.5% or more, even more preferably 99.0% or more, further preferably 99.3% or more, furthermore preferably 99.5% or more, and particularly preferably 99.7% or more.
Due to the dehydration rate being within the above range, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride having excellent purity can be obtained.
The dehydration rate is measured by the method described in the Examples.
<Step of Recovering Cyclohexanetetracarboxylic Dianhydride>In the present invention, it is preferable that the method further includes the step of recovering cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (hereinafter also simply referred to as a recovery step).
After the dehydration reaction of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, the reaction solution is cooled to room temperature to precipitate crystals of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, which are subjected to solid-liquid separation, and thereby cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride can be obtained. The use of acetic anhydride as a dehydrating agent and the use of acetic acid as a solvent result in an increased amount of precipitated crystals and are thus industrially advantageous. Crystals of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride separated by solid-liquid separation are preferably dried in a suitable manner.
The mother liquor from which the crystals have been separated may be recycled. Whether the mother liquor should be returned to the reaction vessel for a dehydration reaction is determined according to the extent of impurity buildup in the system.
EXAMPLESThe present invention will be described in more detail by way of Examples and Comparative Examples below, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
Preparation Example 1: Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acidFirst, 390.1 kg of pyromellitic acid, 2340.9 kg of water, 131.0 kg of a 5% by mass Pd-carbon powder catalyst (manufactured by N.E. Chemcat Corporation, a water-containing product, PE-type, a water content of 55% by mass), and 56.2 kg of a 5% by mass Rh-carbon powder catalyst (manufactured by N.E. Chemcat Corporation, a product wetted with water, a water content of 50% by mass) were charged into a 3.86 m3 SUS316L reaction vessel equipped with a thermocouple, a stirrer, a temperature controller, and the like. While stirring the mixture, hydrogen was fed to 8 MPa, and the temperature was raised to 50° C. While retaining the pressure and the temperature, the hydrogenation reaction was continued until the molar amount of absorbed hydrogen was 3 times the molar amount of pyromellitic acid charged. The resulting reaction solution was discharged, the catalyst was separated by filtration, and thus a colorless, transparent filtrate was obtained.
Thereafter, the resulting filtrate was concentrated until the concentration of nuclear-hydrogenated pyromellitic acid was 33% by mass, and then cooled to 20° C. to precipitate crystals of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid. The precipitated crystals were separated by filtration.
The resulting wet crystals of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid were charged into a Flash Jet Dryer (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.), and dried under conditions having a starting material feeding rate of 55 kg/h, an inlet temperature of 170° C., an outlet temperature of 110° C., a starting material temperature of 12.4° C., a discharge air volume of 6.8 Nm3/min, and a discharge pressure of 53 kPa, and thereby white crystals of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid were obtained.
The average particle size of the resulting white crystals of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid was 6.9 μm.
The resulting white crystals were subjected to an esterification treatment and then a gas chromatography analysis, and thus the purity of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid was 89.0%.
<Measurement of Average Particle Size>The lengths of the major axes of particles on a 100× or 1000× image taken by FE-SEM (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, S-3000N, voltage of 10 kV) were measured using image processing software Image J. The major axis lengths of 100 particles were measured, and the average value of the obtained results was regarded as the average particle size of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid.
Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1First, 55.4 g (0.542 mol, 3.0 moles per mole of the entirety of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid added) of acetic anhydride, and 134.6 g (2.5 times the volume of acetic anhydride) of acetic acid were charged into a 500 mL four-neck glass flask equipped with a thermocouple, a Dimroth condenser, and a stirrer, and the system was replaced with nitrogen gas while stirring the mixture. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 100° C. while allowing nitrogen gas to flow at 100 mL/min, then cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid having an average particle size of 6.9 μm obtained in Preparation Example 1 was added such that the reaction time and the number of additions were as shown in Table 2 below. The total amount added was 47.5 g (0.18 mol), and the reaction was continued 120 minutes. After the reaction, the temperature was lowered to room temperature to precipitate crystals, and then the crystals were separated. The resulting crystals were rinsed with 13.1 g of acetic anhydride and then dried to measure the dehydration rate.
The dehydration reaction carried out in the Examples was as follows. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
First, 49.5 g of acetic anhydride and 63.1 g of acetic acid were charged into a 500 mL four-neck glass flask equipped with a thermocouple, a Dimroth condenser, and a stirrer, the temperature was raised to 100° C., and after the solution temperature reached 100° C., the feeding of a separately prepared slurry was started. The time when the feeding of the slurry was started was regarded as the reaction start time, and the slurry was continuously fed over 133 minutes at a constant rate. After the feeding of the slurry was terminated, heating and stirring were continued for 30 minutes. After the feeding of the slurry was terminated, the feeding of nitrogen gas (100 mL/min) was started. Heating was stopped 30 minutes later, and the mixture was cooled by air while continuing stirring. Three hours after heating was stopped, solid-liquid separation was carried out by suction filtration, and the solids were rinsed with 13.1 g of acetic anhydride and then dried to measure the dehydration rate.
The slurry was prepared by the following method. Specifically, 47.5 g of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid obtained in Preparation Example 1, 7.8 g of acetic anhydride, and 103.0 g of acetic acid were charged into a recovery flask and stirred at room temperature to form a slurry.
As for the dehydration rate of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, a sample was analyzed by liquid chromatography to quantify the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a starting material, and then the dehydration rate (%) was calculated by the following equation 1.
Dehydration rate (%)=100−Amount (% by mass) of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in sample Equation 1
First, 2 g of a sample was precisely weighed, 100 ml of dehydrated methanol was added, the mixture was heated to reflux for 1 hour to carry out a methyl esterification reaction, and thereby a liquid chromatography sample was prepared.
Provided that, in this pretreatment, the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid as a reaction starting material in the sample is not esterified.
(Liquid Chromatography Analysis Conditions)The liquid chromatography analysis conditions were as follows.
Liquid chromatography analyzer: LC-6AD (solvent delivery unit), CTO-10 A (constant temperature chamber), SCL-10 A (UV), SPD-10AV (UV-VIS detector), SPD-M20 A (PDA detector)
Column: Shodex RSpak DE-413L
Detector: UV (210 nm)
Eluent composition: Solution A=Acetonitrile, Solution B=0.5% Aqueous phosphoric acid solution
Mode: Binary gradient
Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min
Temperature of constant temperature chamber: 35° C.
The eluent conditions were as follows. The eluent had solution A:solution B=10:90 (volume ratio) at an analysis time of 0 to 15 minutes, and a gradient of solution A:solution B=from 10:90 (volume ratio) to 50:50 (volume ratio) was created at 15 to 20 minutes. Moreover, a gradient of solution A:solution B=from 50:50 (volume ratio) to 80:20 (volume ratio) was created at an analysis time of 20 to 25 minutes. The ratio was retained at solution A:solution B=80:20 (volume ratio) until at 40 minutes, then a gradient of solution A:solution B=from 80:20 (volume ratio) to 10:90 (volume ratio) was created at an analysis time of 40 to 50 minutes, and the ratio was retained at solution A:solution B=10:90 (volume ratio) until at 70 minutes.
In the above liquid chromatography, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid was measured, wherein the amount of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in a sample was quantified by an absolute calibration method to determine the mass proportion of cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid in the sample, and the resulting value was subtracted from 100 to obtain a dehydration rate.
That is, when 2 g of unreacted cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is contained in a 100 g sample, the dehydration rate is 98%.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITYAs described above, according to the production method of the present invention, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride can be stably obtained at a high dehydration rate.
The cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained by the present invention has high purity and is thus expected to be used as a starting material of polyimides, epoxy resin curing agents, solder resists, and the like.
Claims
1: A method for producing 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, the method comprising:
- subjecting 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid to a dehydration reaction in a slurry state in the presence of a dehydrating agent,
- wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in a divided or continuous manner to the dehydrating agent.
2: The method according to claim 1, wherein an average particle size of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is less than 20 μm.
3: The method according to claim 1, wherein an average particle size of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is less than 7 μm.
4: The method according to claim 1, wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in three or more divided portions or in a continuous manner.
5: The method according to claim 1, wherein the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is fed in five or more divided portions or in a continuous manner.
6: The method according to claim 1, wherein a dehydration rate of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is 98% or more.
7: The method according to claim 1, wherein a reaction temperature of the dehydration reaction is 80 to 150° C.
8: The method according to claim 1, wherein the dehydrating agent is acetic anhydride.
9: The method according to claim 8, wherein the acetic anhydride is used in an amount of 2.0 to 100 moles per mole of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid.
10: The method according to claim 1, wherein the dehydration reaction of the 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid is carried out in the presence of the dehydrating agent and a solvent.
11: The method according to claim 10, wherein the solvent is acetic acid.
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 22, 2018
Publication Date: Feb 6, 2020
Applicant: MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC. (Chiyoda-ku)
Inventors: Shinyo SHIRAI (Okayama), Tatsuyuki KUMANO (Okayama), Shinya SAITO (Okayama)
Application Number: 16/497,671
