Hybrid corn plant and seed
According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid corn plant, designated as 3394, produced by crossing two Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred corn lines. This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 3394, the hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and trivial modifications of hybrid 3394. This hybrid corn plant is characterized by superior yield for maturity, excellent seedling vigor, very good roots and stalks, and exceptional stay green. It is widely adapted, but performs best in the Central and Eastern Corn Belt.
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This invention is in the field of plant breeding, specifically hybrid corn breeding.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single variety/hybrid various desirable traits of the parental lines. For field crops, these traits may include resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity, greater yield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanical harvesting of many crops, uniformity of plant characteristics such as germination and stand establishment, growth rate, maturity, and fruit size, is important.
Field crops are bred through techniques that take advantage of the plant's method of pollination. A plant is self-pollinating if pollen from one flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the same plant. A plant is cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a different plant.
Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type for many generations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding progeny. A cross between two homozygous lines produces a uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozygous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will not be uniform.
Corn plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Corn has male flowers, located on the tassel, and female flowers, located on the ear, on the same plant. Natural pollination occurs in corn when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
The development of corn hybrids requires the development of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to develop inbred lines from populations. Breeding programs combine desirable traits from two or more inbred lines or various broad-based sources into breeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which have commercial potential.
Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two genotypes, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics that is lacking in the other or which complement the other. If the two original parents do not provide all of the desired characteristics, other sources can be included in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives way to homogeneous lines as a result of self-pollination and selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced. F.sub.1 .fwdarw.F.sub.2 ; F.sub.2 .fwdarw.F.sub.3 ; F.sub.3 .fwdarw.F.sub.4 ; F.sub.4 .fwdarw.F.sub.5, etc.
A hybrid corn variety is the cross of two inbred lines, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics lacked by the other or which complement the other. The hybrid progeny of the first generation is designated F.sub.1. In the development of hybrids only the F.sub.1 hybrid plants are sought. The F.sub.1 hybrid is more vigorous than its inbred parents. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many ways, including increased vegetative growth and increased yield.
The development of a hybrid corn variety involves three steps: (1) the selection of superior plants from various germplasm pools; (2) the selfing of the superior plants for several generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which although different from each other, each breed true and are highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F.sub.1). During the inbreeding process the vigor of the lines decreases. Vigor is restored when two unrelated inbred lines are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F.sub.1). An important consequence of the homozygosity and homogeniety of the inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two inbreds will always be the same. Once the inbreds that give the best hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be reproduced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred parents is maintained.
A single cross hybrid is produced when two inbred lines are crossed to produce the F.sub.1 progeny. A double cross hybrid, is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs (A.times.B and C.times.D) and then the two F.sub.1 hybrids are crossed again (A.times.B).times.(C.times.D). Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by F.sub.1 hybrids is lost in the next generation (F.sub.2). Consequently, seed from hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock.
Hybrid corn seed can be produced by manual detasseling. Alternate strips of two inbred varieties of corn are planted in a field, and the pollen-bearing tassels are removed from one of the inbreds (female). Providing that there is sufficient isolation from sources of foreign corn pollen, the ears of the detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from pollen from the other inbred (male), and the resulting seed is therefore hybrid and will form hybrid plants.
The laborious detasseling process can be avoided by using cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) inbreds. Plants of a CMS inbred are fertilized with pollen from another inbred that is not male-sterile. Pollen from the second inbred can contribute genes that make the hybrid plants male-fertile. Usually seed from detasseled normal corn and CMS produced seed of the same hybrid is blended to insure that adequate pollen loads are available for fertilization when the hybrid plants are grown.
Corn is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeding is to develop stable high yielding corn hybrids that are agronomically sound. The reasons for this goal are obvious: to maximize the amount of grain produced on the land used and to supply food for both animals and humans.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAccording to the invention, there is provided a hybrid corn plant, designated as 3394, produced by crossing two Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred corn lines. This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 3394, the hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and trivial modifications of hybrid 3394. This hybrid corn plant is characterized by superior yield for maturity, excellent seedling vigor, very good roots and stalks, and exceptional stay green. It is widely adapted, but performs best in the Central and Eastern Corn Belt.
DEFINITIONSIn the description and examples that follow, a number of terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided:
ADVANTAGE=It is the advantage the hybrid to be patented has compared to another hybrid for yield (bushels per acre), moisture (drier is an advantage), income, population, stand (plants not stalk lodging is an advantage), roots (plants not root lodging is an advantage), and test weight, respectively, in strip tests.
BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. This is the percent of plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears). 5 B/STK=BRITTLE STALKS RATING. This is a 1-9 rating where a 1, 5, and 9 represent serious, average, and little or no potential for brittle stalk breakage.
BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an indication of whether a hybrid would snap or break near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.
BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of the grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. ABS is in absolute terms and % MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the hybrid was grown.
D/D=DRYDOWN. This represents the relative rate at which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture compared to other hybrids on a 1-9 rating scale. A high score indicates a hybrid that dries relatively fast while a low score indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.
D/E=DROPPED EARS RATING. This is a 1-9 rating where a 1, 5, and 9 represent serious, average, and little or no ear droppage potential, respectively.
DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. This is a measure of the number of dropped ears per plot and represents the percentage of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE. This represents a 1-9 rating for drought tolerance, and is based on data obtained under stress conditions. A high score indicates good drought tolerance and a low score indicates poor drought tolerance.
E/HT=EAR HEIGHT RATING. This is a 1-9 rating with a 1, 5, and 9 representing a very low, average, and very high ear placement, respectively.
EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure from the ground to the top developed ear node attachment and is measured in inches.
EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the hybrid.
GDU BL=GDU TO BLACKLAYER. This is the number of growing degree units required for the hybrid to reach blacklayer from the time that it was planted. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method, where the heat units for a 24-hour period are: ##EQU1##
The highest maximum used is 86.degree. F. and the lowest minimum used is 50.degree. F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDUs to reach various stages of plant development.
GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for a hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting.
GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing degree units required for a hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence from time of planting.
GRN APP=G/A=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to 9 rating for the general quality of the shelled grain as it is harvested based on such factors as the color of the harvested grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores indicate good grain quality and low scores indicate poor grain quality.
H/POP=YIELD AT HIGH DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively high plant densities on a 1-9 relative rating system with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to high plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield response, respectively, to increased plant density.
INCOME/ACRE: Relative income per acre assuming drying costs of two cents per point above 15.5 percent harvest moisture and market price of $2.25 per bushel.
L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively low plant densities on a 1-9 relative system with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to low plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. -A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield response, respectively, to low plant density.
MST=MOIST=HARVEST MOISTURE. Harvest moisture is the actual percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
MST RM=MOISTURE RM. This represents the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating (MN RM) for the hybrid and is based on the harvest moisture of the grain relative to a standard set of checks of previously determined MN RM rating. Linear regression analysis is used to compute this rating.
P/HT=PLANT HEIGHT RATING. This is a 1-9 rating with a 1, 5, and 9 representing a very short, average, and very tall hybrid, respectively.
PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the height of the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in inches.
PoP K/ACRE: Plants per 0.001 acre.
PERCENT WINS: For yield, moisture, income, populations, stand, roots, and test weight, it would be the percentage of comparisons that the hybrid to be patented yielded more, had lower harvest moisture percentage, had greater income per acre, had better stalks, had better roots, and had higher test weight, respectively, in strip tests.
R/L=ROOT LODGING RATING. A 1-9 rating where a higher score indicates less root lodging potential (1 is very poor, 5 is intermediate, and 9 is very good, respectively, for resistance to root lodging).
ROOT (%): Percentage of plants that did not root lodge (lean greater than 30 degrees from vertical) taken on strip test plots.
RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percentage of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30.degree. angle or greater would be counted as root lodged.
S/L=STALK LODGING RATING. This is a 1-9 rating where a higher score indicates less stalk lodging potential (1 is very poor, 5 is intermediate, and 9 is very good, respectively, for resistance to stalk lodging).
SDG VGR=S/VIG=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating (1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth after emergence at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor and a low score indicates poorer vigor.
STA GRN=STGR=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of plant health near the time of black layer formation (physiological maturity) using a 1-9 visual rating. A high score indicates better late-season plant health and a low score indicates poor plant health.
STAND (%): Percentage of plants that did not break (lodge) below the ear taken on strip test plots.
STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and determining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.
T/WT=TEST WEIGHT RATING. This is a 1-9 relative rating with a 1, 5, and 9 indicating very low, average, and very high test weight, respectively.
TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT. The measure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel) adjusted for percent moisture.
YLD=YIELD FOR MATURITY. This represents a 1-9 rating for a hybrid's yield potential. 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very high yield potential, respectively, relative to other hybrids of a similar maturity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONPioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 is a single cross, yellow endosperm, dent corn hybrid with superior yield in its maturity. It has stable yield across environments, has above average grain appearance with average test weight, and has exceptional stay green. 3394 has excellent seedling vigor and very good drought tolerance. The inventor has observed that the leaf angle is semi upright and the leaf is short and wide, which is a unique characteristic of this hybrid. The hybrid has the potential to form an abscision layer and drop ears free from the husk.
This hybrid has the following characteristics based on the descriptive data collected primarily at Johnston, Iowa.
______________________________________
VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
HYBRID = PIONEER BRAND 3394
Type: Dent Region Best Adapted: Central Corn Belt
______________________________________
A. Maturity:
Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating
111
(harvest moisture):
GDU's to Physiological maturity
2760
(black layer):
GDU's to 50% Silk: 1442
##STR1##
B. Plant Characteristics:
Plant height (to tassel tip):
296 cm
Length of top ear internode:
16 cm
Number of ears per stalk:
Single
Ear height (to base of top ear):
101 cm
Number of tillers: None
Cytoplasm type: Normal
C. Leaf:
Color: Dark Green (B14)
Angle from Stalk: <30 degrees
Marginal Waves: Few (WF9)
Number of Leaves (mature plants):
20
Sheath Pubescence: Light (W22)
Longitudinal Creases:
Many (PA11)
Length (Ear node leaf):
94 cm
Width (widest point, ear node leaf):
10 cm
D. Tassel:
Number lateral branches:
6
Branch Angle from central spike:
> 45 degrees
Pollen Shed: Heavy (KY21)
Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal
22 cm
branches):
Anther Color: Purple
Glume Color: Green
E. Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
Length: 20 cm
Weight: 238 gm
Mid-point Diameter: 47 mm
Silk Color: Pink
Husk Extension (Harvest stage):
Short (Ears Exposed)
Husk Leaf: Short (< 8 cm)
Taper of Ear: Slight
Position of Shank (dry husks):
Upright
Kernel Rows: Slightly Curved, Distinct
Number = 16
Husk Color (fresh): Light Green
Husk Color (dry): Buff
Shank Length: 11 cm
Shank (No. of internodes):
7
F. Kernel (Dried):
Size (from ear mid-point)
Length: 13 mm
Width: 8 mm
Thick: 4 mm
Shape Grade (% rounds):
<20%
Pericarp Color: Colorless
Aleurone Color: Homozygous Yellow
Endosperm Color: Yellow
Endosperm Type: Normal Starch
Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsized):
34 gm
G. Cob:
Diameter at mid-point:
26 mm
Strength: Strong
Color: Red
H. Diseases:
Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV =
Resistant
Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus and
MDMV = Maize Dwarf Mosaic
Virus):
Common Smut (U. maydis):
Highly Resistant
Anthracnose Stalk Rot
Intermediate
(C. graminicola):
S. Leaf Blight (B. maydis):
Intermediate
N. Leaf Blight (E. turcicum):
Intermediate
Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae):
Susceptible
Goss's Wilt (C. nebraskense):
Highly Resistant
Head Smut (S. reiliana):
Highly Resistant
Fusarium Ear Mold (F. moniliforme):
Resistant
I. Insects:
European Corn Borer-1 Leaf
Susceptible
Damage (Pre-flowering):
European Corn Borer-2
Intermediate
(Post-flowering):
The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1 being
highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
S (Susceptible): Would generally represent
a score of 1-3.
I (Intermediate): Would generally represent
a score of 4-5.
R (Resistant): Would generally represent
a score of 6-7.
H (Highly Resistant):
Would generally represent
a score of 8-9. Highly
resistant does not imply
the inbred is immune.
J. Variety Most Closely Resembling:
Character Hybrid
Maturity Pioneer Brand 3379
Usage Pioneer Brand 3379
______________________________________
*If maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, then 86 is used and if
minimum is less than 50, then 50 is used. Heat units accumulated daily an
can not be less than 0.
Items B, C, D, E, F, and G are based on a maximum of two reps of data primarily from Johnston, Iowa in 1990.
This invention includes the hybrid corn seed of 3394, the hybrid corn plant produced from the hybrid corn seed, and variants, mutants, and modifications of 3394. This invention also relates to the use of 3394 in producing three-way and double cross hybrids.
The terms variant, trivial modification, and mutant refer to a hybrid seed where a plant produced by that hybrid seed which is phenotypically similar to 3394.
As used herein, the term "plant" includes plant cells, plant protoplast, plant cell or tissue culture from which corn plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks and the like.
Tissue culture of corn is described in European Patent Application, publication number 160,390, incorporated herein by reference. Corn tissue culture procedures are also described in Green and Rhodes, "Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize," Maize for Biological Research, (Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottesville, Va. 1982) at 367-372 and in Duncan, et al., "The Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes," 165 Planta 322-332 (1985).
USES OF CORNCorn is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw material in industry. The food uses of corn, in addition to human consumption of corn kernels, include both products of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of corn dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The corn wet-milling industry can provide starch, syrups, and dextrose for food use. Corn oil is recovered from corn germ, which is a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.
Corn is also used extensively as livestock feed primarily to beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.
Industrial uses of corn are mainly from corn starch from the wet-milling industry and corn flour from the dry-milling industry. The industrial applications of corn starch and flour are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend particles. The corn starch and flour have application in the paper and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applications in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other mining applications.
Plant parts other than the grain of corn are also used in industry. Stalks and husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.
The seed of 3394, the hybrid corn plant produced from the seed, and various parts of the hybrid corn plant can be utilized for human food, livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.
EXAMPLE 1 Research Comparisons for Pioneer Hybrid 3394Comparisons of the characteristics for Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 were made against Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3503, 3417, 3398, 3379, 3362, and 3241; Garst Brand Hybrid GR8532; and Wyffel Brand Hybrids WYF670 and WYF627. These hybrids are grown in the Central and Eastern Corn Belt and have similar maturity. Table 1A compares Pioneer Brand 3394 to Pioneer Brand 3503. 3394 has higher yield and grain harvest moisture, but lower test weight than 3503. 3394 is a taller hybrid with higher ear placement and flowers (GDU Shed) later than 3503. Compared to 3503, 3394 has poorer grain appearance, better stay green, better resistance to stalk lodging, but is more susceptible to root lodging and has fewer brittle stalks.
The results in Table 1B compare Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3417. 3394 has higher yield, grain harvest moisture, and test weight than 3417. 3394 is a taller hybrid, has higher ear placement, and flowers (GDU Shed) later than 3417. 3394 is better agronomically than 3417, having better grain appearance and stay green, better stalk lodging resistance and fewer brittle stalks, but is more susceptible to root lodging.
Table 1C results show Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 is higher yielding but has lower grain moisture and test weight than Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3398. 3394 has more barren plants, but has better seedling vigor and more plants are established early than 3398. 3394 is taller and has a higher ear placement compared to 3398. 3394 flowers (GDU Shed) later than 3398. 3394 has slightly poorer grain appearance and is more susceptible to root lodging, but has better stay green and more resistance to stalk lodging than 3398.
The results in Table 1D compare Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3379. 3394 outyields and has higher test weight but slightly lower grain moisture than 3379. 3394 and 3379 have similar early stand count, but 3394 has better seedling vigor. 3394 has better stay green and is more resistant to stalk and root lodging than 3379.
Table 1E, comparing Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3362, shows 3394 has higher yield, grain moisture, and test weight than 3362. 3394 is a taller hybrid, has higher ear placement, and sheds (GDU Shed) later than 3362. 3394 is more susceptible to root lodging, but has better stay green and stalk lodging resistance than 3362.
Table 1F compares Pioneer Brand 3394 to Pioneer Brand 3241. 3394 has higher yield and test weight and lower grain moisture than 3241. 3394 is shorter with lower ear placement and flowers (GDU Shed) slightly earlier than 3241. Compared to 3241, 3394 has poorer grain appearance, more susceptibility to stalk lodging, more resistance to root lodging, and fewer brittle stalks.
Table 1G results show Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 has higher grain yield but lower grain moisture and test weight than Garst Brand Hybrid GR8532. 3394 is significantly taller and has a higher ear placement than GR8532. 3394 flowers (GDU Shed) later than GR8532. 3394 has better stay green and stalk lodging resistance, but is more susceptible to root lodging than GR8532.
Table 1H compares Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 to Wyffels Brand Hybrid WYF670. 3394 significantly outyields WYF670 but has similar test weight and lower grain moisture. 3394 is taller with higher ear placement and flowers (GDU Shed) later than WYF670. Agronomically, 3394 is better than WYF670, having better grain appearance, stay green, and stalk and root lodging resistance.
Table 1I, comparing Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 to Wyffels Brand Hybrid WYF627, shows 3394 is higher yielding, has higher test weight, but has lower grain moisture than WYF627. 3394 is a taller hybrid and has higher ear placement than WYF627. 3394 flowers (GDU Shed) later than WYF627. 3394 has significantly better stay green and stalk lodging resistance compared to WYF627.
TABLE 1A
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - 3503
BU BU PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR ACR
ACR
MST HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
89 1 156.9
110
17.0
109.7
46.7
5.9
61.7
97.5
1345
59.2
6.2 5.3 89.9
94.4
2 144.2
102
17.5
104.8
43.5
5.9
61.1
98.3
1310
61.2
5.8 5.6 83.1
98.3
LOCS
9 9 9 3 3 4 7 5 3 9 9 4 7 5
PROB
.005#
.007#
.031+
.041+
.101
.000#
.739
.186
.109
.000#
.486
.724
.087*
.525
90 1 163.1
111
20.6
98.2
45.6
7.0
60.4
99.5
1443
57.0
7.0 6.6 94.6
96.7
98.7
2 146.2
99 20.3
91.5
41.0
5.9
57.6
99.8
1375
58.7
7.6 4.4 90.9
97.6
97.5
LOCS
182
182
182 97 97 103
125
123 60 180 124 99 175 57 9
PROB
.000#
.000#
.001#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.029+
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.461
.086*
TOTAL
1 162.8
111
20.4
98.5
45.7
6.9
60.5
99.4
1438
57.1
7.0 6.6 94.4
96.5
98.7
SUM 2 146.1
100
20.1
91.9
41.1
5.9
57.7
99.7
1372
58.8
7.4 4.4 90.6
97.7
97.5
LOCS
191
191
191 100 100
107
132
128 63 189 133 103 182 62 9
DIFF
16.7
11 0.3 6.7 4.6
1.0
2.7
0.3 66 1.8 0.5 2.2 3.8 1.2 1.2
PROB
.000#
.000#
.004#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.016+
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.345
.086*
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1B
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - 3417
BU BU PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR ACR
ACR
MST HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
89 1 159.7
109
18.2
106.6
48.6
5.8
60.9
98.5
1353
58.5
6.3 5.3 92.0
96.2
97.0
2 154.0
105
17.9
103.4
41.6
5.8
61.2
99.2
1308
57.7
5.7 4.1 81.2
93.6
98.9
LOCS
18 18 18 8 8 6 12 9 6 18 18 7 15 9 1
PROB
.174
.181
.209
.011+
.000#
.862
.637
.300
.003#
.021+
.133
.047+
.009#
.124
90 1 164.3
110
20.3
98.6
45.4
7.0
60.7
99.6
1448
57.0
7.2 6.3 95.1
96.6
97.8
2 147.7
99 19.6
94.8
37.8
5.8
59.0
99.8
1392
56.8
6.9 4.5 92.1
99.0
93.9
LOCS
252
252
253 130 130
131
166
161 68 250 161 134 250 80 15
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.028+
.000#
.000#
.009#
.000#
.000#
.002#
.095*
TOTAL
1 164.0
110
20.2
99.0
45.6
7.0
60.7
99.5
1440
57.1
7.1 6.3 94.9
96.6
97.7
SUM 2 148.1
99 19.5
95.3
38.0
5.8
59.2
99.7
1385
56.8
6.8 4.5 91.4
98.4
94.2
LOCS
270
270
271 138 138
137
178
170 74 268 179 141 265 89 16
DIFF
15.8
10 0.7 3.7 7.6
1.2
1.5
0.2 55 0.3 0.3 1.8 3.5 1.9 3.5
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.014+
.000#
.000#
.003#
.000#
.000#
.009#
.108
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1C
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - 3398
BU BU BAR PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP
VAR ACR
ACR
MST PLT HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
88 1 105.1
115
19.3
90.9
95.0
41.5
5.8
53.5
100.0
2 97.2
106
21.3
95.5
87.8
34.3
5.8
60.3
100.0
LOCS
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
PROB
.499
.499
.097*
.156
.109
.022+
.000#
.476
1.00
89 1 172.3
111
19.4 101.0
48.5
6.3
58.5
99.7
2 152.4
98 20.2 101.7
41.0
6.3
58.4
100.0
LOCS
8 8 8 3 3 3 5 4
PROB
.005#
.007#
.056* .881
.013+
1.00
.960
.391
90 1 165.0
109
20.5 100.7
44.1
7.1
61.3
99.6
2 155.1
102
20.9 94.4
38.8
5.8
59.1
99.8
LOCS
94 94 95 40 40 40 64 67
PROB
.000#
.000#
.003# .000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.119
TOTAL SUM
1 164.4
109
20.4
90.9
100.4
44.3
7.0
60.9
99.7
2 153.8
102
20.9
95.5
94.6
38.7
5.9
59.0
99.8
LOCS
104
104
105 2 45 45 46 71 73
DIFF
10.6
7 0.5 4.5 5.9 5.5
1.1
1.9
0.2
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000#
.156
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.090*
__________________________________________________________________________
GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
88 1 1453
57.5
7.3 5.2 99.4
98.3
2 1413
56.4
6.3 3.8 98.3
100.0
LOCS
2 2 2 3 2 2
PROB
.156
.296
.000#
.094*
.500
.500
89 1 1415
57.5
6.3 5.5 91.4
98.8
97.0
2 1357
57.3
6.3 5.0 77.3
97.0
98.9
LOCS
3 8 8 3 7 5 1
PROB
.075*
.714
.000#
.729
.046+
.303
90 1 1428
57.1
6.7 6.3 95.5
95.4
96.8
2 1369
57.3
7.0 4.1 92.0
98.2
95.3
LOCS
21 95 43 52 88 34 9
PROB
.000#
.013+
.085*
.000#
.003#
.062*
.414
TOTAL SUM 1 1428
57.l1
6.6 6.2 95.3
95.9
96.9
2 1371
57.3
6.8 4.1 91.0
98.2
95.7
LOCS
26 105 53 58 97 41 10
DIFF
57 0.2 0.2 2.0 4.2 2.2 1.2
PROB
.000#
.055*
.163
.000#
.000#
.085*
.484
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1D
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - 3379
BU BU BAR PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP
VAR ACR
ACR
MST PLT HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
88 1 125.7
110
20.4
91.4
89.6
39.4
6.2
59.6
99.9
2 116.3
102
22.3
90.9
88.8
37.9
5.9
64.4
99.9
LOCS
16 16 16 5 9 9 10 9 13
PROB
.050*
.075*
.001#
.803
.761
.273
.440
.009#
.700
89 1 162.8
108
20.1 109.9
50.8
6.6
59.7
98.8
2 154.2
102
19.8 111.1
50.4
5.5
60.1
99.5
LOCS
43 43 43 18 18 16 28 22
PROB
.000#
.000#
.064* .261
.469
.000#
.598
.141
90 1 164.6
109
20.1 100.2
45.7
7.0
59.5
99.6
2 150.2
100
20.2 100.8
45.1
5.9
59.4
99.7
LOCS
271
271
272 143 143
141
173
145
PROB
.000#
.000#
.236 .054*
.036+
.000#
.669
.340
TOTAL SUM
1 162.5
109
20.1
91.4
100.6
45.9
6.9
59.5
99.5
2 149.1
100
20.3
90.9
101.2
45.3
5.8
59.7
99.7
LOCS
330
330
331 5 170 170
167
210
180
DIFF
13.4
9 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6
1.1
0.2
0.1
PROB
.000#
.000#
.110
.803
.054*
.015+
.000#
.507
.102
__________________________________________________________________________
GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
88 1 1441
57.3
8.0 4.9 94.3
96.2
100.0
2 1444
56.5
7.6 5.2 90.3
70.5
100.0
LOCS
5 16 13 9 15 5 1
PROB
.872
.001#
.213
.665
.234
.231
89 1 1364
57.3
6.1 6.0 92.4
97.2
98.0
2 1353
56.6
6.4 5.0 91.6
92.6
99.5
LOCS
14 43 38 14 36 17 2
PROB
.086*
.000#
.249
.075*
.557
.056*
.166
90 1 1438
57.0
7.3 6.1 94.5
96.5
97.7
2 1434
57.0
7.2 5.1 94.3
95.5
96.5
LOCS
76 267 180 159 258 69 16
PROB
.171
.735
.758
.000#
.724
.141
.216
TOTAL SUM 1 1427
57.1
7.1 6.0 94.3
96.6
97.8
2 1423
56.9
7.1 5.1 93.8
93.6
97.0
LOCS
95 326 231 182 309 91 19
DIFF
04 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.0 0.8
PROB
.076*
.008#
.948
.000#
.370
.018+
.304
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1E
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - 3362
BU BU PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR ACR
ACR
MST HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
89 1 164.1
109
19.9
103.9
50.5
6.6
59.4
99.0
1369
57.3
6.6 6.2 90.6
95.3
97.0
2 149.4
100
19.8
102.4
47.3
5.0
57.3
98.8
1336
56.9
6.0 3.8 80.2
94.6
99.1
LOCS
21 21 21 8 8 7 12 14 8 21 16 5 20 9 1
PROB
.007#
.009#
.786
.251
.091*
.016+
.200
.543
.006#
.012+
.250
.054*
.005#
.503
90 1 162.8
110
20.1
98.1
44.8
7.0
60.6
99.5
1446
57.2
7.1 6.3 94.9
96.4
97.8
2 143.7
98 19.7
95.0
41.6
5.5
58.2
99.7
1413
56.5
7.0 4.4 91.3
97.9
97.1
LOCS
221
221
222 115 115
121
148
139 70 220 130 121 212 77 17
PROB
.000#
.000#
.001#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.007*
.000#
.000#
.676
.000#
.000#
.012+
.472
TOTAL
1 162.9
110
20.1
98.5
45.2
6.9
60.5
99.5
1438
57.2
7.0 6.3 94.5
96.3
97.8
SUM 2 144.2
98 19.7
95.5
42.0
5.5
58.2
99.6
1405
56.5
6.9 4.4 90.3
97.6
97.2
LOCS
242
242
243 123 123
128
160
153 78 241 146 126 232 86 18
DIFF
18.8
12 0.4 3.0 3.2
1.4
2.4
0.2 33 0.6 0.1 1.9 4.2 1.3 0.6
PROB
.000#
.000#
.001#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.109
.000#
.000#
.366
.000#
.000#
.020+
.548
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1F
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - 3241
BU BU PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR ACR
ACR
MST HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
88 1 136.5
109
20.8
70.5
34.5
5.0 100.0 57.4
8.3 6.0 92.6
93.4
2 146.5
118
23.2
79.5
39.0
6.0 100.0 56.3
7.8 4.0 97.4
46.2
LOCS
6 6 6 2 2 1 5
PROB
.466
.441
.016+
.205
.205 1.00 .137
.580 .207
.456
89 1 173.8
107
24.2
110.0
54.0
7.5
57.4
99.7
1418
55.1
5.8 6.7 92.5
98.0
98.9
2 171.1
105
25.3
115.3
57.3
6.9
57.1
100.0
1398
55.0
7.1 6.8 96.2
90.4
97.8
LOCS
15 15 15 6 6 4 9 7 5 15 15 6 14 7 1
PROB
.508
.532
.000#
.099*
.063*
.239
.891
.173
.247
.634
.001#
.856
.058*
.169
90 1 170.0
109
21.7
101.4
47.8
7.2
57.0
99.8
1428
56.2
7.1 6.2 94.2
99.4
2 164.2
105
23.9
107.4
50.3
7.0
56.8
99.7
1441
55.7
7.6 6.4 95.1
97.0
LOCS
93 93 93 47 47 38 57 51 24 91 82 62 90 10
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.168
.682
.385
.015+
.000#
.000#
.260
.352
.073*
TOTAL
1 168.7
109
22.0
101.2
48.0
7.2
57.1
99.8
1426
56.1
7.0 6.2 93.9
98.3
98.9
SUM 2 164.1
106
24.0
107.2
50.7
7.0
56.8
99.8
1433
55.6
7.5 6.4 95.4
89.2
97.8
LOCS
114
114
114 55 55 43 66 63 29 112 103 69 109 19 1
DIFF
4.6
3 2.0 6.1 2.7
0.3
0.2
0.1 08 0.5 0.5 0.2 1.4 9.1 1.1
PROB
.002#
.004#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.127
.675
.556
.165
.000#
.000#
.340
.083*
.075*
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1G
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - GR8532
BU BU PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR ACR
ACR
MST HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
90 1 162.5
110
19.5
94.4
46.1
6.7
61.7
99.5
1445
57.2
7.2 6.2 93.2
96.5
99.1
2 137.1
93 20.9
83.4
37.9
5.6
60.7
99.8
1347
57.5
7.3 4.1 89.3
98.3
99.1
LOCS
94 94 94 55 55 67 70 64 32 92 63 56 92 34 7
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.044+
.064*
.000#
.008#
.572
.000#
.001#
.131
.961
TOTAL
1 162.5
110
19.5
94.4
46.1
6.7
61.7
99.5
1445
57.2
7.2 6.2 93.2
96.5
99.1
SUM 2 137.1
93 20.9
83.4
37.9
5.6
60.7
99.8
1347
57.5
7.3 4.1 89.3
98.3
99.1
LOCS
94 94 94 55 55 67 70 64 32 92 63 56 92 34 7
DIFF
25.4
17 1.4 11.1
8.2
1.1
1.1
0.3 98 0.3 0.1 2.1 3.8 1.8 0.0
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.000#
.044+
.064*
.000#
.008#
.572
.000#
.001#
.131
.961
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1H
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - WYF670
BU BU BAR PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP
VAR ACR
ACR
MST PLT HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
88 1 108.7
113
20.4
90.4
94.3
41.7
5.6
58.6
99.6
2 94.9
99 22.9
94.0
83.5
32.7
5.6
61.8
100.0
LOCS
5 5 5 3 3 3 4 4 3
PROB
.010+
.004#
.025+
.163
.000#
.102
.000#
.375
.423
89 1 155.5
107
18.3 110.2
50.5
6.4
61.4
98.4
2 137.2
94 20.2 98.9
41.4
6.2
60.3
99.9
LOCS
20 20 20 9 9 7 12 14
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000# .000#
.000#
.766
.274
.005#
98 1 163.2
110
20.0 102.0
45.2
7.1
59.4
99.5
2 139.3
94 20.9 90.5
36.8
5.9
58.2
99.8
LOCS
119
119
119 64 64 70 83 60
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000# .000#
.000#
.000#
.010+
.056*
TOTAL SUM
1 160.2
110
19.8
90.4
102.7
45.7
6.9
59.6
99.3
2 137.5
94 20.9
94.0
91.2
37.2
5.9
58.6
99.9
LOCS
144
144
144 3 76 76 81 99 77
DIFF
22.7
16 1.1 3.6 11.5
8.5
1.1
1.0
0.5
PROB
.000#
.000#
.000#
.163
.000#
.000#
.000#
.018+
.001#
__________________________________________________________________________
GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
88 1 1432
57.2
7.3 4.5 98.6
98.1
2 1355
55.5
6.0 5.1 99.3
100.0
LOCS
3 5 5 4 5 3
PROB
.175
.002#
.019+
.703
.430
.196
89 1 1317
58.5
6.4 5.6 92.6
95.8
97.0
2 1254
58.6
5.9 4.3 84.1
92.7
100.0
LOCS
5 20 20 5 15 8 1
PROB
.007#
.587
.102
.019+
.018+
.303
90 1 1448
57.3
7.2 6.2 95.0
96.6
99.2
2 1371
57.5
6.9 4.1 91.2
95.5
99.3
LOCS
39 118 80 71 109 30 7
PROB
.000#
.049+
.011+
.000#
.000#
.384
.821
TOTAL SUM 1 1433
57.4
7.1 6.1 94.9
96.5
98.9
2 1357
57.6
6.6 4.1 90.7
95.3
99.4
LOCS
47 143 105 80 129 41 8
DIFF
76 0.1 0.4 2.0 4.2 1.3 0.5
PROB
.000#
.187
.001#
.000#
.000#
.242
.447
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
TABLE 1I
__________________________________________________________________________
VARIETY #1 - 3394
VARIETY #2 - WYF627
BU BU PLT EAR
SDG
EST
DRP GDU TST GRN STA STK RT BRT
VAR ACR
ACR
MST HT HT VGR
CNT
EAR SHD WTA APP GRN LDG LDG STK
YEAR # ABS
% MN
ABS ABS ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS
__________________________________________________________________________
89 1 146.7
104
17.8
125.0
53.8
7.2
62.5
98.2
1280
58.9
6.3 98.0
100.0
2 129.9
91 18.3
116.8
50.5
7.0
59.2
99.0
1230
58.5
6.3 96.0
100.0
LOCS
5 5 5 2 2 3 3 5 1 5 5 2 1
PROB
.019+
.032+
.100
.170
.234
.742
.063*
.341 .451
.000# .291
90 1 157.8
110
21.9
101.1
46.0
6.8
56.8
99.5
1446
56.2
7.1 6.4 94.9
97.2
100.0
2 143.0
99 22.3
98.1
43.9
6.0
57.5
99.6
1427
55.5
6.8 3.5 87.1
97.0
100.0
LOCS
57 57 57 23 23 26 32 36 14 57 35 26 57 17 2
PROB
.000#
.000#
.073*
.003#
.002#
.008#
.443
.563
.017+
.000#
.270
.000#
.000#
.610
1.00
TOTAL
1 156.9
110
21.6
103.0
46.6
6.8
57.3
99.3
1435
56.4
7.0 6.4 95.0
97.4
100.0
SUM 2 141.6
99 21.9
99.6
44.4
6.1
57.6
99.5
1414
55.8
6.8 3.5 87.4
97.1
100.0
LOCS
62 62 62 25 25 29 35 41 15 62 40 26 59 18 2
DIFF
15.0
11 0.4 3.4 2.2
0.7
0.3
0.2 21 0.6 0.2 2.9 7.5 0.3 0.0
PROB
.000#
.000#
.048+
.001#
.001#
.007#
.683
.343
.008#
.000#
.287
.000#
.000#
.609
1.00
__________________________________________________________________________
* = 10% SIG
+ = 5% SIG
# = 1% SIG
EXAMPLE 2
Strip Test Data for Hybrid 3394
Comparison data was collected from strip tests that were grown by farmers. Each hybrid was grown in strips of 4, 6, 8, 12, etc. rows in fields depending on the size of the planter used. The data was collected from strip tests that had the hybrids in the same area and weighed. The moisture percentage was determined and bushels per acre was adjusted to 15.5 percent moisture. The number of comparisons represent the number of locations or replications for the two hybrids that were grown in the same field in close proximity and compared.
Comparison strip testing was done between Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 and Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3503, 3417, 3398, 3379, 3362, and 3241; Garst Brand Hybrid 8532; and Wyffels Brand Hybrid WYF670. The comparisons came from all the hybrid's adapted growing areas in the United States.
These results are presented in Table 2. The results show Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 had a yield advantage over compared hybrids except Pioneer Hybrid 3398 where it had a disadvantage of 2.8 bushels per acre. 3394 had a slight moisture disadvantage against Pioneer Hybrids 3503, 3417, and 3362, and Garst Hybrid 8532. 3394 showed a greater income advantage to the farmer based on adjusted gross income over all hybrids compared except Pioneer Hybrid 3398 where the disadvantage was $4.18 per acre. With the exception of Pioneer Hybrid 3398, 3394's yield and income advantage plus its advantage for other characteristics over these hybrids will make it an important addition for most of the areas where these hybrids are grown.
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
PIONEER HYBRID 3394 VS PIONEER HYBRIDS 3503, 3417, 3398,
3379, 3362, AND 3241; GARST HYBRID GR8532;
AND WYFFELS WYF670 FROM 1990 STRIP TESTS
Income/
Pop Stand
Roots
Test
Brand Product
Yield
Moist
Acre K/Acre
(%) (%) Wt
__________________________________________________________________________
PIONEER 3394 167.8
19.4
402.22
23.2 92 98 56.7
PIONEER 3503 154.6
19.1
371.57
22.9 87 96 58.5
Advantage 13.2
-0.3
30.65
0.3 5 2 -1.8
Number of Comparisons
159 159 159 85 68 40 133
Percent Wins 87 40 83 54 45 5 6
Probability of Difference
99 99 99 85 99 65 99
PIONEER 3394 169.3
19.4
405.74
23.6 91 98 56.7
PIONEER 3417 160.1
18.8
385.83
23.4 88 98 56.3
Advantage 9.2 -0.6
19.91
0.2 3 0 0.4
Number of Comparisons
245 245 245 145 116 87 200
Percent Wins 75 28 72 46 55 5 56
Probability of Difference
99 99 99 84 99 2 99
PIONEER 3394 162.6
17.7
395.41
22.1 96 100 57.3
PIONEER 3398 164.4
18.2
399.59
21.9 98 100 57.1
Advantage -2.8
0.5 -4.18
0.2 -2 0 0.2
Number of Comparisons
37 37 37 20 11 7 36
Percent Wins 32 64 40 45 18 0 44
Probability of Difference
92 97 68 20 63 0 67
PIONEER 3394 167.1
19.4
400.61
23.6 92 98 56.9
PIONEER 3379 155.0
19.4
371.71
23.7 93 98 56.5
Advantage 12.1
0.0 28.90
-0.1 -1 0 0.4
Number of Comparisons
343 343 343 217 172 122 282
Percent Wins 85 45 86 41 37 11 52
Probability of Difference
99 41 99 44 89 5 99
PIONEER 3394 167.6
18.8
404.01
23.3 90 99 57.0
PIONEER 3362 153.6
18.4
371.89
22.5 88 99 56.4
Advantage 14.0
-0.4
32.12
0.8 2 0 0.6
Number of Comparisons
191 191 191 109 90 75 150
Percent Wins 91 37 92 59 54 2 61
Probability of Difference
99 99 99 99 97 35 99
PIONEER 3394 170.4
19.7
407.79
24.3 95 98 57.1
PIONEER 3241 161.8
22.7
375.08
23.8 94 95 56.0
Advantage 8.6 3.0 32.71
0.5 1 3 1.1
Number of Comparisons
130 130 130 95 61 45 105
Percent Wins 73 96 85 53 47 15 71
Probability of Difference
99 99 99 93 54 77 99
PIONEER 3394 136.4
25.9
308.72
23.2 90 100 55.5
GARST 8532 113.3
25.5
258.72
24.2 77 100 55.0
Advantage 23.1
-0.4
50.00
-1.0 13 0 0.5
Number of Comparisons
3 3 3 2 2 2 2
Percent Wins 66 66 66 0 50 0 50
Probability of Difference
58 28 60 50 36 0 50
PIONEER 3394 168.2
22.0
392.84
20.5 95 100 50.0
WYFFELS W670 149.9
23.7
344.68
25.0 92 100 55.0
Advantage 18.3
1.7 48.16
-4.5 3 0 -5.0
Number of Comparisons
6 6 6 1 1 1 1
Percent Wins 83 83 83 0 100 0 0
Probability of Difference
97 84 97 0 0 0 0
PIONEER 3394 167.9
19.3
402.93
23.6 92 98 56.9
WEIGHTED 156.8
19.5
375.69
23.3 91 98 56.7
AVG
Advantage 11.1
0.2 27.24
0.3 1 0 0.2
Number of Comparisons
1114
1114
1114 674 521 379 909
Percent Wins 81 46 82 48 46 7 49
Probability of Difference
99 99 99 99 99 81 99
__________________________________________________________________________
NOTE: The probability values are useful in analyzing if there is a "real"
difference in the genetic potential of the products involved. High values
are desirable, with 95% considered significant for real differences.
EXAMPLE 3
Comparison of Key Characteristics for Hybrid 3394
Characteristics of Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 are compared to Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3503, 3417, 3398, 3379, 3362, and 3241; Garst Brand Hybrid GR8532; and Wyffel Brand Hybrids WYF627 and WYF670 in Table 3. The ratings given for most of the traits are on a 1-9 basis. In these cases 9 would be outstanding, while 1 would be poor for the given characteristics. These values are based on performance of a given hybrid relative to other Pioneer commercial, precommercial, and competitive hybrids that are grown in research and strip test trials. The traits characterized in Table 3 were defined previously and the ratings utilized not only research data but experience trained corn researchers had in the field as well as sales experience with the hybrids in strip test and the field. These scores reflect the hybrid's relative performance to other hybrids for the characteristics listed. The table shows 3394 yielded well for its maturity, yielding equally well at both high and low plant population densities. 3394 has very good stay green and seedling vigor compared to the other hybrids. 3394 is shorter compared to the other hybrids except Pioneer Hybrid 3241. 3394 has overall excellent yield and agronomic characteristics which should make it an important hybrid in its area of adaptation.
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
HYBRID PATENT COMPARISONS--CHARACTERISTICS
Pioneer Hybrid 3394 vs Pioneer Hybrids 3503, 3417, 3398, 3379, 3362, and
3241;
Garst Hybrid 8532; and Wyffel Hybrids WYF627 and WYF670
HYBRID
SILK.sub.-- CRM
GDU.sub.-- SILK
BL.sub.-- CRM
GDU.sub.-- BL
CRM YLD
H/POP
L/POP
D/D
S/L
__________________________________________________________________________
3394 109 1442 110 2760 111 9 9 9 6 7
3503 107 1413 106 2698 109 8 8 7 5 4
3417 108 1423 110 2760 108 9 8 9 6 4
3398 108 1435 109 2756 111 9 8 9 5 6
3379 112 1473 116 2856 111 8 9 6 8 7
3362 111 1462 110 2767 111 8 9 6 6 5
3241 112 1478 113 2806 114 8 8 6 4 8
GR8532
105 113 8 8 6 3 4
WYF627
108 1435 108 2739 111 7 5 7 5 3
WYF670
106 1399 107 2714 113 7 8 6 3 4
__________________________________________________________________________
HYBRID
R/L
STGR
D/T
T/WT
G/A
S/VIG
P/HT
E/HT
D/E
B/STK
__________________________________________________________________________
3394 7 8 7 5 6 8 5 4 4 4
3503 6 6 7 8 6 6 3 3 6 5
3417 6 4 8 5 5 5 4 2 6 4
3398 6 3 8 5 7 5 4 3 6 6
3379 5 7 8 5 5 4 4 5 6 7
3362 7 6 9 4 4 4 4 3 6 8
3241 4 8 7 5 6 9 7 8 5 3
GR8532
7 5 8 5 4 5 2 1 5 7
WYF627
3 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 4
WYF670
7 5 8 5 4 5 2 1 5 7
__________________________________________________________________________
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the invention, as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
DepositsApplicant has made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Hybrid Corn Line 3394 with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, Md. 20852 USA, ATCC Deposit No. 97224. The seeds deposited with the ATCC on July 17, 1995 were taken from the deposit maintained by Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 700 Capital Square, 400 Locust Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2340 since prior to the filing date of this application. This deposit of the Hybrid Corn Line 3394 will be maintained in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally, Applicant has satisfied all the requirements of 37 C.F.R. .sctn..sctn.1.801 - 1.809, including providing an indication of the viability of the sample. Applicant imposes no restrictions on the availability of the deposited material from the ATCC; however, Applicant has no authority to waive any restrictions imposed by law on the transfer of biological material or its transportation in commerce. Applicant does not waive any infringement of its rights granted under this patent.
Claims
1. A hybrid corn plant designated as 3394 and its parts, and having ATCC accession number 97224.
2. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim 1 wherein the plants regenerated from the culture have all the physiological and morphological characteristics of 3394.
3. A corn plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 2 and having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid 3394.
4. A tissue culture of a plant according to claim 2, wherein the tissue is selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, roots, root tips, anthers, silk, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks, stalks, cells, and protoplasts thereof.
5. A hybrid corn plant having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of 3394, ATCC accession number 97224.
6. Seed produced by a hybrid corn plant designated as 3394, said hybrid corn plant having ATCC accession number 97224.
| 4812599 | March 14, 1989 | Segebart |
| 160390 | January 1990 | EPX |
- Troyer, A. F. (1990) A Retrospective View of Corn Genetic Resources, Journal of Heredity, vol. 81, pp. 17-24. Allard, R. W. (1960) Principles of Plant Breeding, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 67-69. PVP Application and PVP Certificate for Inbred Corn Line PHN46. PVP Application and PVP Certificate for Inbred Corn Line PHN46. Conger, B. V., et al. (1987) "Somatic Embryogenesis From Cultured Leaf Segments of Zea Mays", Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347. Duncan, D. R., et al. (1985) "The Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration From Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes", Planta, 165:322-332. Edallo, et al. (1981) "Chromosomal Variation and Frequency of Spontaneous Mutation Associated with in Vitro Culture and Plant Regeneration in Maize", Maydica, XXVI:39-56. Green, et al., (1975) "Plant Regeneration From Tissue Cultures of Maize", Crop Science, vol. 15, pp. 417-421. Green, C. E., et al. (1982) "Plant Regeneration in Tissue Cultures of Maize", Maize for Biological Research, pp. 367-372. Hallauer, A. R. et al. (1988) "Corn Breeding", Corn and Corn Improvement, No. 18, pp. 463-481. Meghji, M. R., et al. (1984). "Inbreeding Depression, Inbred & Hybrid Grain Yields and Other Traits of Maize Genotypes Representing Three Eras", Crop Science, vol. 24, pp. 545-549. Phillips, et al. (1988) "Cell/Tissue Culture and in Vitro Manipulation", Corn & Corn Improvement, 3rd Ed., ASA Publication, No. 18, pp. 345-387. Poehlman (1987) Breeding Field Crop, AVI Publication Co., Westport, Ct., pp. 237-246. Rao, K. V. et al., (1986) "Somatic Embryogenesis in Glume Callus Cultures", Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, No. 60, pp. 64-65. Sass, John F. (1977) "Morphology", Corn & Corn Improvement, ASA Publication. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 89-109. Songstad, D. D. et al. (1988) "Effect of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxyclic acid), Silver Nitrate & Norbonadiene on Plant Regeneration From Maize Callus Cultures", Plant Cell Reports, 7:262-265. Tomes, et al. (1985) "The Effect of Parental Genotype on Initiation of Embryogenic Callus From Elite Maize (Zea Mays L.) Germplasm", Theor. Appl. Genet., vol. 70, pp. 505-509. Troyer, et al. (1985) "Selection for Early Flowering in Corn: 10 Late Synthetics", Crop Science, vol. 25, pp. 695-697. Umbeck, et al. (1983) "Reversion of Male-Sterile T-Cytoplasm Maize to Male Fertility in Tissue Culture", Crop Science, vol. 23, pp. 584-588. Wright, Harold (1980) "Commercial Hybrid Seed Production", Hybridization of Crop Plants, Ch. 8: 161-176. Wych, Robert D. (1988) "Production of Hybrid Seed", Corn and Corn Improvement, Ch. 9, pp. 565-607.
Type: Grant
Filed: Nov 22, 1994
Date of Patent: Feb 13, 1996
Assignee: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (Des Moines, IA)
Inventors: William S. Niebur (Victor), Raymond D. Riley (Humboldt County, IA), Stephen W. Noble (Polk County, IA)
Primary Examiner: Gary Benzion
Law Firm: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
Application Number: 8/323,273
International Classification: A01H 500; A01H 400; C12M 504;
