Cooled probes and apparatus for maintaining contact between cooled probes and tissue
Apparatus and methods for maintaining contact between tissue and cooled probes.
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1. Field of Inventions
The present inventions relate generally to devices for performing diagnostic and therapeutic operations on body tissue.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are many instances where diagnostic and therapeutic elements (referred to herein collectively as “operative elements”) must be positioned adjacent to body tissue. One instance involves the formation of therapeutic lesions to the treat cardiac conditions such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and arrhythmia. Therapeutic lesions may also be used to treat conditions in other regions of the body including, but not limited to, the prostate, liver, brain, gall bladder, uterus and other solid organs. Typically, the lesions are formed by ablating tissue with one or more electrodes. Electromagnetic radio frequency (“RF”) energy applied by the electrode heats, and eventually kills (i.e. “ablates”), the tissue to form a lesion. During the ablation of soft tissue (i.e. tissue other than blood, bone and connective tissue), tissue coagulation occurs and it is the coagulation that kills the tissue. Thus, references to the ablation of soft tissue are necessarily references to soft tissue coagulation. “Tissue coagulation” is the process of cross-linking proteins in tissue to cause the tissue to jell. In soft tissue, it is the fluid within the tissue cell membranes that jells to kill the cells, thereby killing the tissue. Depending on the procedure, a variety of different electrophysiology devices may be used to position a plurality of electrodes at the target location.
In recent years, devices such as surgical soft tissue coagulation probes that carry one or more diagnostic or therapeutic elements have been developed. These probes may be used, for example, in endocardial and epicardial procedures where access to the heart is obtained by way of a thoracostomy, thoracotomy or median sternotomy. Such probes also allow endocardial lesions to be formed as a secondary procedure during a primary open heart surgical procedure such as mitral valve replacement, aortic valve replacement, and coronary artery bypass grafting. In either case, it is frequently desirable to create continuous linear lesions for therapeutic purposes.
Tissue contact can be an issue in any electrophysiology procedure, including those which involve the use of surgical probes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The failure to achieve and maintain intimate contact between the tissue and operative elements can result in gaps in what were intended to be continuous linear lesions. Such gaps may result in a failure to cure the patient's arrhythmia and atrial flutter or may create atrial flutter. Moreover, atrial flutter created by gaps in linear lesions can difficult to cure. Poor contact between the tissue and operative elements can also result in lesions that are not transmural. Lesion which are not transmural may, in turn, fail to cure the patient's arrhythmia or other medical condition.
Another issue in electrophysiology procedures is operative element positioning and, more specifically, preventing the operative elements from moving after the physician has placed them adjacent to the target tissue region.
Tissue temperature can also be an issue in lesion creation procedures. For example, a relatively wide deep lesion may be created by reducing the temperature of the tissue closest to the electrode(s). This shifts the hottest iso-thermal region deeper into the tissue, thereby enabling higher power to be delivered without causing char or excessive surface desiccation to occur. Higher power, in turn, results in a larger volume of tissue being heated to a temperature sufficient to coagulate tissue (above 50° C.) and, therefore, a wider and deeper lesion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONSA suction device in accordance with a present invention may be used, for example, in combination with an electrophysiology device that includes at least one operative element and a fluid outlet. The suction device includes at least one suction pod defining a suction region and can be secured to the electrophysiology device such that the fluid outlet is within the suction region.
A suction device in accordance with a present invention may be used, for example, in combination with an electrophysiology device that includes at least one operative element. The suction device includes at least one suction pod and can be secured to the electrophysiology device such that a portion of the electrophysiology device extends below the bottom surface of the suction pod.
A suction device in accordance with a present invention may be used, for example, in combination with an electrophysiology device that includes at least one operative element. The suction device includes at least two longitudinally spaced suction pods and can be secured to the electrophysiology device such that the substantial majority of the operative element is between the suction pods.
The present inventions also encompass suction systems including a suction device, electrophysiology systems including an electrophysiology device and a suction device, and methods involving the use of a suction device in combination with an electrophysiology device.
The above described and many other features and attendant advantages of the present inventions will become apparent as the inventions become better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the inventions will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following is a detailed description of the best presently known modes of carrying out the inventions. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the inventions.
The detailed description of the preferred embodiments is organized as follows:
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- I. Exemplary System Overview
- II. Exemplary Surgical Probe Systems
- III. Exemplary Fluid Retaining Structures
- IV. Exemplary Suction System
- V. Exemplary Operative Elements, Temperature Sensing And Power Control
The section titles and overall organization of the present detailed description are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to limit the present inventions.
This specification discloses a number of structures, mainly in the context of cardiac treatment, because the structures are well suited for use with myocardial tissue. Nevertheless, it should be appreciated that the structures are applicable for use in therapies involving other types of soft tissue. For example, various aspects of the present inventions have applications in procedures concerning other regions of the body such as the prostate, liver, brain, gall bladder, uterus and other solid organs.
I. Exemplary System Overview
As illustrated for example in
There are a number of advantages associated with the exemplary electrophysiology system 10. For example, the suction device 204 may be used to convert a surgical probe such as the surgical probe 102, which does not have suction capabilities, into a surgical probe that does. The suction device 204 may also be used to convert other types of electrophysiology systems and devices, such as steerable and non-steerable diagnostic and/or therapeutic catheters, into a surgical probe with suction capabilities. Other advantages are associated with the use of cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of the tissue closest to the electrodes. Such cooling results in wider and deeper lesions than could otherwise be achieved without charring.
The exemplary suction system 200 may also be used to remove the cooling fluid from the patient. Use of the suction system 200 to remove the cooling fluid eliminates the need for a fluid return lumen within the probe and, because the perfusion length is reduced by half (as compared to a probe with the return lumen), the size of the cooling fluid supply lumen may be reduced. This facilitates the formation of lower profile probes that may be more readily positioned in open thoracic and minimally invasive procedures. Additionally, because the vacuum associated with the suction system 200 draws the cooling fluid out of the patient, the driving pressure required for the cooling fluid may be reduced.
II. Exemplary Surgical Probe Structure
The exemplary suction system 200, which is described in greater detail in Section IV below, may be used in combination with a wide variety of electrophysiology devices including, but not limited to, surgical probes, catheters, imaging devices, transducer arrays and diagnostic monitoring devices. Exemplary surgical probes and catheters are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,142,994 and 6,287,301.
As illustrated for example in
The exemplary surgical probe system 100 is a cooled surgical probe system and, more specifically, the surgical probe system employs fluid to cool the electrodes 108 or other operative elements (and, accordingly, reduce the temperature of the adjacent tissue) during coagulation procedures. As described in greater detail below, heat from the electrodes 108 is transferred to the fluid to cool the electrodes while energy is transferred from the electrodes to the tissue. Cooling the electrodes 108 (and the adjacent tissue) during a coagulation procedure facilitates the formation of lesions that are wider and deeper than those that could be realized with an otherwise identical device which lacks the present cooling apparatus. Additionally, although gaseous cooling fluid may be employed, liquid is preferred.
Referring more specifically to
Suitable electrically non-conductive, thermally conductive thermoplastics for the distal portion 114 include flexible thermoplastic polymer materials, such as nylon or polyurethane, which are filled with a filler that promotes heat transfer. Suitable fillers include graphite, aluminum, tungsten and ceramic powders. Another suitable filler is Carborundum CarboTherm™ boron nitride powder manufactured by Saint-Gobain in Cavaillon, France. The proximal portion 112, on the other hand, does not have relatively high thermal conductivity and may be formed from, for example, flexible non-conductive thermoplastics such as Pebax® material and polyurethane.
A tip member 120 (
In the exemplary implementation illustrated in
The exemplary shaft proximal and distal portions 112 and 114 are multi-lumen structures, each of which includes the fluid inlet lumen 116 and the power and signal wire lumen 122. Alternatively, separate lumens may be provided for the power and signal wires 158 and 164. The power and signal wire lumen 122 may also be eliminated altogether in those instances where the power and signal wires 158 and 164 are sufficiently insulated and/or the cooling fluid is sufficiently non-conductive.
In addition to the aforementioned fillers, heat transfer may be promoted by minimizing the thickness of the electrically non-conductive material between the inlet lumen 116 and the electrodes 108 within the distal portion 114 and by maximizing the cross-sectional area of the inlet lumen within the distal and proximal portions of the shaft. With respect to the shaft distal portion 114 illustrated in
In order to allow the cooling fluid inlet lumen 116 to occupy as much of the cross-sectional area and circumferential area of the shaft 104 as possible, the power and signal wire lumen 122 should be just large enough to accommodate the power and signal wires 158 and 164. The width of the inlet lumen 116 (i.e. the distance between the outer wall 124 and the inner region 126) should be at least 2 times the thickness of outer wall and, preferably 4 times the thickness of the outer wall. In the implementation where the outer diameter of the distal portion 114 is about 8 French (2.66 mm), and the thickness of the outer wall 124 is about 0.10 mm to about 0.25 mm, the width of the inlet lumen 116 preferably about 0.51 mm to about 1.02 mm.
As illustrated for example in
With respect to fluid temperature and flow rate, a suitable inlet temperature is about 0 to 25° C. and the fluid supply device 400 may be provided with a suitable cooling system to bring the temperature of the fluid down to the desired level. Although the fluid temperature will rise as heat is transferred to the fluid, the temperature will remain low enough to draw heat from the electrodes 108 as it flows through the inlet lumen 116. In a seven electrode embodiment such as those illustrated in
Another exemplary surgical probe is generally represented by reference numeral 102a in
In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
The distal portion 114b of another exemplary probe 102b, which is substantially identical to the probe 102 illustrated in
Additional details concerning cooled surgical probes with both flexible and malleable distal sections may be found in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2003/0078644, which is incorporated herein by reference.
III. Exemplary Fluid Retaining Structures
The distal portion of probes in accordance with the present inventions may, in some instances, be covered with one or more fluid retaining structures. There are a variety of advantages associated with the use of the fluid retaining structures such as, for example, keeping the tissue moist and preventing desiccation.
As illustrated for example in
The proximal and distal ends of the exemplary outer casing 148 are secured to the distal portion 114b with anchoring devices 152, such as lengths of heat shrink tubing, Nitinol tubing or other mechanical devices that form an interference fit between the casing and the base member. Adhesive bonding is another method of securing the outer casing 148 to the distal portion 114b.
Initially, the cooling fluid passing through the fluid inlet lumen 116 and outlet apertures 118 will fill the fluid space 149. Once the fluid space 149 is filled, cooling fluid will exit the fluid space through an outlet aperture 150 in the distal end of the outer casing 148 as additional cooling fluid enters to outer casing. This fluid is then removed from the patient by the suction system 200 in the manner described in Section IV below.
The electrically conductive ionic fluid preferably possesses a low resistivity to decrease ohmic loses, and thus ohmic heating effects, within the outer casing 148. The composition of the electrically conductive fluid can vary. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid is a hypertonic saline solution, having a sodium chloride concentration at or near saturation, which is about 5% to about 25% weight by volume. Hypertonic saline solution has a relatively low resistivity of only about 5 ohm-cm, as compared to blood resistivity of about 150 ohm-cm and myocardial tissue resistivity of about 500 ohm-cm. Alternatively, the ionic fluid can be a hypertonic potassium chloride solution.
With respect to temperature and flow rate, a suitable inlet temperature for epicardial applications (the temperature will, of course, rise as heat is transferred to the fluid) is about 0 to 25° C. with a constant flow rate of about 2 to 10 ml/min. The flow rate required for endocardial applications where blood is present would be about three-fold higher (i.e. 6 to 60 ml/min.). Should applications so require, a flow rate of up to 100 ml/min. may be employed. As noted above, in an open system such as that illustrated in
The fluid pressure within the outer casing 148 should be about 30 mm Hg in order to provide a structure that will resiliently conform to the tissue surface in response to a relatively small force normal to the tissue. Pressures above about 100 mm Hg will cause the outer casing 148 to become too stiff to properly conform to the tissue surface. For that reason, the flow resistance to and from the outer casing 148 should be relatively low.
Regenerated cellulose membrane materials, typically used for blood oxygenation, dialysis or ultrafiltration, are a suitable nanoporous material for the outer casing 148. The thickness of the material should be about 0.002 to 0.005 inch. Although regenerated cellulose is electrically non-conductive, the relatively small pores of this material allow effective ionic transport in response to the applied RF field. At the same time, the relatively small pores prevent transfer of macromolecules through the material, so that pressure driven liquid perfusion is less likely to accompany the ionic transport, unless relatively high pressure conditions develop within the outer casing 148.
Hydro-Fluoro™ material, which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,325, is another material that may be used. Materials such as nylons (with a softening temperature above 100° C.), PTFE, PEI and PEEK that have nanopores created through the use of lasers, electrostatic discharge, ion beam bombardment or other processes may also be used. Such materials would preferably include a hydrophilic coating. Nanoporous to microporous materials may also be fabricated by weaving a material (such as nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon, fine diameter stainless steel, or other fiber) into a mesh having the desired pore size and porosity. These materials permit pressure driven transport of liquid (under relatively high pressure) as well as passage of ions in response to the applied RF field. Since these materials possess larger pore diameters, pressure driven liquid perfusion, and the attendant transport of macromolecules through the pores, are also more likely to occur. The fluid that is driven through the pores can be removed by the vacuum created by the suction device 204, primarily within the suction regions 211 (discussed below with reference to
The electrical resistivity of the outer casing 148 will have a significant influence on lesion geometry and controllability. Low-resistivity (below about 500 ohm-cm) requires more RF power and results in deeper lesions, while high-resistivity (at or above about 500 ohm-cm) generates more uniform heating and improves controllability. Because of the additional heat generated by the increased resistivity within the outer casing 148, less RF power is required to reach similar surface tissue temperatures after the same interval of time. Consequently, lesions generated with high-resistivity structures usually have smaller depth. The electrical resistivity of the outer casing can be controlled by specifying the pore size of the material, the porosity of the material, and the water adsorption characteristics (hydrophilic versus hydrophobic) of the material. A detailed discussion of these characteristics is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,513. A suitable electrical resistivity for epicardial and endocardial lesion formation is about 1 to 3000 ohm-cm measured wet.
Generally speaking, low or essentially no liquid perfusion through the nanoporous outer casing 148 is preferred. When undisturbed by attendant liquid perfusion, ionic transport creates a continuous virtual electrode at the tissue interface. The virtual electrode efficiently transfers RF energy without need for an electrically conductive metal surface.
Pore diameters smaller than about 0.1 μm retain macromolecules, but allow ionic transfer through the pores in response to the applied RF field. With smaller pore diameters, pressure driven liquid perfusion through the pores is less likely to accompany the ionic transport, unless relatively high pressure conditions develop within the outer casing 148. Larger pore diameters (up to 8 μm) can also be used to permit ionic current flow across the membrane in response to the applied RF field. With larger pore diameters, pressure driven fluid transport across the membrane is much higher and macromolecules (such as protein) and even small blood cells (such as platelets) could cross the membrane and contaminate the inside of the probe. Red blood cells would normally not cross the membrane barrier, even if fluid perfusion across the membrane stops. On balance, a pore diameter of 1 to 5 μm is suitable for epicardial and endocardial lesion formation. Where a larger pore diameter is employed, thereby resulting in significant fluid transfer through the porous region, a saline solution having a sodium chloride concentration of about 0.9% weight by volume would be preferred.
With respect to porosity, which represents the volumetric percentage of the outer casing 148 that is composed of pores and not occupied by the casing material, the magnitude of the porosity affects electrical resistance. Low-porosity materials have high electrical resistivity, whereas high-porosity materials have low electrical resistivity. The porosity of the outer casing 148 should be at least 1% for epicardial and endocardial applications employing a 1 to 5 μm pore diameter.
Turning to water absorption characteristics, hydrophilic materials are generally preferable because they possess a greater capacity to provide ionic transfer of RF energy without significant liquid flow through the material.
Wettable fluid retention elements are another type of fluid retaining element that may be used in conjunction with probes that do not include fluid lumens. The wettable fluid retention elements, which cool tissue (primarily by vaporization) and prevent desiccation, are simply saturated with ionic fluid such as saline prior to use. As illustrated for example in
Suitable materials for the fluid retention element 154 include biocompatible fabrics commonly used for vascular patches (such as woven Dacron®), open cell foam materials, hydrogels, nanoporous, microporous and porous balloon materials (with very slow fluid delivery to the surface), and hydrophilic nanoporous or microporous materials. The effective electrical resistivity of the fluid retention element 154 when wetted with 0.9% saline (normal saline) should range from about 1 Ω-cm to about 2000 Ω-cm. A preferred resistivity for epicardial and endocardial procedures is about 1000 Ω-cm.
It should be noted that fluid retention elements may also be used in conjunction with probes, such as the exemplary probe 102b illustrated in
IV. Exemplary Suction System
As illustrated for example in
Turning to
The exemplary slot 218 is generally U-shaped in cross-section. The distance between the linear portions 219, as well as the diameter of the semi-circular portion 221, will preferably be slightly less than the diameter of the surgical probe distal portion 114. As such, the probe distal portion 114 may be removably pressed into the slot 218 to create an air-tight interference fit therebetween. Additionally, the main body includes suction pod separators 220 that define the top, semi-circular portion 221 of the slot 218. The separators 220 form an air-tight seal in the area between the suction pods 210 when the distal portion 114 (and electrodes 108) are pressed against the semi-circular portion 221, thereby isolating the suction pods 210 from one another.
Another exemplary connector that may be employed is a slot that is generally C-shaped in cross-section. Such a connector would form a snap-fit connection with the associated probe.
Suction devices in accordance with the present inventions may also be malleable. As illustrated in
When the exemplary suction device 204 is connected to the distal portion 114 of the probe 102 by inserting the distal portion into the slot 218 in the manner illustrated in
It should also be noted that the probes and suction devices may be respectively configured in the exemplary implantation such that the size and spacing of the electrodes 108 corresponds to the size and spacing of the suction pods 210. For example, the probe 102 and suction device 204 are also respectively configured such that the gaps between the electrodes 108 will be aligned with the center of the suction pods 210 when the distal portion 114 is secured to the suction device in the manner illustrated in
As illustrated for example in
Turning to
In addition to securing the distal portion of the probes to a tissue surface, the suction system 200 is also used to draw the cooling fluid out of the patient after it has passed through the probe. Referring first to
As noted above with reference to
Turning to the exemplary probe 102b
In those instances where a wettable fluid retention element such as the wettable fluid retention element 154 illustrated in
The specific size and shape of the suction device 204 will, of course, depend on the intended application, as will the choice of materials. Although the present inventions are not limited to any particular sizes, shapes or materials, one exemplary implementation that is especially well suited for cardiac treatment and use with the above-described surgical probes 102 and 102a is described hereafter. The suction device 204 is formed, preferably by molding, from a soft, flexible biocompatible material such as silicone rubber or urethane that is capable of withstanding temperatures up to 120° C. without melting or burning. When molded, the suction device 204 will be an integrally formed (i.e. one piece) structure, although some or all of the connector 216 may be added after molding depending on the type of connector employed. The overall length of the suction device 204, not including the connector 216, will be slightly longer than the shaft distal portion 114 (or 114a-114c), e.g. about 10 cm in an exemplary implementation where the distal portion is about 9 cm. The exemplary suction ports 210 are generally circular in shape when viewed from the bottom (
V. Electrodes, Temperature Sensing And Power Control
In each of the illustrated embodiments, a plurality of spaced electrodes adapted to transmit RF energy are employed. However, operative elements such as lumens for chemical ablation, laser arrays, ultrasonic transducers, microwave electrodes, ohmically heated hot wires, single elongate flexible electrodes and the like may be substituted for the spaced electrodes.
Although the present inventions are not limited to any particular number, the exemplary probes 102-102c each include seven spaced electrodes 108. The spaced electrodes 108 are preferably in the form of wound, spiral closed coils. The coils are made of electrically conducting material, like copper alloy, platinum, or stainless steel, or compositions such as drawn-filled tubing (e.g. a copper core with a platinum jacket). The electrically conducting material of the coils can be further coated with platinum-iridium or gold to improve its conduction properties and biocompatibility. Preferred coil electrodes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,797,905 and 6,245,068.
Alternatively, the electrodes 108 may be in the form of solid rings of conductive material, like platinum, or can comprise a conductive material, like platinum-iridium or gold, coated upon the device using conventional coating techniques or an ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) process. For better adherence, an undercoating of nickel, silver or titanium can be applied. The electrodes can also be in the form of helical ribbons. The electrodes can also be formed with a conductive ink compound that is pad printed onto a non-conductive tubular body. A preferred conductive ink compound is a silver-based flexible adhesive conductive ink (polyurethane binder), however other metal-based adhesive conductive inks such as platinum-based, gold-based, copper-based, etc., may also be used to form electrodes. Such inks are more flexible than epoxy-based inks. Open coil electrodes may also be employed.
The exemplary flexible electrodes 108 are preferably about 4 mm to about 20 mm in length. In the preferred embodiments, the electrodes are 12.5 mm in length with 1 mm to 3 mm spacing, which will result in an energy transmission region that is about 1 cm to about 14 cm in length and the creation of continuous lesion patterns in tissue when coagulation energy is applied simultaneously to adjacent electrodes. For rigid electrodes, the length of the each electrode can vary from about 2 mm to about 10 mm. Using multiple rigid electrodes longer than about 10 mm each adversely effects the overall flexibility of the device, while electrodes having lengths of less than about 2 mm do not consistently form the desired continuous lesion patterns.
With respect to operation, the exemplary electrodes 108 may be operated in a uni-polar mode, in which the soft tissue coagulation energy emitted by the electrodes is returned through an indifferent patch electrode (not shown) externally attached to the skin of the patient. Alternatively, the electrodes may be operated in a bi-polar mode, in which energy emitted by one or more electrodes is returned through other electrodes. Still another alternative is to supply power in the combined bi-polar/uni-polar mode described in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/368,108, which is entitled “Power Supply And Control Apparatus And Electrophysiology Systems For Use With Same.” The amount of power required to coagulate tissue ranges from 5 to 150 w and depends on parameters such as set temperature and the flow rate of the fluid.
As illustrated for example in
In the exemplary embodiment, the temperature sensors 154 are preferably located within a linear channel 166 (
The power supply and control system 300 in the exemplary implementation illustrated in
The exemplary ESU 302 illustrated is operable in a bipolar mode, where tissue coagulation energy emitted by one of the electrodes 108 is returned through one of the other electrodes, and a unipolar mode, where the tissue coagulation energy emitted by the electrodes 108 is returned through one or more indifferent electrodes 308 that are externally attached to the skin of the patient with a patch, or one or more electrodes (not shown) that are positioned in the blood pool, and a cable 310. The exemplary ESU 302 is also configured to individually power and control each electrode 108. Suitable temperature sensors and RF power supply and control devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,456,682, 5,582,609 and 5,755,715.
Although the present inventions have been described in terms of the preferred embodiments above, numerous modifications and/or additions to the above-described preferred embodiments would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
By way of example, but not limitation, the exemplary surgical probe 102d illustrated in
During a lesion formation procedure that involves some or all of the electrodes 108 in the both the first and second sets of seven electrodes, the ESU connector 306 may be connected to the PC boards 160a and 160b one at a time. For example, the connector 306 may be initially connected to the PC board 160a. After the distal portion 114d has been positioned, the suction force has been applied to the suction device 204b, and the flow of cooling fluid initiated, some or all of the electrodes 108 in the first set of seven may be used to form a lesion. Next, and in many instances without moving the distal portion 114d or discontinuing the application of suction force, the connector 306 may be connected to the PC board 160b so that lesions can be formed with some or all of the electrodes 108 in the second set of seven.
It is intended that the scope of the present inventions extend to all such modifications and/or additions and that the scope of the present inventions is limited solely by the claims set forth below. Additionally, the scope of the inventions includes any combination of the elements from the various species and embodiments disclosed in the specification that are not already described.
Claims
1. A suction device for use with an electrophysiology device, the electrophysiology device including a shaft carrying an operative element and defining an internal fluid lumen and a fluid outlet, the suction device comprising:
- a main body, a suction line extending through the main body;
- at least one suction pod, a suction region being defined within the at least one suction pod and being connected to the suction line through a suction aperture formed through the at least one suction pod; and
- a connector configured to removably secure the shaft of the electrophysiology device to the suction device such that the shaft extends through the suction region and the fluid outlet defined by the shaft is within the suction region.
2. A suction device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one suction pod comprises a plurality of suction pods, a suction region being defined within each suction pod and being connected to the suction line through a suction aperture, the shaft extending through a plurality of suction regions.
3. A suction device as claimed in claim 1, the suction line being configured to be connected to a suction source.
4. A suction device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one suction pod comprises a flexible suction pod.
5. A suction device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connector comprises a slot.
6. A suction device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one suction pod comprises a plurality of suction pods, each suction pod defining a respective suction region connected to the suction line through a suction aperture, and the connector is configured to removably secure the shaft of an electrophysiology device to the suction device such that the shaft extends through a plurality of suction regions with each of a plurality of fluid outlets defined by the shaft located within a respective suction region.
7. A suction device for use with an electrophysiology device, the electrophysiology device including a shaft carrying an operative element, the suction device comprising:
- a main body, a suction line extending through the main body;
- at least one suction pod defining a bottom surface, at least one suction region being defined within the at least one suction pod and being connected to the suction line through a suction aperture formed through the at least one suction pod; and
- a connector configured to removably secure the shaft of the electrophysiology device to the suction device such that a portion of the shaft extends through the at least one suction region and below the bottom surface of the suction pod.
8. A suction device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one suction pod comprises a plurality of suction pods, a suction region being defined within each suction pod and being connected to the suction line through a suction aperture, the shaft extending through a plurality of suction regions.
9. A suction device as claimed in claim 7, the suction line being configured to be connected to a suction source.
10. A suction device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one suction pod comprises a flexible suction pod.
11. A suction device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the connector comprises a slot.
12. A suction device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the connector is configured to removably secure the shaft to the suction device such that the portion of the shaft extends about 0.5 mm below the bottom surface of the suction pod.
13. A suction device for use with an electrophysiology device, the electrophysiology device including a shaft carrying at least one operative element, the suction device comprising:
- a main body, a suction line extending through the main body;
- two longitudinally spaced suction pods, a suction region being defined within each suction pod and being connected to the suction line through respective suction apertures defined by respective suction pods; and
- a connector configured to removably secure the shaft of the electrophysiology device to the suction device such that the shaft extends through the suction regions, and a majority of the operative element carried by the shaft is between the suction regions.
14. A suction device as claimed in claim 13, the suction line being configured to be connected to a suction source.
15. A suction device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the suction pods comprise flexible suction pods.
16. A suction device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the connector comprises a slot.
17. A suction device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the connector is configured to removably secure a shaft of an electrophysiology device to the suction device such that the shaft extends through the suction regions, and respective portions of the shaft located between longitudinally spaced operative elements carried on the shaft are aligned within respective suction regions defined by the suction pods.
18. A system, comprising:
- an electrophysiology device including a support structure carrying at least one operative element and defining an internal fluid lumen and a fluid outlet; and
- a suction device including a main body, a suction line extending through the main body, at least one suction pod, a suction region being defined within the at least one suction pod and being connected to the suction line through a suction aperture formed through the at least one suction pod, and a connector that removably secures the support structure to the suction device;
- wherein the electrophysiology device and suction device are respectively configured such that the support structure extends through the suction region, and the fluid outlet defined by the support structure is within the suction region.
19. A system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the electrophysiology device defines a distal end, the connector comprises a slot defining a distal end, and the electrophysiology device and suction device are respectively configured such that the fluid outlet is within the suction region when the distal end of the electrophysiology device is adjacent to the distal end of the slot.
20. A system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the at least one suction pod comprises a plurality of suction pods, a suction region being defined within each suction pod, the support structure extending through a plurality of suction regions.
21. A system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the suction line is configured to be connected to a suction source.
22. A system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the suction device comprises a flexible suction device.
23. A system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the support structure of the electrophysiology device includes a plurality of fluid outlets, the at least one suction pod comprises a plurality of suction pods, each suction pod defining a respective suction region within a suction pod, and the electrophysiology device and suction device are respectively configured such that the support structure extends through a plurality of suction regions and each fluid outlet is within a respective suction region when the electrophysiology device is connected to the suction device.
24. A system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the at least one operative element comprises a plurality of spaced electrodes.
25. A system, comprising:
- an electrophysiology device including a support structure and at least one operative element carried on the support structure; and
- a suction device including a main body, a suction line extending through the main body, at least one suction pod defining a bottom surface, a suction region being defined within the at least one suction pod, and a connector that removably secures the support structure of the electrophysiology device to the suction device; wherein the electrophysiology device and suction device are respectively configured such that the support structure extends through the suction region, and a portion of the electrophysiology device within the suction region extends below the bottom surface of the suction pod when the electrophysiology device is connected to the suction device.
26. A system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the electrophysiology device and connector are configured such that the portion of the electrophysiology device extends about 0.5 mm below the bottom surface of the suction pod when the electrophysiology device is connected to the suction device.
27. A system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the at least one suction pod comprises a plurality of suction pods, a suction region being defined within each suction pod, the support structure extending through a plurality of suction regions.
28. A system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the suction line is configured to be connected to a suction source.
29. A system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the suction devices comprises a flexible suction device.
30. A system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the at least one operative element comprises a plurality of spaced electrodes.
31. A system, comprising:
- an electrophysiology device including a support structure and at least one operative element carried on the support structure; and
- a suction device including a main body, a suction line extending through the main body, two longitudinally spaced suction pods, a suction region being defined within each suction pod and being connected to the suction line through a suction aperture defined by a suction pod, and a connector configured to removably secure the electrophysiology device to the suction device;
- wherein the electrophysiology device and suction device are respectively configured such that the support structure extends through the suction regions, and a majority of the operative element is between the suction regions of respective suction pods when the electrophysiology device is connected to the suction device.
32. A system as claimed in claim 31, the suction line being configured to be connected to a suction source.
33. A system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the suction device comprises a flexible suction device.
34. A system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the support structure of the electrophysiology device includes a plurality of longitudinally spaced operative elements-and the electrophysiology device and suction device are respectively configured such that respective portions of the support body between the longitudinally spaced operative elements are aligned with suction regions defined by the suction pods when the electrophysiology device is connected to the suction device.
35. A system as claimed in claim 31, wherein the plurality of longitudinally spaced operative elements comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced electrodes.
36. A system as claimed in claim 31, further comprising: a suction source adapted to be operably connected to the suction device.
37. A method of operating an electrophysiology device, the electrophysiology device including a support structure carrying at least one operative element, and defining an internal fluid lumen and a least one fluid outlet, the method comprising the steps of:
- securing a portion of the support structure to tissue with a suction device such that the support structure extends through a suction region of the suction device;
- supplying cooling fluid through the internal fluid lumen of the support structure; and
- drawing fluid from the at least one fluid outlet of the support structure and into the suction device.
38. A method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising the step of removably securing the suction device to the electrophysiology device by creating an interference fit between the suction device and the electrophysiology device.
39. A method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising the step of: performing at least one of a diagnostic and a therapeutic procedure after the support structure is secured to tissue with the suction device.
40. A method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the support structure of the electrophysiology device includes a plurality of fluid outlets; and the step of drawing fluid comprises drawing fluid from each fluid outlet of the plurality of fluid outlets into the suction device.
41. A method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising the step of: removing the fluid drawn into the suction device from a patient.
42. A method of operating an electrophysiology device, the electrophysiology device including a support structure, at least one operative element carried on the support structure, a fluid lumen and a fluid outlet, the method comprising the steps of:
- securing a portion of the support structure to tissue with a suction device;
- supplying cooling fluid to the fluid lumen;
- drawing fluid from the fluid outlet into the suction device; and
- vaporizing the fluid.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Feb 19, 2004
Date of Patent: May 13, 2008
Patent Publication Number: 20050187544
Assignee: Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. (Maple Grove, MN)
Inventors: David K. Swanson (Campbell, CA), Huy D. Phan (San Jose, CA)
Primary Examiner: Henry M. Johnson, III
Attorney: Vista IP Law Group, LLP
Application Number: 10/784,316
International Classification: A61B 18/18 (20060101); A61B 5/04 (20060101);