Surgical covering material
A surgical covering material formed by extruding a sheet, either by a blown film or a cast film process. The upper exposed layer of the material is made by using a foaming agent to create elongated depressions that are surrounded by raised areas. The alternating raised and depressed areas provide the material with a coefficient of friction that compares well to standard drape materials that include a non-woven layer. The raised and depressed areas also provide the material with hydrophilic and non-glare properties that make is a highly effective drape or covering material for use in making mayo stand covers, back table covers and patient drapes. The size and shape of the depressions may be varied to create materials of different toughness or tearability, and differing materials may be combined to form customized drapes with the ability to gain access or make pathways through the drape.
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The present invention relates to a surgical covering of the kind used to make, for example, mayo stand covers, back table covers and surgical drapes.
For years, surgical covers, including mayo stand covers, back table covers and surgical drapes have been made of a laminated sheet including a nonwoven fabric adhered to a plastic film. For example, surgical drapes such as those sold by 3M (its Steri-Drape 9000) consist of a laminate of polypropylene fibers and a polyethylene film. Similar drapes or coverings are sold by Amcor Ltd and by Pliant Corp. Nonwoven materials have been the preferred surface for surgical covers and drapes because of its frictional properties (i.e., instruments do not readily slip on nonwoven surfaces) and they have the benefit of being tough, non-glaring and hydrophilic.
Such laminates are relatively expensive to manufacture because of the additional cost of the nonwoven layer, and because there is an assembly step required by which the nonwoven must be connected to a film carrier layer. In addition, in some cases, fibers from the nonwoven layer (i.e., lint) may find their way into open wounds and may thereby adversely impact the sterility of the operating room environment. Finally, composites having a nonwoven upper layer are not easily ripped or opened up, and thus restrict a surgeon's ability to access areas of a patient's body in certain situations.
At least one manufacturer (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,952) has attempted to make a surgical cover from a film by embossing the film after it has been extruded. While this approach does have the benefit of eliminating the nonwoven layer, this solution is also expensive to manufacture because of the separate embossing step.
In some surgical drape applications, it is beneficial to allow the drape to be ripped from the edge or opened up to allow a surgeon to access an area of a patient previously covered. Nonwoven materials are generally quite tough and are not easily ripped or opened.
Thus, there is a need for a surgical cover made from cast or blown film that results in a sheet having a textured, hydrophilic exposed surface that is non-glaring and that has the beneficial features of a nonwoven surface with respect to its frictional properties, but without the adverse aspects of a non-woven layer, such as its additional cost, resistance to tearing, and its lint-forming characteristics. The surgical cover described below has these features and advantages.
These and other features, aspects, objects, and advantages of the inventions described and claimed herein will become better understood upon consideration of the following detailed description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and that the embodiments are sometimes illustrated by graphic symbols, phantom lines, diagrammatic representations and fragmentary views. In certain instances, details which are not necessary for an understanding of the inventions described and claimed herein or which render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the inventions described herein are not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONIn the
The two different embodiments shown in
In addition, and significant for purposes of its use as a surgical drape, the
The depressions and adjacent raised portions are the result of the inclusion of a foaming agent in the feedstock of the plastic that is used in the process of extruding the sheet, and the depressions are the result of the stretching and bursting of bubbles formed by the foaming agent as the sheet leaves the extrusion die. The coefficient of friction (COF) provided by the use of the previously mentioned foaming agent gives results in terms of frictional properties that compare well to standard nonwoven drapes, as shown in the following table as measured by ASTM D-1894 (again, the particular results achieved will vary depending upon the particular materials and extrusion speed used to make the material):
The depressions and adjacent raised portions also contribute to another beneficial property of the claimed invention, namely its hydrophilic property. While the particular materials used in the preferred embodiments do not necessarily absorb moisture, the surface texture of the material is believed to disturb the interfacial forces of liquid droplets which contact the surface of the material, thereby breaking the droplets up into smaller droplets which tend to wet out on the material's surface. Moreover, the smaller liquid droplets tend to “stick” within the depressions on surface of the material, such that flow of the smaller liquid droplets is inhibited. For example, the two preferred embodiments disclosed herein can retain water droplets with a diameter on the order of 1/16″-⅛″, even when oriented in a vertical position. Such a property is desirable for surgical covering material to prevent moisture from contacting floor surfaces, thereby rendering the floor surfaces slippery, during surgery.
The surface depressions and adjacent raised portions also contribute to the non-glare characteristic of the claimed inventions. The surface roughness of the material tends to disperse light to reduce luminance and glare, thereby mitigating eye strain and fatigue during surgery. The textured surface of the claimed invention can be characterized as satin-like.
The
In both the examples of
The thicknesses and the exact types of plastics used to form the various layers can vary significantly. For example, LDPE, LLDPE, PP, EVA and EMA are all materials that foam well and could be used to make materials with appropriate coefficients of friction and appropriate tear resistance, depending upon the particular requirements specified by a customer or other designer.
The embodiment of
Indeed, for certain specific kinds of surgeries, a combination of a tougher cover, such as the
The present invention has been described by reference to examples, which are presently considered to be the most practical and best embodiments. However, it is important to understand that the invention is not limited to the disclosed description or to the particular examples shown and described, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications, improvements and equivalent arrangements that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A surgical covering comprising: a sheet formed from a process selected from the group consisting of a blown film and a cast film process, the sheet having a plurality of layers, an outer exposed textured layer having a surface texture defined by laterally elongated depressions that are oval-like in shape and laterally elongated raised portions, at least one of the other layers of said plurality of layers being substantially solid and without through openings, and wherein the depressions are the result of the stretching and bursting of bubbles formed by said foaming agent as the plurality of layers leave an extrusion die.
2. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the depressions have lengths of between about 0.02 inches up and about 0.2 inches.
3. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 2 where the elongated oval-like depressions have a length to width ratio of about 5:1.
4. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the outer exposed textured layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of linear low density polyethylene and low density polyethylene.
5. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 where in the outer exposed textured layer has a kinetic coefficient of friction against metal of at least about 0.36.
6. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 where in the outer exposed textured layer has a static coefficient of friction against metal of at least about 0.39.
7. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the outer exposed textured layer has a kinetic coefficient of friction, using the covering itself, of at least about 0.42.
8. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 where in the outer exposed textured layer has a static coefficient of friction, using the covering itself, of at least about 0.49.
9. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the overall thickness of the covering is between about 1 mil and about 4 mils, and the thickness of the outer exposed textured layer is between about 0.5 mils and about 2.0 mils.
10. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the depressions have lengths of up to about 0.5 inches.
11. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the outer exposed textured layer, when oriented in a vertical position, retains water droplets having a diameter of greater than approximately 1/16″.
12. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the outer exposed textured, when oriented in a vertical position, retains water droplets having a diameter of greater than approximately 1/32″.
13. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the outer exposed textured layer is non-glare.
14. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the outer exposed textured layer has a satin-like texture.
15. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the covering is readily tearable by hand without the use of tools in the direction of the length of the elongated oval-like depressions.
16. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 1 wherein the covering is readily tearable by hand without the use of tools or the use of excessive force in the direction of the length of the elongated oval-like depressions.
17. A surgical covering comprising:
- a sheet with a first layer defining a plane, the first layer having an outer exposed textured surface defined by oval-like depressions elongated in the direction of the plane of the first layer and raised portions, and
- a core layer, and
- a third layer on a side of the core opposite the first layer, the core and the third layer being solid layers,
- the core and third layers being co-extruded together with the first layer to form a single surgical covering, and the first layer being formed by use of a blowing agent forming bubbles that pop to create said depressions and said raised portions.
18. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 17 wherein at least one opening formed in said sheet is covered by a patch sealed to said sheet, said patch being readily tearable by hand to form a passageway through the at least one opening in the sheet of the surgical covering.
19. A surgical covering in accordance with claim 18 wherein material comprising the sheet is substantially more difficult to tear than the material comprising the patch.
20. A surgical covering comprising:
- a sheet having at least two layers being co-extruded to form a single surgical covering;
- the sheet having an outer exposed textured surface defined by a plurality of elongated oval-like depressions elongated in the direction of a plane defined by a first of said at least two layers and raised portions between the plurality of oval-like depressions, and
- the outer exposed textured surface being capable of retaining liquid droplets having a diameter of greater than approximately 1/32″, when the sheet is oriented in a vertical position;
- the outer exposed textured surface having a kinetic coefficient of friction against metal of at least about 0.36; and,
- the outer exposed textured surface being formed by the inclusion of a foaming agent in the extrusion process, and said foaming agent creating bubbles that pop to form said depressions and said raised portions.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 21, 2006
Date of Patent: Dec 28, 2010
Patent Publication Number: 20080149112
Assignee: PPC Industries, Inc. (Pleasant Prairie, WI)
Inventor: Jeffrey S. Levernier (Antioch, IL)
Primary Examiner: Patricia M Bianco
Assistant Examiner: Ophelia Hawthorne
Attorney: Baker & McKenzie LLP
Application Number: 11/643,590
International Classification: A61B 19/08 (20060101);