Nucleic acid delivery system comprising conjugates of PEI and hyaluronic acid
The present invention relates to a delivery system for nucleic acid using a cationic polymer conjugate, and more specifically relates to a delivery system for nucleic acid comprising a cationic polymer conjugate prepared by conjugating hyaluronic acid or its derivative and polyethyleneimine, and a composition of delivering a nucleic acid into mammalian cell comprising a complex of the nucleic acid and a cationic polymer conjugate with electrostatic binding.
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The present application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean patent application No. 2007-0080276 filed in the Korea Intellectual Property Office on Aug. 9, 2007, the entire content of which is incorporated hereinto by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a delivery system of nucleic acid comprising a cationic polymer conjugate prepared from hyaluronic acid or its derivative and polyethyleneimine, and more specifically, a composition for delivering a nucleic acid into mammalian cell comprising a complex of a cationic polymer conjugate prepared from hyaluronic acid or its derivative and polyethyleneimine, and nucleic acid bound to the cationic polymer conjugate through an electrostatic interaction.
(b) Description of the Related Art
siRNA, antisense oligonucleic acids, plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid, and etc. are recently very important in the medicinal industrial fields as a nucleic acid drug. To develop the nucleic acid as a medicine, the most important problem is efficient delivery of the nucleic acid into cell or tissue. To deliver the nucleic acid into cell, viral vector or non-viral vectors, such as a polymer and nanoparticle, have been researched. The viral vector is advantageous in higher efficiency of the gene delivery than non-viral vector. However, the viral vector has a problem of safety in use, and thus has very limiting range for being used for human.
Non-viral vector has been developed as an alternative for viral vector. Cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI) forms colloidal particle with nucleic acid having negative charge, and has a pH buffering capacity in lysosome. Thus, it has been reported that PEI transfers plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid into various cells [Godbey et al., J. Controlled Release 60 (1999) 149-160]. However, there are many researches to solve the problems of the gene transfer efficiency into cell and cytotoxicity. Gosselin et al. reported that crosslinked PEI having low molecular was used for gene transfer [M. A. Gosselin M. A. et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 12 (2001) 989-994]. The PEI having low molecular weight shows low cytotoxicity, but lower gene expression efficiency than PEI 25K.
To reduce the cytotoxicity of PEI, PEI has been modified with dextran sulfate, human serum albumin, polyethylene glycol and etc., but all modified PEI show lower gene delivery efficiency than unmodified PEI. According to Erbacher et al., when a complex of nucleotide and the modified PEI with polyethylene glycol is administered to in vivo, spatial stability effect of “brush” layer, caused by the polyethylene glycol part on complex surface, increases circulation time of nucleotide in blood flow, but also lower delivering efficiency than unmodified PEI [Erbacher P. et al., J. Gene. Med. 1 (1999) 210-222].
Accordingly, the technology being capable of efficiently delivering oligonucleic acids such as siRNA and an antisense oligonucleic acid with low cytotoxicity needs in the field.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONWhen an oligonucleic acid includes 200 base pairs or less, it shows lower negative charge than that of plasmid DNA. The efficiency of system of delivering plasmid DNA into cell cannot be applied for delivering oligonucleic acid. The present inventors developed that in order to efficiently deliver the oligonucleic acid having 200 base pairs or less such as siRNA and antisense oligonucleic acid, the conjugate of cationic polymer (PEI) and hyaluronic acid increases the delivering efficiency of the oligonucleic acids such as siRNA and antisense oligonucleic acid in various cell lines, and also reduces the cytotoxicity notably.
As the present inventors do every efforts to solve the unresolved problems of the prior art, they found that when the conjugate of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI is used as a delivery system for a nucleic acid into mammalian cell, the cationic polymer conjugate increases the delivery efficiency of the nucleic acid of interest into the mammalian cell with low cytotoxicity.
Accordingly, the object of present invention is to provide a cationic polymer conjugate of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI with high efficiency of delivering nucleic acid of interest into mammalian cell with the low cytotoxicity, and a composition for delivering the nucleic acid into a mammalian cell using this conjugate.
The other object of the present invention is to provide a method of delivering a nucleic acid into a mammalian cell by using the cationic polymer conjugate including hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, because the method of delivering a nucleic acid by using the cationic polymer conjugate increases the delivery efficiency of the nucleic acid of interest into the mammalian cell with low cytotoxicity, it can be used for the technical field of delivering the oligonucleic acid.
For more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
These and other objects of the invention will be more fully understood from the following description of the invention, the referenced drawings attached hereto and the claims appended hereto.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a composition for delivering the nucleic acids into mammalian cell comprising cationic polymer conjugate prepared by conjugation (formation of chemical bond) of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI.
Specifically, the present invention provides a cationic polymer conjugate prepared by conjugation of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI, or a conjugate obtained by reacting hyaluronic acid and a compound having two or more carboxylic groups and then conjugating the hyaluronic acid derivative and PEI. The hyaluronic acid derivative is more preferably provided, because it increases the introduction rate of PEI with minimum chemical modification. The compound having two or more carboxyl groups, for examples, includes glutamic acid, gamma-carboxyl glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and glutathione, etc. but not limited thereto.
The composition of the present invention increases the delivery efficiency of various nucleic acids of interest such as siRNA, an antisense nucleic acid and the like into the mammalian cell by using cationic polymer conjugate as a carrier. The cationic polymer conjugate can form a complex with the nucleic acids by only mixing because of the electrostatic interaction between the positive charge of cationic polymer conjugate and the negative charge of nucleic acid.
In the composition for delivering the nucleic acid into mammalian cell, the hyaluronic acid has a molecular weight of 0.5 to 1,000 kD, and more preferably 10 to 900 kD.
In the composition, the PEI has a molecular weight of 0.8 to 250 kD and more preferably 1 to 80 kD.
In the composition, the mixing ratio of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI contained in the cationic polymer conjugate can be not limited, as long as the cationic polymer conjugate can form a complex sufficiently by binding to the nucleic acid. Preferably, on the basis of 100 wt % of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI, the amount of hyaluronic acid or its derivative is 1.5-50 wt % and the amount of PEI 50-98.5 wt %.
The crosslinking agent for the conjugation includes N-(2-dimethyl aminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodidimide) (EDC), 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide (CMC), dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIC), N-ethyl-3-phenylisoxazolium-3′-sulfonate (Woodward's reagent K), N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and the like. Preferably, the conjugation may be performed by forming amide bond by conjugating —COOH group of hyaluronic acid and —NH2 of polyethyleneimine using EDC, or carbamate bond by conjugating —OH group of hyaluronic acid and —NH2 of polyethyleneimine using CDI.
In another embodiment, the cationic polymer conjugate is prepared by conjugating hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI using a crosslinking agent.
The crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of N-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodidimide) (EDC), 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholino ethyl) carbodiimide (CMC), dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIC), N-ethyl-3-phenylisoxazolium-3′-sulfonate (Woodward's reagent K), and N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole, but not limited thereto.
Preferably, the crosslinking agent is EDC and further includes in combination with N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS), 1-hydroxybentriazolemonohydrate (HOBt), or N-Hydroxysuccinimide.
In the conjugation reaction, NaCl is further added at a suitable amount, for example 10 mM to 2 M. NaCl. NaCl helps the conjugation reaction to be performed effectively by controlling electrostatic binding between hyaluronic acid and PEI.
In the conjugation reaction, 1.5˜50 weight ratio of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and 50-98.5 weight ratio of PEI are conjugated to achieve the maximum efficiency of delivering the nucleic acid into cell.
As shown in reaction scheme 1, a branch-type polyethyleneimine (bPEI) is conjugated with hyaluronic acid by using EDC.
In reaction scheme 1, x ranges 25-2200, and y ranges 25-2200.
The polymerization reaction is preformed by conjugating PEI to hyaluronic acid in a form of comb-type.
Preferably, the conjugate of hyaluronic acid and PEI is prepared by modifying hyaluronic acid with the compound having two or more carboxyl groups and then conjugating the modified hyaluronic acid and PEI. The hyaluronic acid derivative is more preferable, because it increases the introduction rate of PEI with minimizing the chemical modification of hyaluronic acid. The compound having two or more carboxyl groups includes glutamic acid, gamma-carboxyl glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and glutathione but not limited thereto.
Reaction scheme 2 shows a schematic reaction for synthesizing HA-Asp-PEI 800 by forming branch-type hyaluronic acid derivative by reacting aspartic acid to HA, and then conjugating it with PEI having 800 KD.
In reaction scheme, x is 25-2200, and y is 25-2200 preferably.
The mammalian cell can be any mammalian cell, as long as the cell can be introduced by siRNA or antisense nucleic acid of interest, and preferably the mammalian cell is a cancer cell. The examples of cancer cells include human lung cancer cell line (A549 cell), human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa cell), cervical cancer cell line (Caski cell), mouse melanoma cell (B16F1 cell), human liver cancer cell (Hep3B cell), and human Testicular cancer cell (LNCap cell), but not limited thereto.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a composition for delivering a nucleic acid into a mammalian cell comprising a complex where the nucleic acid is bonded to a conjugate obtained by conjugating hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI through electrostatic binding.
In addition, another embodiment provides a method of preparing a complex for delivering a nucleic acid into a mammalian cell comprising forming a complex by binding the cationic polymer conjugate and the nucleic acid through electrostatic binding.
PEI has a problem for practical application because it has relatively high delivering efficiency and high cytotoxicity. By binding hyaluronic acid with high biocompatibility to PEI, the conjugate can strengthen the delivering capacity of PEI with positive charge and biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid. That is, the cationic polymer conjugate obtained by conjugating hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI shows lower cytotoxicity than PEI and other conventional systems for delivering nucleic acid medicines. In addition, the cationic polymer conjugate shows high efficiency of delivering nucleic acid medicine including siRNA.
In the composition, the mixing ratio of the cationic polymer conjugate and the nucleic acid can be not limited, as long as the cationic polymer conjugate can form a complex sufficiently by binding the nucleic acid. Preferably, the mixing weight ratio is 1:0.1 to 1:100.
In the composition for delivering the nucleic acid into mammalian cell, the nucleic acids can be any one, for examples, siRNA, antisense nucleic acid, plasmid DNA, and etc., as long as they can be delivered into a cell. Preferably, the examples of nucleic acid include siRNA, antisense nucleic acid, or nucleic acid aptamer of 5 to 200 base pairs length. In the case that the oligonucleic acid has a size of 200 base pairs or less, it has smaller and lower negative charge than plasmid DNA, and cannot be applied to the delivery system of plasmid DNA. The delivery composition of the present invention has higher efficiency of delivering the nucleic acid than the conventional delivery system for the nucleic acid medicine, which is proved by the experiment as appended. The delivery system for the nucleic acids having 5 to 200 bp length such as siRNA and antisense nucleic acid are provided.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of delivering a nucleic acid comprising formation of the complex by only mixing the cationic polymer conjugate and the nucleic acid to be delivered and administration of the complex to mammalian cell.
In the administration step of delivery, the complex with a positive charge enters into cell through endocytosis by the attraction with the cellular membrane, which is negative charge. In other words, because the cationic polymer conjugate itself functions as a carrier like liposome, the complex can enter into the mammalian cell through incubation with the complex.
In the step of formation of the complex, for example, a mixture of the oligonucleic acids such as siRNA and antisense RNA and the cationic polymer conjugate are incubated at a room temperature for 20 minutes to form the complex. The complex including the cationic polymer conjugate and the nucleic acid can be administered into all mammalian cells including a cancer cell.
To measure the capacity of the complex to deliver the nucleic acid of interest into a cell, the complexes including fluorescence-labeled dsRNA Block-IT™ (Invitrogen, USA) and various carriers are delivered into the cell, and then observed by fluorescent microscope. The cytotoxicity of complex is tested with MTT assay using tetrazolium 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and the evaluation of cell damage induced by the complex is preformed with MTT assay using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit.
To test an anti-cancer activity of HA-PEI/siRNA complex on an animal model, the tumor on mouse subcutaneous tissue is induced by direct injection of B16F1 melanoma and sequential administration of HA-PEI/siRNA complex and then the change in tumor size is observed.
The method of delivering the oligonucleic acid using the cationic polymer conjugate according to the present invention increases the efficiency of delivering the nucleic acid, in comparison with the cationic polymers which has been used as conventional carriers. The method can be applied effectively for a treatment using oligonucleic acids such as siRNA, antisense RNA and etc.
As described above, the cationic polymer conjugate obtained by conjugation of the hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI forms a complex with nucleic acids such as siRNA, antisense nucleic acid, and etc., and improves the efficiency of delivering nucleic acid into cell with low cytotoxicity, compared to conventional carrier. Accordingly, the cationic polymer conjugate of hyaluronic acid or its derivative and PEI is a carrier of delivering nucleic acid stably and effectively into various cells, and expected to be useful for industrial applications.
The present invention is further explained in more detail with reference to the following examples. These examples, however, should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention in any manner.
Comparative Example 1 Preparation of Conventional Cationic PolymerCationic polymer, 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was dissolved in water to be adjusted to 1 mM, taken 100 ml to pour to 100 mL Pyrex volumetic glass flask and was adjusted to pH 5 with the addition of 1N NaCl. For purification, the solution was passed through syringe filter with a pore of 0.2 μm, and then stored at 4° C. for subsequent use.
Comparative Example 2 Commercially-Available Cationic Polymer LiposomeCommercially available cationic polymer liposome, LipofectAMINE 2000 (Invitrogen, USA) was purchased and used according to product's manual.
Example 1 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and then adjusted to pH 6 with 1N HCl. The resultant solution in flask was added by 0.5 mmole of N-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodidimide (EDC) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. To remove the impurities and unreacted material, the solution was dialyzed with a dialysis membrane in water. The obtained cationic polymer conjugate was stored at 4° C. for subsequent use.
Example 2 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 17 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 3 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 64 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and then adjusted to pH6 by 1N HCl. The resultant solution in flask was added by 1.0 mmole of EDC and stirred at room temperature. To remove the impurities and unreacted material, the solution was dialyzed with dialysis membrane in water. The obtained cationic polymer conjugate was stored at 4° C. for subsequent use.
Example 4 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 420 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 5 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 17 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 6 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 64 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 7 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 8 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 420 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 30 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 9 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 780 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 50 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 10 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 17 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 50 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 11 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 35 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 50 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 12 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 64 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 50 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 13 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 50 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 14 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 420 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 150 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 15 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 35D hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 150 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 16 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 64D hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 150 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 17 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 170 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 150 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 18 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 150 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 19 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 420 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 150 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 20 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 780 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 150 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 21 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 35 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 200 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 22 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 64 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 200 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 23 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 200 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 24 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 780 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 200 mg of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 25 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 35 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 500 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 26 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 64 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 500 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 27 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 500 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 28 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 420 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 500 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 29 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate25 mg of 780 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 500 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and then adjusted to pH6 by 1N HCl. EDC 2.0 mmole was added to the solution, and stirred in flask at room temperature. To remove impurities and unreacted material, the solution was dialyzed with dialysis membrane in water. The obtained cationic polymer conjugate was stored at 4° C. for subsequent use.
Example 30 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 35 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1 g of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 31 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 64 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1 g of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 32 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1 g of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3. The cationic polymer conjugate were analyzed with NMR spectrometry to show the result in
50 mg of 420 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1 g of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 29.
Example 34 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate100 mg of 780 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1.5 g of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 29.
Example 35 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate100 mg of 17 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1.5 g of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 36 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate100 mg of 35 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1.5 g of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 1.
Example 37 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate100 mg of 64 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1.5 g of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 38 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate100 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1.5 g of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 3.
Example 39 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate100 mg of 420 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1.5 g of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 29.
Example 40 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate100 mg of 780 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water, added by 1.5 g of 70 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and then adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 29.
25 mg of 235 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water in 250 mL pyrex, round-bottom flask, added by 30 mg of 2.5 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and then adjusted to pH6 by 1N HCl. The resultant solution was added by 0.5 mmole of EDC and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. To remove the impurities and unreacted material, the solution was dialyzed with dialysis membrane in water. The obtained cationic polymer conjugate was stored at 4° C. for subsequent use.
Example 41 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 234 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water in 250 mL pyrex volumetric round-bottom flask, added by 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The resultant solution was added by 0.5 mmole of N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and stirred at 37° C. for 1 hour. 500 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was dissolved in the hyaluronic acid solution, adjusted to pH6 by 1N HCl, and then stirred at 37° C. for 12 hours. To remove the impurities and unreacted material, the solution was dialyzed with dialysis membrane in water. The obtained cationic polymer conjugate was stored at 4° C. for subsequent use.
Example 42 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 234 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water in 250 mL pyrex, round-bottom flask, added by 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF). 0.5 mmole of N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was added to the solution, and stirred at 37° C. for 1 hour. 1 g of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was dissolved the hyaluronic acid solution, and adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain the cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 41.
Example 43 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 17 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water in 250 mL pyrex, round-bottom flask, added by 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF). 0.5 mmole of N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was added to the solution, and stirred at 37° C. for 1 hour. 500 mg of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was dissolved the hyaluronic acid solution, and adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain the cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 41.
Example 44 Preparation of Cationic Polymer Conjugate50 mg of 17 kD hyaluronic acid (Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., USA) was dissolved in 20 ml water in 250 mL pyrex, round-bottom flask, added by 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF). 0.5 mmole of N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was added to the solution, and stirred at 37° C. for 1 hour. 1 g of 25 kD PEI (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was dissolved the hyaluronic acid solution, and adjusted to pH 6 by 1N HCl to obtain the cationic polymer conjugate according to the substantially same method of EXAMPLE 41.
Example 45 Preparation of Cationic Polymer ConjugateThe hyaluronic acid-polyethyleneimine conjugate was prepared by conjugating amine group of PEI and carboxyl group of HA via amide bond. The weight ratios of PEI to HA were 1:2, 1:5, and 1:20. The experiment method is described for the case that the weight ratio of PEI to HA was 1:20 in detail.
20 mg of 130 kD hyaluronic acid was dissolved in 10 mL water, and added by 10 mL of 40 mg/mL 25 kD PEI. Because the precipitates formed by charge interaction between HA and PEI, NaCl was added to 250 mM to 1M of final concentration, and then adjusted to pH 6.5 by addition of 1 M HCl. EDC hydrochloride 40.4 mg and HOBt 28.5 mg were dissolved in 500 μL distilled water and 500 μL DMSO, and added to HA and PEI aqueous solution to induce the reaction. After 24 hours, the reaction was quenched by increasing pH to 7.0 with addition of 1M NaOH, dialyzed with dialysis membrane (MWCO: 10 kDa) in 250 mM NaCl aqueous solution for 2 days, and then dialyzed with decreasing the concentration of NaCl gradually. Finally, the dialysis was performed in distilled water for a day to remove the impurities.
The HA-PEI conjugate was analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following condition: Waters 1525 binary HPLC pump, Waters 2487 dual λ absorbance detector, Waters 717 plus autosampler, Ultrahydrogel 1000 column (7.8 mm×30 cm) (Milford, Mass., USA). Elution solution was a solution mixed with 34 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 20% methanol, and flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. GPC analysis result were shown in
Modification rate of ADH in HA-ADH was analyzed with 1H NMR spectrometer (DPX300, Bruker, Germany) to show the result in
To increase the density of PEI with a low molecular weight which was bonded to HA, the amine group of Aspartic acid having two carboxyl groups was bonded to the carboxyl group of HA. 20 mg of hyaluronic acid was dissolved in 10 ml, added by 38.3 mg EDC and 108.5 mg of sulfo NHS, and then adjusted to pH6.0 to activate the carboxyl group of HA for 30 minutes. Then, 2-mercaptoethanol 10 μl was added to inactivate EDC, and mixed with 5 ml solution of 66.6 mg Aspartic acid dissolved in water to begin the reaction. After 6 hours, the reaction was quenched by increasing pH to 7, and the impurities were removed by dialysis tube (M.W.C.O. 3000) for 5 days. To calculate the modification rate, the product was analyzed with 1H NMR spectrometer according to the method of EXAMPLE 45 to show the result in
To synthesize HA-Glutathine, glutathione instead of HA-AEMA was added at the same amount of the double bond of AEMA, and treated with an excessive amount of Tris(2-Carboxyethyl) phosphine Hydrochloride (TCEP) as a reducing agent. Michael addition reaction was preformed at pH 8.5 overnight, and then the impurities were removed with PD-10 column. The synthesized HA-Glutathione was added by the same amount of PEI having a low molecular weight as the amount of glutathione and synthesized with EDC and HOB according to the method of EXAMPLE 62.
According to the method of EXAMPLE 45, the synthesized HA-Glutathione-PEI was analyzed with 1H NMR spectrometry to show the result in
siRNA/PEI-HA complex was obtained by reacting anti-PGL3-Luc siRNA (0.75 μg/L) and PEI-HA solution (2.6 μg/L) at room temperature for 15 minutes. The weight ratio of PEI-HA to siRNA ranged from 1.7 to 6.9 and the solution was added by NaCl to be 150 mM of the final concentration.
To analyze the physical properties of siRNA/PEI-HA complex, the prepared siRNA/PEI-HA complex solution was diluted with 750 μL distilled water and zeta-potential of siRNA/PEI-HA complex (weight ratio of PEI to HA was 1:5.2.) were measured with particle analyzer (Zetasizer Nano, MALVERN Instrument Co., UK). As a result, the weigh ratios of PEI-HA to siRNA increased as 1.7, 3.4, 5.2, and 6.9, the zeta-potentials of the complex were −21.5, −19.93, −17.07, and −15.33 mV, respectively, which confirmed that siRNA and PEI of PEI-HA conjugate formed core-shell structure by electric attraction. In addition, the size of siRNA/PEI-HA complex was measured by AFM (Multimode 3100, VEECO Instrument Co., NY, USA). The siRNA/PEI-HA complex solution (50 μL) was dispersed on silicone wafer and dried in air. AFM system was used in tapping mode at 8×8 μm scanning region.
A549, HeLa, B16F1, Hep3B, and LNCaP cell lines were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). Hep3B cell lines was cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagles medium (DMEM) (Gibco, USA) containing 10 w/v % of fetal bovine serum (HyClone laboratories Inc, USA) and 100 unit/ml of penicillin or 100 μg/ml of streptomycin. A549, B16F1, HeLa and LNCaP cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, USA) containing 10 w/v % of fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin.
Example 50 Evaluation of Efficiency of Delivering siRNA in A549 Cell LineBefore a day, A549 cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew in each plate uniformly to be about 60-70% o, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 500 μl/well. 50 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with 1 μl of Block-iT (20 μmol, Invitrogen, USA) which was siRNA labeled with fluorescent marker, and cationic polymer conjugate 1-50 μl of COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 and EXAMPLE 1, respectively. The solution was mixed with slow pipetting and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. The medium of cultured cell was replaced with new medium at 500 μl/well and then observed with fluorescence microscope to analyze the efficiency of delivering gene.
Before a day, HeLa cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 500 μl/well. 50 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with 1 μl of Block-iT (20 μmol, Invitrogen, USA) which was siRNA labeled with fluorescent marker, and cationic polymer conjugate 1-50 μl of COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 and EXAMPLE 3, respectively. The solution was mixed with slow pipetting and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. The medium of cultured cell was replaced with new medium at 500 μl/well and then observed with fluorescence microscope to analyze the efficiency of delivering a gene.
Before a day, B16F1 cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 500 μl/well. 50 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with 1 μl of Block-iT (20 μmol, Invitrogen, USA) which was siRNA labeled with fluorescent marker, and cationic polymer conjugate 1-50 μl of COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 and EXAMPLE 9, respectively. The solution was mixed with slow pipetting and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. The medium of cultured cell was replaced with new medium at 500 μl/well and then observed with fluorescence microscope to analyze the efficiency of delivering a gene.
Before a day, Hep3B cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 500 μl/well. 50 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with 1 μl of Block-iT (20 μmol, Invitrogen, USA) which was siRNA labeled with fluorescent marker, and cationic polymer conjugate 1-50 μl of Comparative Example 1 and Example 19, respectively. The solution was mixed with slow pipetting and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. The medium of cultured cell was replaced with new medium at 500 μl/well and then observed with fluorescence microscope to analyze the efficiency of delivering a gene.
Before a day, LNCaP cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 500 μl/well. 50 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with 1 μl of Block-iT (20 μmol, Invitrogen, USA) which was siRNA labeled with fluorescent marker, and cationic polymer conjugate 1-50 μl of COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 and EXAMPLE 25, respectively. The solution was mixed with slow pipetting and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. The medium of cultured cell was replaced with new medium at 500 μl/well and then observed with fluorescence microscope to analyze the efficiency of delivering a gene.
Before a day, Caski cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 500 μl/well. 50 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with 1 μl of Block-iT (20 μmol, Invitrogen, USA) which was siRNA labeled with fluorescent marker, and cationic polymer conjugate 1-50 μl of COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 and EXAMPLE 33, respectively. The solution was mixed with slow pipetting and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. The medium of cultured cell was replaced with new medium at 500 μl/well and then observed with fluorescence microscope to analyze the efficiency of delivering a gene.
The efficiency of PEI conjugate to deliver the nucleic acid was evaluated with FACS method.
Before a day, Hep3B cell lines were seed to 12-well plate at a concentration of 2×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 800 μl/well. 100 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with 2 μl of Block-iT (20 μmol, Invitrogen, USA) which was siRNA labeled with fluorescent marker, and cationic polymer conjugate 5 μl of COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 and Examples 11 and 37, respectively. The solution was mixed with slow pipetting and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. The medium of cultured cell was replaced with new medium at 500 μl/well and then observed with fluorescence microscope to analyze the efficiency of delivering a gene. The cultured cells were collected and washed twice with phosphate buffer. The washed cells were analyzed with BD FACS CALIBUR (BD Bioscience, USA) and then the delivery efficiency into cell was evaluated by analyzing shift of the fluorescence peak.
Before a day, A549 cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 250 μl/well. 25 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were added with dsRNA targeting to survivin and 5 μl of cationic polymer conjugates of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and Example 8, respectively.
To induce the inhibition of gene expression of Survivin gene (Gene bank accession number: NM—001168), dsRNA targeting to surviving was prepared by using siGENOME SMARTpool (Dahrmacon, Lafayette, Colo., USA). The final concentration of dsRNA targeting to surviving was adjusted to 100 nM, and mixed by pipetting, and lett at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. After 24 hours, whole RNA in cell was separated from by using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA), and performed by RT-PCT with AccuPower RT PreMix (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea). The survivin-specific primers were 5′-GGACCACCG CATCTCTACAT-3′(left) (SEQ ID NO: 1), 5′-CTTTCTCCGCAGTTTCCTCA-3(right) (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the amplified product was 347 base pairs. The expression degree of surviving gene was measured quantitatively by compensating the band density of surviving-specific PCR product with that of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
Before a day, HeLa cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 250 μl/well. Then, the experiment was carried out according to the substantially same method of Example 57.
Before a day, B16F1 cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 250 μl/well. Then, the experiment was carried out according to the substantially same method of Example 57.
Before a day, Hep3B cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 250 μl/well. Then, the experiment was carried out according to the substantially same method of Example 57.
The cytotoxicity of the cationic polymer conjugate of hyaluronic acid and PEI was evaluated as follows. The human lung cancer cell line, A549 were with no treatment (control group), only scrambled siRNA (siRNA treatment group), a complex including scrambled siRNA and cationic polymer obtained from Comparative Example 1, a complex including scrambled siRNA and commercially-available cationic polymer of Comparative Example 2, and a complex including obtained from Examples 4 and 15. The cytotoxicity was performed with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrazolium bromide). Cell lines were seed to 48-well plate at a concentration of 5×104 cells/well, cultured for 12 hours and added with a complex of siRNA and 1 μl of commercially-available cationic liposome of Comparative Example 2, a complex of siRNA and each 5 μl of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 4 and 15, and only scrambled siRNA. After 24 hours, the cell was added with MTT solution at an amount of 10% of medium amount, cultured for 4 hours, removed from the supernatant, added with 0.06N HCl and isopropanol solution and the absorbance at 570 nm was read with ELISA reader.
The complex of siRNA and cationic polymer obtained Comparative Example 1 showed a control group. On the other hand, the complexes of siRNA and cationic polymer conjugates obtained from Examples 4 and 15 had low cytotoxicity. Accordingly, the cationic polymer conjugates of Examples 4 and 15 was smaller cytotoxicity in lung cancer cell line than cationic polymer and cationic liposome of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
Example 62 Cytotoxicity Test of the Delivery System in Cervical Cancer Cell LineThe cytotoxicity of the cationic polymer conjugate of hyaluronic acid and PEI was evaluated as follows. The human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa were with no treatment (control group), only scrambled siRNA (siRNA treatment group), a complex including scrambled siRNA and cationic polymer obtained from Comparative Example 1, a complex including scrambled siRNA and commercially-available cationic polymer of Comparative Example 2, and a complex including obtained from Examples 21 and 33. The cytotoxicity was performed with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrazolium bromide). Cell lines were seed to 48-well plate at a concentration of 5×104 cells/well, cultured for 12 hours and added with a complex of siRNA and 1 μl of commercially-available cationic liposome of Comparative Example 2, a complex of siRNA and each 5 μl of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 21 and 33, and only scrambled siRNA. After 24 hours, the cell was added with MTT solution at an amount of 10% of medium amount, cultured for 4 hours, removed from the supernatant, added with 0.06N HCl and isopropanol solution, and the absorbance at 570 nm was measured with ELISA reader.
The cytotoxicity of the cationic polymer conjugate of hyaluronic acid and PEI was evaluated as follows. The melanoma cell line, B16F1 were with no treatment (control group), only scrambled siRNA (siRNA treatment group), a complex including scrambled siRNA and cationic polymer obtained from Comparative Example 1, a complex including scrambled siRNA and commercially-available cationic polymer of Comparative Example 2, and a complex including obtained from Examples 21 and 33. The cytotoxicity was performed with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrazolium bromide). Cell lines were seed to 48-well plate at a concentration of 5×104 cells/well, cultured for 12 hours and added with a complex of siRNA and 1 μl of commercially-available cationic liposome of Comparative Example 2, a complex of siRNA and each 5 μl of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 17 and 38, and only scrambled siRNA. After 24 hours, the cell was added with MTT solution at an amount of 10% of medium amount, cultured for 4 hours, removed from the supernatant, added with 0.06N HCl and isopropanol solution, and the absorbance at 570 nm was read with ELISA reader.
The cell damage of the cationic polymer conjugate of hyaluronic acid and PEI was evaluated as follows. The lung cancer cell line, A549 were with no treatment (control group), only scrambled siRNA (siRNA treatment group), a complex including scrambled siRNA and cationic polymer obtained from Comparative Example 1, a complex including scrambled siRNA and commercially-available cationic polymer of Comparative Example 2, and a complex including obtained from Examples 5 and 19 to evaluate the cell damage. The cell damage was measured with TAKARA LDH cell damage detecting kit which detected lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at high sensitivity. The cell lines were seed to 48-well plate at a concentration of 5×104 cell/well, and cultured for 12 hours, and added with a complex including 1 μl of commercially-available cationic liposome of Comparative Example 2 and siRNA, a complex including 5 μl of each cationic polymer conjugate obtained from Examples 5 and 19 and siRNA, and only siRNA. After 16 hours, the culture medium was replaced with new medium not including fetal bovine serum. The control group was added with Triton X-100 to a concentration of 3% to detect the maximum LDH activity. After culturing for more 8 hours, the tissue culture plate was centrifuged at 250×g rpm for 10 minutes, and 100 μl/well of the supernatant was taken and transferred to transparent 96-well plate, and then added with 100 μl of a mixture of solution A (diapholase/NAD+ddH2O) and solution B (INT/Na-lactate). Under no light condition, the plate was left at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the absorbance at 492 nm was read with ELISA reader.
To evaluate a cationic polymer conjugate of hyaluronic acid and PEI to deliver the antisense oligonucleic acid, an antisense oligonucleic acid targeting Bcl-2, a gene inhibiting cell apoptosis was used. The lung cancer cell line, A549 were with no treatment (control group), only Bcl-2-specific antisense oligonucleic acid (G3139), a complex including G3139 and the cationic polymer obtained from Comparative Example 1, a complex including G3139 and commercially-available cationic polymer of Comparative Example 2, and a complex including G3139 and cationic polymer conjugates obtained from Examples 11 and 34 and then measured with the expression amount of Bcl-2 transcript to the delivering extent of antisense oligonucleic acid into A549 cell.
Before a day, A549 cell lines were seed to 24-well plate at a concentration of 1×105 cells/well. When the cells grew uniformly in each plate to be about 60-70%, the culture medium in the plate were removed and then added with new medium at 250 μl/well. 25 μl of culture medium without the fetal bovine serum was poured to eppendorf tube, and were mixed by pipetting with addition of G3139 and 5 μl of cationic polymer of Comparative Example 2, and carriers of Examples 11 and 34, and left at room temperature for 20 minutes. The obtained complex was added to the 24-well plate and cultured in CO2 incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours.
After 24 hours, whole RNA in cell was separated by using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA), and performed by RT-PCT with AccuPower RT PreMix (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea) to produce cDNA. The primers specific to Bcl-2 are 5′-ATG GCG CAC GCT GGG AGA AC-3′(left) (SEQ ID NO: 3), and 5′-GCG GTA GCG GCG GGA GAA GT-3′(right) (SEQ ID NO: 4), and the amplified product was 327 base pairs. The expression degree of Bcl-2 transcript was measured quantitatively by compensating the band density of Bcl-2-specific PCR product with that of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
To evaluate the complex, in case that the ratios of HA-PEI to siRNA in the complex were various, the cell survival rate was measured with MTT assay (see
In order that the HA-PEI conjugate has delivering capacity specific to the cancer cell, siRNA/HA-PEI complex was labeled with FIT, and the delivery efficiency was compared in both B16F1 cell with overexpression of the HA receptor LYVE-1 and HEK-293 without LYVE-1. Specifically, B16F1 cell and HEK-293 cell were cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 U/mL penicillin-streptomycin enriched DMEM medium (GIBCO-BRL, NY, USA), seed to 24-well plate, respectively, and cultured at 37° C. and 5% CO2 atmosphere to be about 60-70% of cell density. Then, FITC-siRNA/HA-PEI complex was added to each well, cultured for 2 hour, fixed and then observed with confocal laser microscope to show the result in
To measure the gene silencing of siRNA by using reporter gene, Luciferase, the gene splicing of HA-PEI/Anti-PGL3-Luc siRNA complex was carried out. The cells on 24-well plate were cultured with addition of Lipofectamine/PGL3-Luc complex for 3 hours, washed, cultured with addition of HA-PEI/Anti-PGL3-Luc siRNA complex for 30 minutes and the Luciferase activity was detected with Luminometer (Lumat, LB 9501, Berthold, Germany) for 30 seconds to show the results in
To observe the receptor-specific endocytosis, as the concentration of HA in medium was various, the gene silencing effect was observed to show
To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of HA-PEI/VEGF specific siRNA complex, 1×106 of B 16F1 melanoma cancer cell were injected subcutaneously into mouse' left armpit to produce cancer model, and then short axis (a) and long axis (b) of the cancer were measured with vernier calipers to calculate volume by using formula V=ab2. The treatment with siRNA complex began, when the cancer volume was 70 mm3. HA-PEI conjugate and siRNA were mixed in 5% glucose solution at a weight ratio of 1:3 to form a complex, and was injected into the cancer for 3 days to be a concentration of 3.5 μg siRNA. The cancer size was measured every 2 or 3 days for two weeks.
Claims
1. A composition for delivering a nucleic acid with 5 to 200 base pair length into a mammalian cell which comprises a cationic polymer conjugate obtained by conjugating polyethyleneimine and hyaluronic acid,
- wherein the hyaluronic acid has a molecular weight of 10 kD to 900 kD.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethyleneimine has a molecular weight of 1 kD to 80 kD.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hyaluronic acid is bonded with a compound having two or more carboxyl groups.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the compound having two or more carboxyl groups is glutamic acid, gamma-carboxyl glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or glutathione.
5. A composition for delivering a nucleic acid into a mammalian cell, comprising a complex containing a cationic polymer conjugate obtained by conjugating polyethyleneimine and hyaluronic acid, and a nucleic acid with 5 to 200 base pairs length through electrostatic binding,
- wherein the hyaluronic acid has a molecular weight of 10 kD to 900 kD.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the nucleic acid is a small interfering RNA (siRNA).
7. The composition of claim 5, wherein the nucleic acid is an antisense nucleic acid.
8. The composition of claim 5, wherein the cationic polymer conjugate and the nucleic acid is present in a weight ratio of 1:0.01 to 1:100.
| 5591140 | January 7, 1997 | Narayanan et al. |
| 2005-176830 | July 2005 | JP |
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Type: Grant
Filed: Apr 4, 2008
Date of Patent: Nov 27, 2012
Patent Publication Number: 20100144035
Assignees: Postech Academy-Industry Foundation (Pohang), Korea University Industry and Academy Collaboration Foundation (Seoul)
Inventors: Yu-Kyoung Oh (Seoul), Hyun-Gu Kang (Pohang), Ji-Seok Kim (Pohang), Jiang Ge (Pohang), Ki-Su Kim (Pohang), Ki-Tae Park (Jeongju), Su-Eun Han (Yongin), Ga-Yong Shim (Yongin), Ii-Hwan Cho (Ansan), Sei-Kwang Hahn (Pohang)
Primary Examiner: Robert M Kelly
Attorney: Lexyoume IP Meister, PLLC.
Application Number: 12/733,061
International Classification: C08B 37/00 (20060101); C08G 63/48 (20060101); C08G 63/91 (20060101); A61K 48/00 (20060101);
