Biological fluid separation device and biological fluid separation and testing system
A biological fluid separation device that is adapted to receive a multi-component blood sample is disclosed. After collecting the blood sample, the biological fluid separation device is able to separate a plasma portion from a cellular portion. After separation, the biological fluid separation device is able to transfer the plasma portion of the blood sample to a point-of-care testing device. The biological fluid separation device of the present disclosure also provides a closed separation and transfer system that reduces the exposure of a blood sample and provides fast mixing of a blood sample with a sample stabilizer. The biological fluid separation device is engageable with a blood testing device for closed transfer of a portion of the plasma portion from the biological fluid separation device to the blood testing device. The blood testing device is adapted to receive the plasma portion to analyze the blood sample and obtain test results.
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The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/811,918, filed Apr. 15, 2013, entitled “Medical Device for Collection of a Biological Sample”, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates generally to devices, assemblies, and systems adapted for use with vascular access devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to devices, assemblies, and systems adapted for collecting biological samples for use in point-of-care testing.
2. Description of the Related Art
Blood sampling is a common health care procedure involving the withdrawal of at least a drop of blood from a patient. Blood samples are commonly taken from hospitalized, homecare, and emergency room patients either by finger stick, heel stick, or venipuncture. Blood samples may also be taken from patients by venous or arterial lines. Once collected, blood samples may be analyzed to obtain medically useful information including chemical composition, hematology, or coagulation, for example.
Blood tests determine the physiological and biochemical states of the patient, such as disease, mineral content, drug effectiveness, and organ function. Blood tests may be performed in a clinical laboratory or at the point-of-care near the patient. One example of point-of-care blood testing is the routine testing of a patient's blood glucose levels which involves the extraction of blood via a finger stick and the mechanical collection of blood into a diagnostic cartridge. Thereafter, the diagnostic cartridge analyzes the blood sample and provides the clinician a reading of the patient's blood glucose level. Other devices are available which analyze blood gas electrolyte levels, lithium levels, and ionized calcium levels. Some other point-of-care devices identify markers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE).
Despite the rapid advancement in point-of-care testing and diagnostics, blood sampling techniques have remained relatively unchanged. Blood samples are frequently drawn using hypodermic needles or vacuum tubes attached to a proximal end of a needle or a catheter assembly. In some instances, clinicians collect blood from a catheter assembly using a needle and syringe that is inserted into the catheter to withdraw blood from a patient through the inserted catheter. These procedures utilize needles and vacuum tubes as intermediate devices from which the collected blood sample is typically withdrawn prior to testing. These processes are thus device intensive, utilizing multiple devices in the process of obtaining, preparing, and testing blood samples. Each additional device increases the time and cost of the testing process.
Point-of-care testing devices allow for a blood sample to be tested without needing to send the blood sample to a lab for analysis. Thus, it is desirable to create a device that provides an easy, safe, reproducible, and accurate process with a point-of-care testing system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present disclosure provides a biological fluid separation device, such as a blood separation device, that is adapted to receive a multi-component blood sample, for example, having a cellular portion and a plasma portion. After collecting the blood sample, the blood separation device is able to separate the plasma portion from the cellular portion. After separation, the blood separation device is able to transfer the plasma portion of the blood sample to a point-of-care testing device. The blood separation device of the present disclosure also provides a closed separation system that reduces the exposure of a blood sample and provides fast mixing of a blood sample with a sample stabilizer, which could be an anticoagulant, or a substance designed to preserve a specific element within the blood such as, for example, RNA, protein analyte, or other element. The blood separation device is engageable with a blood testing device for closed transfer of a portion of the plasma portion from the blood separation device to the blood testing device. The blood testing device is adapted to receive the plasma portion to analyze the blood sample and obtain test results.
Some of the advantages of the blood separation device and the biological fluid separation and testing system of the present disclosure over prior systems are that it is a closed system which reduces blood sample exposure, it provides passive and fast mixing of the blood sample with a sample stabilizer, it facilitates separation of the blood sample without transferring the blood sample to a separate device, and it is capable of transferring pure plasma to a point-of-care testing device. The blood separation device of the present disclosure enables integrated blood collection and plasma creation in a closed system without centrifugation. The clinician may collect and separate the blood sample and then immediately transfer the plasma portion to the point-of-care testing device without further manipulation. This enables collection and transfer of plasma to the point-of-care testing device without exposure to blood. In addition, the blood separation device of the present disclosure minimizes process time by processing the blood within the blood separation device and without external machinery. Further, for tests which only require small amounts of blood, it eliminates the waste associated with blood collection and plasma separation with an evacuated tube.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a biological fluid separation cartridge, such as a blood separation cartridge, includes a housing having an inlet port and a flow channel defined within the housing in fluid communication with the inlet port, a first collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a first outlet port, and a second collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a second outlet port. The second collection chamber is isolated from the first collection chamber, and the second outlet port is spaced apart from the first outlet port.
In certain configurations, the flow channel has a spiral shape. At least a portion of the flow channel may include a sample stabilizer. In certain arrangements, the cartridge may include an inlet channel in fluid communication with the inlet port and the flow channel, with the inlet channel including a sample stabilizer. The biological fluid separation cartridge may be adapted to receive a multi-component blood sample. The multi-component blood sample may include a cellular portion and a plasma portion.
The cartridge may include a flow channel having a separation element adapted to separate the cellular portion and the plasma portion of the multi-component blood sample. The separation element may include a plurality of posts. In certain configurations, the inlet port may be adapted to receive the multi-component blood sample via connection to a blood collection device. The first collection chamber may be adapted to receive at least a portion of the plasma portion therein, and the second collection chamber may be adapted to receive at least a portion of the cellular portion. In some cases, the cellular portion is prevented from entering the first collection chamber. The first outlet port may be adapted for connection to a point-of-care testing device for closed transfer of a portion of the plasma portion from the first collection chamber to the point-of-care testing device. In other configurations, a portion of the blood separation cartridge is adapted for connection with a drive device. When the drive device is connected to the blood separation cartridge, the drive device causes flow of the plasma portion from the first collection chamber to the point-of-care testing device.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a biological fluid separation device is adapted to receive a multi-component blood sample. The blood separation device includes a separation cartridge having an inlet port and a flow channel defined within the cartridge in fluid communication with the inlet port. The flow channel contains a separation element adapted to separate the multi-component blood sample into at least a first component and a second component. A first collection chamber defined within the cartridge in fluid communication with the flow channel includes a first outlet port, and a second collection chamber defined within the cartridge in fluid communication with the flow channel includes a second outlet port, with the second collection chamber isolated from the first collection chamber.
In certain configurations, the first component is a cellular portion of the multi-component blood sample and the second component is a plasma portion of the multi-component blood sample. The separation element may include a plurality of posts. In certain embodiments, the flow channel has a spiral shape. The inlet channel may be provided in fluid communication with the inlet port and the flow channel, with the inlet channel including a sample stabilizer. In certain embodiments, the second component is a plasma portion of the multi-component blood sample.
In specific arrangements, the first collection chamber is adapted to receive at least a portion of the second component therein and the second collection chamber is adapted to receive at least a portion of the first component. The first component may be a cellular portion of the multi-component blood sample and the second component may be a plasma portion of the multi-component blood sample. In certain embodiments, the cellular portion is prevented from entering the first collection chamber. Optionally, at least a portion of the flow channel includes a sample stabilizer. The second component may be a plasma portion of the multi-component blood sample.
In certain configurations, the inlet port is adapted to receive the multi-component blood sample via connection to a blood collection device. The first outlet port may be adapted for connection to a point-of-care testing device for closed transfer of a portion of the second component of the multi-component blood sample from the first collection chamber to the point-of-care testing device. A portion of the blood separation device may be adapted for connection with a drive device. When the drive device is connected to the blood separation device, the drive device causes flow of the second component of the multi-component blood sample from the first collection chamber to the point-of-care testing device.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a biological fluid separation and testing system, such as a blood separation and testing system, for a multi-component blood sample includes a blood separation cartridge adapted to receive the multi-component blood sample. The blood separation cartridge includes a housing having an inlet port and a flow channel defined within the housing in fluid communication with the inlet port. The cartridge further includes a first collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a first outlet port, and a second collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a second outlet port. The second collection chamber is isolated from the first collection chamber, and the second outlet port is spaced apart from the first outlet port. The system further includes a blood testing device having a receiving port adapted to receive the first outlet port of the blood separation cartridge for closed transfer of a portion of a component of the multi-component blood sample from the first collection chamber to the blood testing device.
In certain configurations, the multi-component blood sample includes a first cellular portion component and a second plasma portion component. A portion of the blood separation cartridge may be adapted for connection with a drive device. When the drive device is connected to the blood separation cartridge, the drive device causes flow of the plasma portion from the first collection chamber to the blood testing device. The blood testing device may include a point-of-care testing device.
The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this disclosure, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the disclosure itself will be better understood by reference to the following descriptions of embodiments of the disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure in any manner.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the described embodiments contemplated for carrying out the invention. Various modifications, equivalents, variations, and alternatives, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any and all such modifications, variations, equivalents, and alternatives are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “lateral”, “longitudinal”, and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However, it is to be understood that the invention may assume alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary embodiments of the invention. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting.
Various point-of-care testing devices are known in the art. Such point-of-care testing devices include test strips, glass slides, diagnostic cartridges, or other testing devices for testing and analysis. Test strips, glass slides, and diagnostic cartridges are point-of-care testing devices that receive a blood sample and test that blood for one or more physiological and biochemical states. There are many point-of-care devices that use cartridge based architecture to analyze very small amounts of blood bedside without the need to send the sample to a lab for analysis. This saves time in getting results over the long run but creates a different set of challenges versus the highly routine lab environment. Examples of such testing cartridges include the i-STAT® testing cartridge from the Abbot group of companies. Testing cartridges such as the i-STAT® cartridges may be used to test for a variety of conditions including the presence of chemicals and electrolytes, hematology, blood gas concentrations, coagulation, or cardiac markers. The results of tests using such cartridges are quickly provided to the clinician.
However, the samples provided to such point-of-care testing cartridges are currently manually collected with an open system and transferred to the point-of-care testing cartridge in a manual manner that often leads to inconsistent results, or failure of the cartridge leading to a repeat of the sample collection and testing process, thereby negating the advantage of the point-of-care testing device. Accordingly, a need exists for a system for collecting and transferring a sample to a point-of-care testing device that provides safer, reproducible, and more accurate results. Accordingly, a point-of-care collecting and transferring system of the present disclosure will be described hereinafter. A system of the present disclosure enhances the reliability of the point-of-care testing device by: 1) incorporating a more closed type of sampling and transfer system; 2) minimizing open exposure of the sample; 3) improving sample quality; 4) improving the overall ease of use; and 5) separating the sample at the point of collection.
Some of the advantages of the blood separation device and the blood separation and testing system of the present disclosure over prior systems are that it is a closed system which reduces blood sample exposure, it provides passive and fast mixing of the blood sample with a sample stabilizer, it facilitates separation of the blood sample without transferring the blood sample to a separate device, and it is capable of transferring pure plasma to a point-of-care testing device. The blood separation device of the present disclosure enables integrated blood collection and plasma creation in a closed system without centrifugation. The clinician may collect and separate the blood sample and then immediately transfer the plasma portion to the point-of-care testing device without further manipulation. This enables collection and transfer of plasma to the point-of-care testing device without exposure to blood. In addition, the blood separation device of the present disclosure minimizes process time by processing the blood within the blood separation device and without external machinery. Further, for tests which only require small amounts of blood, it eliminates the waste associated with blood collection and plasma separation with an evacuated tube.
Referring to
Referring to
In one embodiment, the blood separation cartridge 11 is connectable with the drive device 13 to allow vacuum or pressure to drive flow of a blood sample within the blood separation cartridge 11. The connection between the blood separation cartridge 11 and the drive device 13 does not allow blood contact with the drive device 13. For example, the use of materials that only let air to pass, or one way valves, ensures that blood does not come in contact with the drive device 13.
In one embodiment, the flow channel 34 has a spiral shape for inertial separation of blood cells, e.g., a cellular portion 14, from a plasma portion 16 as shown in
At the end of the flow channel 34, e.g., a junction point 48, the flow channel 34 splits into a first collection chamber 40 for collecting the plasma portion 16 and a second collection chamber 44 for collecting the cellular portion 14. The first collection chamber 40 and the second collection chamber 44 includes no posts 52 to take advantage of laminar flow properties in a microfluidic channel. In one embodiment, to increase throughput, multiple spirals can be fabricated that operate in parallel to generate sufficient plasma volume for a downstream application. The first collection chamber 40 includes the first outlet port 42 which interfaces with a point-of-care testing device 22 or storage vessel as discussed in more detail below. The second outlet port 46 provides an outlet for the cellular portion 14 of the blood sample 12. In one embodiment, the junction point 48 contains a mechanism for substantially preventing the cellular portion 14 from entering the first collection chamber 40. For example, the junction point 48 may contain a filter or one-way valve or other mechanism.
In one embodiment, at least a portion of the flow channel 34 is adapted to contain a sample stabilizer to provide passive and fast mixing of a blood sample with the sample stabilizer. The sample stabilizer can be an anticoagulant, or a substance designed to preserve a specific element within the blood such as, for example, RNA, protein analyte, or other element. In other embodiments, the sample stabilizer is provided in other areas of the housing 30 of the blood separation cartridge 11 such as the inlet channel 36. In this manner, as a blood sample 12 flows through the inlet port 32 and into the flow channel 34, the blood separation device 10 provides passive and fast mixing of the blood sample 12 with the sample stabilizer.
Referring to
The blood separation cartridge 11 and the drive device 13 are removably connectable theretogether such that significant relative movement between the blood separation cartridge 11 and the drive device 13 is prevented. Referring to
Referring to
The inlet port 32 may also include a resealable septum that is transitionable between a closed position and an open position. With the septum in an open position, a blood sample 12 may flow through the inlet port 32 to the flow channel 34 via the inlet channel 36.
The blood separation cartridge 11 also may include a valve or septum 86 (
Referring to
As discussed above, the first outlet port 42 of the blood separation device 10 may include a valve or septum 86 that is transitionable between a closed position and an open position. With the valve or septum 86 in an open position (
In one embodiment, referring to
Referring to
The valve 86 of the blood separation device 10 only opens when the first outlet port 42 is pressed upon the receiving port 24 of the point-of-care testing device 22. This releases the isolated plasma portion 16 directly into the receiving port 24 of the point-of-care testing device 22, thus mitigating unnecessary exposure to the patient's blood.
Referring to
Referring to
At the end of the flow channel 34, e.g., the junction point 48, the flow channel 34 splits into a first collection chamber 40 for collecting the plasma portion 16 and a second collection chamber 44 for collecting the cellular portion 14. The first collection chamber 40 and the second collection chamber 44 include no posts 52 to take advantage of laminar flow properties in a microfluidic channel. In one embodiment, to increase throughput, multiple spirals can be fabricated that operate in parallel to generate sufficient plasma volume for a downstream application. The first collection chamber 40 includes the first outlet port 42 which interfaces with a point-of-care testing device 22 or storage vessel.
After disconnecting the blood separation device 10 from the blood collection set 100 or other blood collection line, the blood separation device 10 may be engaged with a blood testing device 22. Next, the first outlet port 42 is placed over the receiving port 24 of the point-of-care testing device 22 as shown in
Current systems for blood collection use centrifugation of blood collection tubes often in a centralized lab to generate plasma. This limits the ability to use plasma for point-of-care testing. The blood separation system of the present disclosure relies on inertial forces and a gentler filtration to generate plasma. The filtration posts are made of the same material as the device so analyte bias and passivation is the same for the posts as the parent device. By using the two methods to drive the cellular portion into a separate flow stream, less filtration should be required to generate the same quality plasma.
Some of the other advantages of the blood separation device and the blood separation and testing system of the present disclosure over prior systems are that it is a closed system which reduces blood sample exposure, it provides passive and fast mixing of the blood sample with a sample stabilizer, it facilitates separation of the blood sample without transferring the blood sample to a separate device, and it is capable of transferring pure plasma to the point-of-care testing device 22. The blood separation device of the present disclosure enables integrated blood collection and plasma creation in a closed system without centrifugation. The clinician may collect and separate the blood sample and then immediately transfer the plasma portion to the point-of-care testing device 22 without further manipulation. This enables collection and transfer of plasma to the point-of-care testing device 22 without exposure to blood. In addition, the blood separation device of the present disclosure minimizes process time by processing the blood within the blood separation device and without external machinery. Further, for tests which only require small amounts of blood, it eliminates the waste associated with blood collection and plasma separation with an evacuated tube.
While this disclosure has been described as having exemplary designs, the present disclosure can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this disclosure pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A biological fluid separation cartridge, comprising:
- a housing having a single inlet port and a flow channel defined within the housing in fluid communication with the single inlet port, the flow channel having a spiral shape;
- a first collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a first outlet port having a valve;
- a second collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a second outlet port, the second collection chamber isolated from the first collection chamber, and the second outlet port spaced apart from the first outlet port; and
- an inlet channel in fluid communication with the single inlet port and the flow channel, wherein at least one of the inlet channel and the flow channel contains a sample stabilizer therein,
- wherein the valve comprises a deformable wall member and a septum, and wherein the septum covers the first outlet port.
2. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 1, wherein the biological fluid separation cartridge receives a multi-component blood sample.
3. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 2, wherein the multi-component blood sample comprises a cellular portion and a plasma portion.
4. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 3, wherein the flow channel comprises a separation element that separates the cellular portion and the plasma portion of the multi-component blood sample.
5. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 4, wherein the separation element comprises a plurality of posts.
6. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 2, wherein the single inlet port includes a connecting portion that engages a blood collection device and the single inlet port receives the multi-component blood sample via connection to the blood collection device.
7. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 3, wherein the first collection chamber receives at least a portion of the plasma portion therein and the second collection chamber receives at least a portion of the cellular portion.
8. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 7, further comprising a one-way mechanism for preventing the cellular portion from entering the first collection chamber.
9. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 3, wherein the first outlet port is adapted for connection to a point-of-care testing device for closed transfer of a portion of the plasma portion from the first collection chamber to the point-of-care testing device.
10. The biological fluid separation cartridge of claim 9, further comprising a connection portion that engages a drive device, wherein with the drive device connected to the biological fluid separation cartridge, the drive device causes flow of the plasma portion from the first collection chamber to the point-of-care testing device.
11. A biological fluid separation and testing system for a multi-component blood sample, the biological fluid separation and testing system comprising:
- a biological fluid separation cartridge adapted to receive the multi-component blood sample, the biological fluid separation cartridge comprising: a housing having a single inlet port and a flow channel defined within the housing in fluid communication with the single inlet port, the flow channel have a spiral shape; a first collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a first outlet port having a valve; a second collection chamber defined within the housing in fluid communication with the flow channel and including a second outlet port, the second collection chamber isolated from the first collection chamber, and the second outlet port spaced apart from the first outlet port; and an inlet channel in fluid communication with the single inlet port and the flow channel, wherein at least one of the inlet channel and the flow channel contains a sample stabilizer therein, wherein the valve comprises a deformable wall member and a septum, and wherein the septum covers the first outlet port; and
- a blood testing device having a receiving port adapted to receive the first outlet port of the biological fluid separation cartridge for closed transfer of a portion of a component of the multi-component blood sample from the first collection chamber to the blood testing device.
12. The biological fluid separation and testing system of claim 11, wherein the multi-component blood sample comprises a first cellular portion component and a second plasma portion component.
13. The biological fluid separation and testing system of claim 12, further comprising a connection portion that engages a drive device, wherein with the drive device connected to the biological fluid separation cartridge, the drive device causes flow of the plasma portion from the first collection chamber to the blood testing device.
14. The biological fluid separation and testing system of claim 11, wherein the blood testing device comprises a point-of-care testing device.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Apr 14, 2014
Date of Patent: Dec 5, 2017
Patent Publication Number: 20140308179
Assignee: Becton, Dickinson and Company (Franklin Lakes, NJ)
Inventors: Daniel J. Marchiarullo (Morris Plains, NJ), Bradley M. Wilkinson (North Haledon, NJ)
Primary Examiner: Sam P Siefke
Application Number: 14/251,699
International Classification: A61B 5/15 (20060101); G01N 33/49 (20060101); A61M 1/34 (20060101); G01N 1/28 (20060101); G01N 1/40 (20060101); G01N 1/34 (20060101); B01L 3/00 (20060101); B04B 7/08 (20060101); A61B 5/151 (20060101); A61B 5/157 (20060101);
