STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH This invention was made with government support under NI18HMFPXXXXG008, NI19HMFPXXXXG008, NI22HMFPXXXXG015, NI21HMFPXXXXG018, and NI20HMFPXXXXG005 awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture's National Institute for Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) and AM200100XXXXG063 awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA-AMS). The government has certain rights in the invention.
Botanical designation:
Genus and species: Vitis spp. hybrid.
Variety denomination: The new plant has the varietal denomination ‘ND213’.
BACKGROUND Most grape varieties used for production of high quality wines around the world are of the species Vitis vinifera. These V. vinifera varieties, when cultivated in northern regions of the United States with a continental climate, are often subject to serious injury or death from low temperatures during winter. Although several wild Vitis species occur in colder regions of North America and eastern Asia, the wine made from these species generally has serious defects. Thus, there is a need for grape varieties that are winter hardy yet produce fruit capable of yielding high quality wine.
BRIEF SUMMARY ‘ND213’ is a variety of red grape (Vitis hybrid) suitable for white wine production and is well adapted to the Upper Midwest climate of the United States. ‘ND213’ exhibits a high level of cold hardiness, with trunks having survived −38° C. ‘ND213’ showed limited cold temperature dieback (winter injury) in comparison to the cold hardy gris wine grape ‘Frontenac Gris’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 16,478). The fruit of ‘ND213’ produces a good quality, well balanced wine with good body, attractive color, and notes of apple, citrus, stone fruit, grapefruit, and tropical fruit. ‘ND213’ exhibits good disease resistance, showing low susceptibility to powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), and foliar phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae).
‘ND213’ originated from a hand-pollinated cross of ‘C-16’ (female parent, not patented) and ‘Alpenglow’ (male parent, not patented) made in 2008. Asexual propagation of the new cultivar was accomplished by rooting dormant hardwood cuttings in 2015 in Fargo, ND. Asexual propagation of the cultivar by dormant hardwood cuttings has determined that the characteristics are stable and true to type in successive generations. ‘C-16’ arose from a cross between Vitis ‘Severnji’ and a Vitis riparia male pollen parent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a photograph taken in 2014 of a ‘ND213’ fruit cluster on three-year-old vines grown in Fargo, ND.
FIG. 2 is a photograph taken in 2018 of a ‘ND213’ fruit cluster on two-year-old vines grown near Absaraka, ND.
FIG. 3 is a photograph taken in 2014 of harvested ‘ND213’ fruit from three-year-old vines grown in Fargo, ND.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION ‘ND213’ differs from male parent, ‘Alpenglow’, in that ‘ND213’ has a longer looser cluster with a more pronounced first lateral branch. ‘ND213’ stems were also more vigorous, and berries ripened to a deeper red. Data collected in 2018 in Fargo, ND reinforced observations where both cultivars were growing, but not in the same trial, with ‘ND213’ having 112% greater cluster weight and 2% greater berry weight than ‘Alpenglow’. Female parent, ‘C-16’, has not been characterized and plant material is unavailable for characterization. Thus, comparison to the female parent is not possible.
The following is a detailed botanical description of the new variety of grape plant, its flowers, fruit, foliage etc. as based on observations of various aged specimens grown in Absaraka, ND and Fargo, ND over the 2016-2021 growing seasons. All color references are taken from The Royal Horticultural Society (R.H.S.) Colour Chart, 5th Edition.
TABLE 1
Trait Value
Botanical Cultivar of Vitis with ancestry from several
classification: species including, V. vinifera, V. riparia, V.
labrusca, and V. amurensis.
Parentage: ‘C16’ (female), ‘Alpenglow’(male).
General Characteristics
Mature canes: The observations are the means of 10 canes
observed from the 2019 to 2021 growing
seasons.
Color of canes. Dark 175B strips, contrasting with between
165B and 164C light strips
Length of canes. 1.24 m (0.66-2.24)
Diameter of canes. 8.1 mm (stdev 1.7 mm)
Internode length 51.3 mm (stdev 31.2 mm)
Lenticels Yes, small <1 mm length.
Cane cross-section Circular to ovate.
shape.
Density of hairs on Absent.
mature cane.
Tendril pattern on 2,0,2,0; two nodes with tendrils followed by
shoot one node without.
Tendrils forked Yes
Tendril texture Striated
Tendril color N144C
Bud width 3.6 mm (2.5-4.5 mm)
Bud length 5.3 mm (4.2-7.0 mm)
Bud shape Triangular.
Bud color Between 165 A and 166 B.
Trunk: The observations of trunk characteristics
presented are from the 2019 growing season.
Bark texture Somewhat flaky, small vertical segments
below 5 mm in width and length.
Bark color. Between 161B and 165B
Mature leaves Ten representative mature leaves were
collected from above the cluster at each
growing location. The leaves were pressed
and dried for analysis. The values presented
are means from leaves collected in Absaraka,
ND and Fargo, ND in 2020. Descriptors of
mature leaves relate to OIV descriptor list for
grape varieties and Vitis species (OIV,
International Organisation of Vine and Wine,
Technical document ).
Length of blade. 12.9 cm (10.6-16.4)
Width of blade. 14.8 cm (10.4-18.3)
Shape of blade. Cuneiform, wedge-shaped
Number of lobes. Three to five.
Blade margins. Incised into three to five lobes.
Length of primary 127 mm (stdev 21 mm)
(midrib) vein N1
from the tip of the
blade to the petiole
sinus.
Length of vein N2 111 mm (stdev 18 mm)
from the tip of the
first major lobe of the
blade to the petiole
sinus.
Length of vein N3 77 mm (stdev 14 mm)
from the tip of the
second major lobe of
the blade to the
petiole sinus.
Length of vein N4 42 mm (stdev 8 mm)
from the tip of the
third major lob of the
blade to where it
joins the vein
measured in N3.
Length of vein N5 17.6 mm (stdev 4.1 mm)
from the tip of the
first tooth proximal to
the petiole sinus to
where it joins the
vein measured in N4.
Length of N2 teeth. 11.2 mm (stdev 3.8 mm)
Width of N2 teeth. 14.6 mm (stdev 3.9 mm)
Length/width ratio of 0.77
N2 teeth.
Length of N4 teeth. 5.6 mm (stdev 2.1 mm)
Width of N4 teeth. 11.3 mm (stdev 1.6 mm)
Length/width ratio of 0.5
N4 teeth.
Shape of teeth. both sides straight
Shape of petiolar Open to very-open
sinus.
Shape of base of U-shaped
petiolar sinus.
Depth of petiolar 43.1 mm (stdev 9.0 mm)
sinus.
Width of petiolar 61.0 mm (stdev 16.9 mm)
sinus.
Petiole. 2.5 mm diameter. Length 101.7 mm (24.6
mm stdev)
Shape of upper General absence of upper sinus, urn-shaped
sinuses. when present.
Shape of base of V-shaped
upper sinuses.
Pubescence on Slight.
adaxial surface.
Pubescence on Small erect hairs.
abaxial surface.
Color of adaxial leaf 146B
surface.
Color of abaxial leaf 143B, vein 154A and 1.5-0.9 mm thick,
surface. anthocyanins absent except near base of
main vines - 46C
Color of leaf petiole. 58A, 184C
Center lobe size. Length 4.5 cm; width 7.6 cm.
Lateral lobe size. Length 2.1 cm; width 3.3 cm.
Basal lobe size. Length 1.1 cm; width 1.9 cm.
Young shoots:
Form of shoot tip. Open.
Density of prostrate Moderate pubsecence.
hairs on tip.
Density of erect hairs Sparse
on tip.
Petiole pigmentation 144A-144C
Shoot attitude. Semi-procumbent
Shoot pigmentation 143A-143B
(internodes and
nodes).
Young leaves. abaxial: 144C, adaxial: 144B
Flowers:
Fragrances. Moderately fragrant.
Mean time of June 2 (May 29-June 10) when grown in
flowering. Fargo, ND.
Color of calyx. N144C.
Sepal number. 5 sepals fused into a continuous calyx.
Calyx shape. Ring shaped.
Calyx size. 2.44 mm in length (1.9-3.1); 1.35 mm in
diameter (1.1-1.6).
Calyx apex. Fused to ovary.
Calyx base. Fused to pedicel.
Nectary. 1.2 mm in diameter; <1 mm in length; color
153C.
Calyx surface. Glabrous.
Petals. 5 petals fused in calyptra.
Color of Petal. Between 154A and N144C.
Shape of cluster. Cyclindrical to conical, typically with one
shoulder.
Size of cluster. Length 90.9 mm (stdev 20.9); width 7.4 mm
(stdev 2.4).
Number of flowers. Average of 183 with up to 89 on wings if
present.
Flower buds. Length 3.9 mm; 2.5 mm width; color 143A
to 146B.
Size of individual Flower length: 3.9 mm (stdev 0.5mm);
entire flower. flower width 1.1 mm (stdev 0.28).
Pollen fertility. Fertile based on selfing and use as parent in
controlled crosses.
Reproductive organs. Fully developed stamens and gynoecium.
Color of stamen. Anther: 20 C; filament: 163D.
Stamen number. Average of 5.
Filament length. 3.0 mm in length.
Anther. <1 mm in length.
Pollen quantity and Abundant, color between 13B and 15B.
color.
Pistil. 1 pistil present, ovary length 1.75 mm and
0.85 mm at base, urn-shaped.
Pedicel 2.3 mm and <1 mm in width, color 150A.
Peduncle. Peduncle length to base of cluster 12.2 cm
(stdev 4.9 cm); peduncle width 3.0 cm (stdev
0.8 cm).
Peduncle Color. Sun exposed peduncle between 61A and
58A, shaded peduncle between 150A and
N144C.
Fruit.
Cluster length. 19.5 cm (11.5-28.2 cm)
Cluster diameter. 9.2 cm (6.1-12.2 cm)
Cluster weight. 175 g (120-309 g)
Cluster density. Medium, based on Trait 204 of the
International Organisation of Vine and Wine
(OIV) Descriptor List for grape varieties and
Vitis species, 2nd edition.
Berry weight. 2.11 g (1.56-2.31 g)
Berry length. 1.55 (1.32-1.65 cm)
Berry diameter at 1.49 (1.30-1.62 cm)
equator.
Berry shape. Roundish.
Berry cross-section. Circular.
Berry, color of skin. Varying based on sun exposure with lighter,
unexposed berries between 2B and 9A and
darker, exposed berries between 65A and
77B.
Berry, color of flesh. 8D.
Berry firmness. Very firm.
Berry, particular Neutral, subdued V. larbusca characteristic
flavor. flavors.
Length of pedicel. 4.5 mm (3.4 to 6.6 mm)
Pedicel diameter. 1.5 mm (0.9 to 1.9 mm)
Pedicel color. 144C.
Berry, separation Difficult.
from pedicel.
Berry, presence of Fully developed.
seeds.
Seed number/berry. 2.8 (1-4)
Seed length. average 6.45 mm SD 0.64
Seed width. average 4.44 mm SD 0.298
Seed length/width 1.46
ratio.
Seed weight. 0.05 grams
Seed color. 164A
Fruit: Values represent the means (with ranges in
parentheses) for fruit harvested over five
growing seasons, 2016-2020.
Harvest date. 08/24 (08/12-09/16).
Brix. 20.3 (18.4-21.2).
pH. 3.40 (3.05-3.57)
Titratable acidity. 8.8 (8.1-10.8) g/liter.
Vineyard Descriptions are based on field observations
performance: made over four years (2017-2020).
Susceptibility to Low
powdery mildew
(Uncinula necator).
Susceptibility to Low
downy mildew
(Plasmopara
viticola).
Susceptibility to Low
black rot (Guignardia
bidwellii).
Susceptibility to grey Not observed during evaluation.
mold (Botrytis
cinerea).
Susceptibility to Low
foliar phylloxera
(Daktulosphaira
vitifoliae).
Susceptibility to Mildly susceptible, Infection observed for
crown gall the first time in 2019 following severe winter
(Agrobacterium temperatures.
tumefaciens).
Susceptibility to Mildly susceptible
phenoxy herbicide
drift.
Berry splitting. Very low
Berry shelling. Very low
Vigor level. Moderate to high.
Winter hardiness. Moderate to high; trunks have survived -38°
C.
Wood ripening. Good.
Productivity. Average yield between 8-24 lbs (3.6-10.9 kg)
per plant based on pruning, spacing, and
location.
