`BA 73-381` Kentucky bluegrass
A variety of Kentucky bluegrass having a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot, melting out disease, rust diseases, and stripe smut; a desirable green color throughout the growing season; the ability to form a turf of good quality under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide blade and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
Latest OMS Investments, Inc. Patents:
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Poa pratensis that has been designated Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass.
2. Description of Related Art
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 3,156, issued May 9, 1972; 3,186, issued May 23, 1972; 4,336, issued Nov. 28, 1978; 6,280, issued Sep. 6, 1988; 6,537 and 6,538, issued Jan. 17, 1989; 6,585, issued Feb. 7, 1989, 7,831, issued Mar. 17, 1992; 8,490, issued Dec. 7, 1993 and pending U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/125,564, filed Sep. 23, 1993.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETYBa 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass plant material originated by crossing an unreleased Kentucky bluegrass selection (Bd65-26-1) from the O. M. Scott and Sons breeding program with a Merion Kentucky bluegrass plant as the pollen parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct variety was produced and asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules.
Seed of Ba 73-381 was produced first at Marysville, Ohio and later at Gervais, Oreg. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trails and later seed production fields. Asexual production of Ba 73381 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level of Ba 73-381 is approximately 99% based upon examining seedling characteristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from six different crop years in a growth chamber.
Ba 73-381 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a medium to high level of resistance to Drechslera spp. formerly called Helminthosporium spp. that causes leaf spot, melting out and crown rot, Puccinia spp. that causes several tupes of rust infections, and Ustilago striiformis that causes strip smut. Ba 73-381 has an attractive leafy turf type growth habit, moderately wide leaf blades, attractive green color which can be maintained throughout the entire growing season, and good turf performance as evidenced by consistently good scores for quality and color. Ba 73-381 has a high seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of northwestrn U.S.A.
In comparison with a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses, Ba 73-381 differs significantly in regard to the following morphological characteristics: (1) seed width, (2) floret number, (3) flag leaf ligule hair, (4) vegetative leaf margin hair, (5) peduncle width and (6) vegetative leaf ligule length.
Ba 73381 has a large seed, below average seed count and a long rachilla, a short and narrow panicle, a high whorl and branch count, average size spikelets, a low floret count and average size glumes. Ba 73-381 has a medium length culm, a low node count, an average internode length, a medium length but above averge peduncle width. The flag leaf is average in length and width but above average in thickness, has a long ligule and a statistically higher ligule hair content than most other bluegrasses in the evaluation. The vegetative leaf of Ba 73-381 is long, slightly below average in width but average in thickness, a short ligule and a low population of leaf margin hairs. The vegetative leaf under close mowing practiced under lawn maintenance conditions has a statistically broader leaf than a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1. is a Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass plant during anthesis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETYBa 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the filed under freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during late winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate temperatures (60.degree.-80.degree. F.), culms are erect averaging 39.5 mm in length, 3.1 nodes per culm, an uppermost internode length of 10.8 cm and a peduncle averaging 24.3 cm in length, and 0.808 mm in width. The vegetative leaf averages 22.1 cm in length, 3.3 mm in width, 0.300 mm in thickness, 0.16 mm in ligule length and a low leaf margin hair count. The flag leaf averages 4.3 cm in length, 3.5 mm in width, 0.223 mm in thickness, a ligule length of 1.3 mm and a high ligule hair count. The panicle averages 80.2 mm in length, 55.3 mm in width and 9.8 whorls. The lowest whorl averages 4.1 branches and the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle 3.9 branches (Table 3). The spikelets in the lowest whorl average 4.7 mm in length, 2.4 mm in width and 2.7 florets. The outer glume from the lowerst whorl averages 2.8 mm in length and the inner glume 3.2 mm in length. The spikelet from the third whorl averages 4.6 mm in length, 2.6 mm in width, and 2.7 florets.
The outer glume from the third whorl averages 2.9 mm in length and the inner glume 3.1 mm in length. Conditioned seed of Ba 73-381 averages 3.00 mm in length, 0.94 mm in width, a rachilla length of 0.86 mm and approximately 1,171,000 seeds per pound. The dorsal side of the lemma keel contained an average population of hairs.
Comparisons of Ba 73-381 with other varieties in terms of seed dimensions and seed numbers per pound are shown in Tables 1 and 2 as follows:
TABLE 1
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Seed and Rachilla Measurements and Lemma Hair of
Ba 73-381 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties
After Conditioning
Length Width Rachilla
Lemma*
Variety (mm) (mm) (mm) Hair
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Ba 73-381 3.00 0.94 0.86 4.9
Ba 73-366 3.04 0.91 0.80 4.4
Abbey 2.97 0.89 0.80 3.8
Adelphi 2.70 0.84 0.65 4.4
America 2.40 0.68 0.68 2.8
Baron 3.08 0.81 0.71 5.0
Bristol 2.94 0.88 0.73 4.3
Chateau 2.81 0.86 0.71 4.5
Coventry 2.71 0.81 0.70 4.0
Eclipse 2.77 0.83 0.68 3.5
Georgetown
2.94 0.82 0.74 4.9
Gnome 2.78 0.83 0.75 4.1
Kelly 3.07 0.89 0.75 4.2
Marquis 2.97 0.87 0.83 4.7
Midnight 2.94 0.76 0.78 5.7
Nassau 3.07 0.86 0.68 3.4
Ram I 3.23 0.89 0.80 6.0
Touchdown 2.93 0.88 0.71 4.6
Victa 3.00 0.80 0.82 3.5
LSD (.05) 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.86
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*Rating Scale 0-9: 9 = abundant row of hairs along keel.
TABLE 2
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Comparison of Seed Numbers Per Pound of Ba 73-381 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties After Conditioning
Variety Seeds per Pound
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 1,171,000
Ba 73-366 1,025,586
Abbey 1,003,037
Adelphi 1,383,976
America 1,659,824
Baron 1,051,693
Bristol 1,270,821
Chateau 1,300,105
Coventry 1,246,200
Eclipse 1,335,668
Georgetown 1,431,000
Gnome 1,017,641
Kelly 921,166
Marquis 1,054,642
Midnight 1,227,000
Nassua 1,127,130
Ram 1 1,214,000
Touchdown 1,211,000
Victa 1,038,298
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Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characters to some extent, comparisons of morphological characteristics of Ba 73-381 are made with other Kentucky bluegrass varieties are given in Tables 3-8.
TABLE 3
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Morphological Comparison of Panicles of Ba 73-381
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the
Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
Number of
Panicle Number Branches
Nod- Length Width Whorls/
Lower Third
Variety ding* (mm) (mm) Panicle
Whorl Whorl
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Ba 73-381
1.1 80.2 55.3 9.8 4.1 3.9
Ba 73-366
1.6 88.8 68.4 8.8 4.3 3.7
Abbey 1.6 80.4 59.3 9.3 3.8 3.3
Adelphi 1.8 106.8 76.4 10.0 3.6 3.0
America 2.3 67.7 51.1 8.8 3.3 3.5
Baron 2.2 92.6 71.0 10.0 3.4 2.8
Bristol 2.0 85.5 61.5 8.4 2.8 2.7
Chateau 2.9 65.2 57.3 8.5 3.3 2.8
Coventry
2.5 64.0 54.2 8.4 3.3 2.5
Eclipse 1.3 89.2 74.0 10.7 3.3 2.1
George- 1.0 80.0 57.0 7.4 2.1 2.6
town
Gnome 1.1 80.6 56.0 10.6 4.6 3.9
Kelly 2.0 88.0 70.2 9.8 4.6 3.7
Marquis 1.1 82.0 63.0 10.3 3.9 3.6
Midnight
2.0 75.8 48.4 7.1 2.9 3.0
Nassau 2.2 91.2 68.6 10.0 2.5 2.1
Ram I 1.3 67.7 47.0 7.3 3.0 3.2
Touchdown
1.1 73.1 75.0 7.6 2.1 2.3
Victa 1.7 74.9 58.3 10.0 4.7 3.5
LSD (.05)
0.68 7.35 8.62 0.66 0.72 0.50
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*Panicle Nodding Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = most nodding
TABLE 4
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Morphological Comparison of Spikelets of Ba 73-381 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at
Marysville, Ohio
Number of
Spikelet Florets
Lower Whorl
Third Whorl Per Spikelet
Length Width Length
Width Lower Third
Variety (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Whorl Whorl
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Ba 73-381
4.7 2.4 4.6 2.6 2.7 2.7
Ba 73-366
4.6 2.5 4.7 2.6 2.6 2.8
Abbey 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.2 3.0 3.0
Adelphi 4.6 2.2 4.8 2.2 4.4 4.4
America 4.6 2.2 4.4 2.3 4.5 4.3
Baron 5.4 2.8 5.4 3.1 4.0 4.2
Bristol 4.9 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.2 4.5
Chateau 4.4 2.4 4.4 2.4 3.4 3.5
Coventry 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.4 3.2 3.5
Eclipse 4.6 2.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.6
Georgetown
5.0 2.3 5.0 2.6 4.8 4.9
Gnome 4.6 2.5 4.6 2.9 3.2 3.2
Kelly 5.1 2.5 5.2 2.8 3.7 3.8
Marquis 4.3 2.2 4.4 2.3 3.1 2.9
Midnight 5.3 2.5 5.5 2.4 4.4 4.7
Nassau 4.7 2.6 4.8 3.0 4.2 4.3
Ram I 5.4 2.6 5.3 2.8 3.6 3.4
Touchdown
5.1 2.9 4.8 2.8 4.1 4.0
Victa 4.5 2.5 4.5 2.4 3.3 3.2
LSD (.05)
0.41 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.58 0.53
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TABLE 5
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Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at
Marysville, Ohio
______________________________________
Glume Length (mm)
Outer Inner
Lowest Third Lowest
Third
Variety Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1
Ba 73-366 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1
Abbey 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1
Adelphi 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1
America 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5
Baron 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7
Bristol 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4
Chateau 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2
Coventry 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1
Eclipse 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4
Georgetown 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1
Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3
Kelly 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.5
Marquis 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1
Midnight 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.1
Nassau 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0
Ram I 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.5
Touchdown 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8
Victa 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1
LSD (.05) 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23
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Glume Hairs
Lowest Whorl Third Whorl
Variety Outer Inner Outer Inner
______________________________________
Ba 73-381
1.7 2.3 2.1 2.3
Ba 73-366
1.7 1.3 1.3 2.0
Abbey 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0
Adelphi 0.6 2.7 1.1 1.9
America 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3
Baron 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.6
Bristol 1.0 2.2 0.8 2.2
Chateau 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.8
Coventry 1.5 2.7 1.6 2.4
Eclipse 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9
Georgetown
1.7 2.7 1.2 2.5
Gnome 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.6
Kelly 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.8
Marquis 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.8
Midnight 1.8 2.8 1.0 2.4
Nassau 2.1 2.6 4.2 4.4
Ram I 1.1 2.3 0.7 1.2
Touchdown
0.7 2.1 1.1 1.4
Victa 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3
LSD (.05)
0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
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TABLE 6
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Morphological Comparison of Flag Leaves
of Ba 73-381 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, Ohio
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Sheath.sup.4
Length Width Thickness
Leaf
Variety (cm) (mm) (mm) Angle.sup.1
Curve.sup.2
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Ba 73-381
4.3 3.5 0.223 1.9 5.0
Ba 73-366
4.5 3.6 0.180 5.1 4.4
Abbey 3.8 3.4 0.145 2.7 4.1
Adelphi 5.7 3.4 0.178 5.2 5.0
America 4.3 2.6 0.211 4.6 5.0
Baron 7.0 4.2 0.152 9.2 4.4
Bristol 4.3 3.2 0.211 2.3 5.0
Chateau 4.0 2.7 0.193 3.4 2.0
Coventry 3.7 3.0 0.140 0.7 4.3
Eclipse 3.9 3.2 0.193 8.7 5.0
Georgetown
5.7 2.8 0.221 1.9 5.0
Gnome 4.5 3.5 0.185 4.3 5.0
Kelly 4.8 4.1 0.178 3.1 4.4
Marquis 5.5 3.6 0.241 2.7 4.6
Midnight 3.8 2.6 0.189 1.1 5.0
Nassau 6.0 3.7 0.191 5.9 4.7
Ram I 3.4 3.1 0.191 1.0 4.8
Touchdown
4.1 2.7 0.163 3.4 4.1
Victa 3.9 3.7 0.267 2.1 4.6
LSD (.05)
1.0 0.4 0.02 2.5 0.4
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Hairs.sup.3
Sheath.sup.4
Ligule on Leaf
Variety (mm) Margin Ligule
Color
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Ba 73-381
1.3 0.4 3.6 1.5
Ba 73-366
1.5 0.4 2.2 0.5
Abbey 1.3 0.8 1.6 0.2
Adelphi 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.4
America 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.9
Baron 1.2 1.0 3.8 2.6
Bristol 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.0
Chateau 0.9 1.1 3.1 0.3
Coventry 0.9 0.8 1.7 2.0
Eclipse 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.2
Georgetown
0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0
Gnome 0.8 0.9 3.2 1.5
Kelly 1.5 1.1 2.5 2.2
Marquis 0.8 0.5 3.8 1.5
Midnight 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.0
Nassau 1.1 2.6 2.4 0.8
Ram I 0.7 0.5 1.3 2.0
Touchdown
1.1 1.0 1.0 7.7
Victa 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5
LSD (.05)
0.17 0.47 0.7 0.76
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.sup.1 Degrees from the stem
.sup.2 Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down
.sup.3 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
.sup.4 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple
TABLE 7
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Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, Node Numbers
Per Culm and Internode Length of Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at
Marysville, OH
Peduncle Peduncle Culm Nodes Top
Variety Length Width Length
Per Internode
(cm) (cm) (mm) (cm) Culm Length
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Ba 73-381
24.3 0.808 39.5 3.1 10.8
Ba 73-366
26.4 0.704 42.7 4.1 9.2
Abbey 23.2 0.655 41.3 4.1 11.0
Adelphi 24.5 0.665 40.0 4.0 10.4
America 16.2 0.622 31.8 3.1 11.0
Baron 34.0 0.701 52.8 4.2 12.8
Bristol 22.9 0.734 43.5 4.0 12.6
Chateau 20.7 0.607 38.9 4.4 9.9
Coventry 19.6 0.487 34.7 4.5 7.9
Eclipse 23.7 0.658 39.2 4.9 9.9
Georgetown
21.7 0.683 37.5 3.2 11.1
Gnome 19.4 0.836 35.3 3.1 9.2
Kelly 29.4 0.752 46.6 3.6 11.8
Marquis 27.1 0.831 34.1 3.4 7.8
Midnight 20.5 0.722 29.5 2.8 7.6
Nassau 25.0 0.663 36.0 3.9 7.4
Ram I 22.2 0.694 30.5 2.5 6.6
Touchdown
23.6 0.519 38.0 4.0 8.4
Victa 21.2 0.808 37.9 3.7 10.3
LSD (.05)
3.2 0.08 3.3 0.4 1.9
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TABLE 8
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Morphological Comparison of Vegetative
Leaves of Ba 73-381 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
______________________________________
Length Width Thickness
Leaf
Variety (cm) (mm) (mm) Angle.sup.1
Curve.sup.2
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Ba 73-381
22.1 3.3 0.300 62.5 8.2
Ba 73-366
22.9 3.8 0.401 53.0 7.1
Abbey 20.7 3.6 0.277 51.3 7.4
Adelphi 19.4 3.7 0.279 67.0 4.6
America 21.4 3.1 0.325 66.0 6.4
Baron 18.2 4.3 0.290 35.0 4.4
Bristol 18.2 3.7 0.320 65.5 6.9
Chateau 23.1 3.3 0.328 39.7 5.4
Coventry 23.4 3.6 0.249 63.0 7.3
Eclipse 20.3 4.4 0.302 65.5 5.4
Georgetown
19.5 3.6 0.287 56.7 5.8
Gnome 18.2 2.9 0.290 43.2 6.6
Kelly 22.8 3.9 0.300 55.5 7.0
Marquis 19.7 3.7 0.376 46.8 7.8
Midnight 19.5 3.5 0.310 63.3 5.0
Nassau 16.3 3.7 0.292 63.2 4.9
Ram I 19.1 3.6 0.271 70.8 6.5
Touchdown
16.7 3.7 0.243 51.3 4.0
Victa 21.5 3.6 0.360 56.3 6.7
LSD (.05)
3.5 0.43 0.04 15.9 1.5
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Hairs.sup.3
Ligule Leaf Leaf Sheath
Variety (mm) Ligule Margin
Roughness.sup.4
Color.sup.5
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Ba 73-381
0.16 3.2 0.7 8.2 2.0
Ba 73-366
0.23 5.2 4.2 8.5 0.0
Abbey 0.32 4.4 2.8 7.7 0.0
Adelphi 0.34 2.6 3.4 8.8 0.0
America 0.12 1.7 2.1 8.4 2.0
Baron 0.33 4.6 3.6 7.4 0.4
Bristol 0.12 2.6 3.0 8.9 2.0
Chateau 0.22 3.3 3.1 7.8 0.5
Coventry 0.32 3.1 2.4 8.1 0.3
Eclipse 0.38 2.8 2.6 9.0 0.2
Georgetown
0.14 2.5 2.4 8.5 2.0
Gnome 0.23 1.6 0.8 7.5 1.4
Kelly 0.34 4.6 2.4 8.8 0.0
Marquis 0.21 3.6 1.1 6.8 1.1
Midnight 0.10 1.3 1.6 7.7 2.0
Nassau 0.34 2.5 3.3 8.5 1.4
Ram I 0.09 1.8 2.0 7.7 2.0
Touchdown
0.29 1.4 1.3 7.9 8.0
Victa 0.26 2.3 1.7 7.9 0.1
LSD (.05)
0.04 0.79 0.70 0.89 0.57
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.sup.1 Degrees from stem
.sup.2 Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curve up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curve down
.sup.3 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
.sup.4 Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = rough; 9 = smooth
.sup.5 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple
Ba 73-381 has performed well throughout the U.S.A. as exhibited by medium to high turf quality ratings in a number of locations across the U.S.A. in comparison to other Kentucky bluegrass varieties. In addition, it has a pleasant medium green color which can be maintained throughout the growing season, a substantial level of living ground cover and a medium wide leaf.
Comparisons of Ba 73-381 with other Kentucky bluegrass varieties for quality are set forth hereinafter in Tables 9-12:
TABLE 9
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Comparison of Turfgrass Quality of Ba 73-381 and
Other Kentucky bluegrass Varieties at Various
Locations in the U.S.A.
Locations.sup.1
Variety A B C D E F G
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Ba 73-381 8.0 6.9 5.4 6.5 5.3 6.8 5.1
Ba 73-366 7.7 7.2 5.3 6.5 5.0 6.6 4.9
Abbey 7.0 6.9 5.5 5.4 4.9 6.8 5.0
Able I 7.7 7.5 5.9 7.0 5.7 6.5 5.0
A-34 8.7 6.8 4.6 7.0 5.4 6.2 4.9
Banff 8.7 6.6 6.1 6.8 4.6 6.7 5.1
Baron 7.7 7.2 5.7 7.0 5.7 7.0 5.7
Classic 8.3 6.9 6.2 6.8 4.3 6.7 4.8
Coventry 8.7 6.3 5.9 6.7 5.8 7.0 4.7
Eclipse 8.3 6.7 6.5 6.2 5.1 7.3 5.0
Estate 8.7 7.0 5.5 7.0 6.0 6.4 5.0
Georgetown 8.0 6.6 6.6 6.5 4.9 6.9 4.4
Glade 9.0 7.4 7.5 7.0 5.6 7.6 4.3
Gnome 8.0 6.8 5.0 7.0 5.0 7.0 3.9
Haga 8.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 5.1 6.8 4.5
Kelly 7.7 7.2 5.8 6.5 5.0 6.8 5.0
Kenblue 7.7 6.4 3.3 7.0 3.8 6.2 3.9
Marquis 8.0 6.8 5.3 6.7 5.5 6.5 4.9
Merion 6.7 5.1 2.7 5.2 4.2 4.8 3.2
Merit 8.0 6.9 4.9 6.5 4.1 6.6 5.0
Midnight 8.0 7.1 8.3 6.7 4.7 7.7 4.9
Monopoly 7.7 6.5 5.0 7.3 4.8 6.1 5.1
Nassau 8.0 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.5 6.3 4.8
Ram I 8.0 7.8 6.0 7.3 5.2 7.0 5.3
South Dakota
7.0 6.6 3.0 6.2 2.1 4.9 3.0
Touchdown 9.0 7.2 4.2 6.7 3.3 6.5 4.7
LSD (.05) 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.9
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Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = ideal turf
.sup.1 Locations:
A. Fort Collins, CO;
B. Ames, IA;
C. Adelphia, N.J.;
D. Marysville, OH;
E. Hubbard, OR;
F. Beltsville, MD;
G. Blacksburg, Va.
TABLE 10
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A Comparison of Quality of Ba 73-381 and other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Prince Fredrick, Maryland Determined at
Various Time Periods A-E
Quality.sup.1
Mean of Mean of
Variety A B A and B C D E C-E
______________________________________
Ba 73-381
2.2 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.6 3.1 2.8
Adelphi 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.8
Bristol 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.8
Glade 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.5 1.4 2.5 2.1
Kelly 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.8
Merion 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.6 2.5 2.1
Merit 2.7 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.7
Nugget 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Park 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.7
Vantage 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.8
Victa 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.9
Mean 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.5
LSD (.05)
1.3 1.3 0.72 1.0 0.62
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.sup.1 Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = best
TABLE 11
______________________________________
A Comparison of Quality of Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH
Determined at Times A and B
Quality
Variety A B
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 6.0 7.3
Ba 73-366 7.0 7.3
Abbey 6.3 7.0
Amazon 5.3 5.3
Baron 6.0 6.3
Bristol 5.0 6.0
Coventry 6.0 6.7
Cynthia 5.7 6.7
Gnome 6.0 6.7
Haga 6.7 7.0
Kenblue 6.3 6.3
Merion 5.0 6.3
Merit 6.3 6.7
Midnight 6.0 6.0
Monopoly 6.7 7.7
Park 6.3 6.0
Ram I 6.3 7.7
South Dakota 4.7 6.0
Victa 6.0 7.3
Mean 5.9 6.5
LSD (.05) 1.0 1.0
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = ideal turf
TABLE 12
______________________________________
A Comparison of Quality of Ba 73-381 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties Grown Under Shade Conditions at
Marysville, OH at Various Time Periods A-F
Quality
Variety A B C D E F
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.6
Ba 73-366 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.5
Adelphi 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3
Bristol 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.3
Merion 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.5
Newport 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.1
Nugget 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1
Park 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1
Vantage 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3
Victa 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.5
Mean 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2
LSD (.05) 0.3 0.13 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = best
With regard to a comparative analysis conducted for purposes of determining color of Ba 73-381 plants relative to other Kentucky bluegrass varieties, readings were taken of the the vegetative color of Ba 73-381 during mid-May while the turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability. The readings were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 73-381 was determined to be 5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of similar leaves of other Kentucky bluegrass varieties were determined by the same procedure to be as follows: Ba 73-366 -5 GY 4/4; Ba 73-540 - 5 GY 4/4; Abbey - 5 GY 3/4; and Coventry - 5 GY 4/4. However, it should be noted that the general apparent color of turf does not always correlate directly with the color of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf color varies with nutrient level and time of year with some varieties being darker or lighter green depending on such factors.
Further comparisons of Ba 73-381 with other Kentucky bluegrass varieties for genetic color are set forth hereinafter in Table 13:
TABLE 13
______________________________________
A Comparison of Genetic Color of Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Various Locations in the
U.S.A.
Locations.sup.1
Variety A B C D E E F Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 5.0 6.7 5.0 5.4 7.7 6.7 5.7 6.0
Ba 73-366 4.7 5.7 4.3 4.3 7.0 7.0 5.7 5.5
Abbey 4.0 6.2 5.3 4.3 7.0 6.0 6.7 5.6
Able I 4.7 7.3 8.0 6.0 7.3 7.0 6.0 6.6
A-34 4.0 5.0 3.7 4.3 7.0 6.0 5.3 5.0
Banff 5.7 4.7 4.0 5.0 6.7 6.0 4.0 5.1
Baron 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 7.3 7.3 6.3 6.0
Classic 5.3 5.2 4.3 5.0 6.7 5.7 4.3 5.2
Coventry 5.3 5.8 5.7 4.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 5.9
Eclipse 5.0 7.0 6.3 5.3 7.3 6.3 7.0 6.3
Estate 4.7 6.2 5.7 5.3 6.7 6.7 5.7 5.8
Georgetown
4.0 5.0 4.7 5.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.2
Glade 5.3 7.3 7.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.7
Gnome 5.3 5.5 5.7 4.7 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.0
Haga 4.3 5.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 6.0 4.3 5.1
Kelly 4.7 6.2 4.7 4.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 5.6
Kenblue 3.7 4.3 3.7 3.7 7.0 6.0 4.0 4.6
Marquis 5.0 6.5 5.3 5.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.1
Merion 4.3 6.7 6.3 4.3 7.0 5.3 6.0 5.7
Merit 5.0 6.3 4.7 4.3 7.0 7.0 5.3 5.7
Midnight 6.0 7.7 8.3 6.3 8.0 7.7 6.0 7.1
Monopoly 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.7 4.0 4.8
Nassau 5.7 6.7 5.7 5.0 8.0 6.7 4.7 6.0
Ram I 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.7
South Dakota
4.0 5.2 3.0 3.0 7.0 5.3 4.0 4.5
Touchdown 4.7 6.3 4.3 4.7 7.3 6.3 5.0 5.5
LSD (.05) 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.5
______________________________________
Ratings Scale: 1-9; 9 = dark green
.sup.1 Locations:
A. Fort Collins, CO;
B. Post Falls, ID;
C. North Brunswick, NJ;
D. Marysville, OH;
E. Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR;
F. Haymarket, VA
Ba 73-381 developes good density and a high degree of living ground cover. It has a moderately wide blade as identified by leaf texture data. Also, Ba 73-381 has good seedling vigor. Data for these performance characteristics are presented in Tables 14-17 as follows:
TABLE 14
______________________________________
Comparison of Density of Ba 73-381 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH
Variety Density
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 6.6
Ba 73-366 6.3
Abbey 6.0
Aspen 5.7
A-34 6.0
Banff 6.3
Baron 6.3
Bristol 5.3
Classic 6.7
Coventry 6.7
Eclipse 6.3
Estate 7.3
Georgetown 6.3
Glade 6.7
Gnome 6.3
Haga 6.3
Kelly 6.0
Kenblue 6.0
Marquis 6.3
Merion 4.7
Merit 6.7
Midnight 6.3
Monopoly 6.7
Nassau 5.7
Ram I 7.0
Touchdown 6.0
Victa 6.7
Mean 6.1
LSD (.05) 1.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = most dense cover
TABLE 15
______________________________________
Comparison of Percent Living Ground Cover in the Fall of Ba
73-381, and other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Haymarket,
VA
% Living
Variety Ground Cover
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 50.0
Ba 73-366 21.7
Abbey 31.7
Able I 36.7
A-34 46.7
Banff 46.7
Baron 30.0
Classic 40.0
Coventry 43.3
Eclipse 33.3
Estate 38.3
Georgetown 55.0
Glade 43.3
Gnome 38.3
Haga 58.3
Kelly 43.3
Kenblue 11.7
marquis 35.0
Merion 40.0
Merit 28.3
Midnight 11.7
Monopoly 43.3
Nassau 43.3
Ram I 28.3
South Dakota 30.0
Touchdown 26.7
LSD (.05) 27.4
______________________________________
TABLE 16
______________________________________
Comparison of Leaf Texture of Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Martinsville, NJ
Variety Leaf Texture
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 4.0
Ba 73-366 4.3
Abbey 5.0
Able I 5.7
A-34 4.3
Banff 5.3
Baron 5.0
Classic 5.3
Coventry 5.0
Eclipse 5.7
Estate 4.3
Georgetown 6.0
Glade 5.0
Gnome 5.3
Haga 5.7
Kelly 4.3
Kenblue 6.0
Marquis 4.3
Merion 4.0
Merit 4.7
Midnight 6.7
Monopoly 5.0
Nassau 5.0
Ram I 5.0
South Dakota 3.7
Touchdown 5.3
LSD (.05) 0.9
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = very fine
TABLE 17
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seedling Vigor of Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Various Locations.sup.1 in the
U.S.A. and Canada
Seedling Vigor
Variety Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 6.3
Ba 73-366 6.3
Abbey 6.4
Able I 6.3
A-34 6.0
Banff 7.7
Baron 6.7
Classic 7.1
Coventry 6.1
Eclipse 6.1
Estate 6.1
Georgetown 7.0
Glade 6.7
Gnome 6.3
Haga 7.1
Kelly 6.6
Kenblue 7.4
Marquis 6.3
Merion 2.6
Merit 6.4
Midnight 5.4
Monopoly 7.1
Nassau 6.4
Ram I 6.5
South Dakota 6.7
Touchdown 5.8
LSD (.05) 0.7
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Maximum vigor
.sup.2 Locations: Fort Collins, CO; Post Falls, ID; North Brunswick, NJ;
Adelphia, NJ; Richmond Hill, Ontario; pooled data Halsey, Hubbard and
Gervais, OR.
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf performance among locations and years. Ba 73-381 has been found to have a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot, melting out and crown rot caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called Helminthosporium vagans); a medium to high level of resistance to several rust diseases caused by Puccinia spp., and to stripe smut caused by Utilago striiformis.
Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 73-381 as compared with other bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, rusts, dollarspot, and stripe smut are set forth in Tables 18-23. Additional comparisons are presented in Table 24-26 identifying high speed yields relative to other bluegrasses.
TABLE 18
______________________________________
Ccomparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown Under Shade Conditions at
Marysville, OH
Variety % Leaf Spot
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 0.0
Ba 73-366 0.0
Adelphi 5.0
America 40.0
Banff 2.5
Bristol 0.0
Classic 5.0
Eclipse 2.5
Georgetown 7.5
Glade 7.5
Kenblue 10.0
Merion 0.0
Merit 0.0
Nassau 0.0
Newport 0.0
Park 50.0
Ram I 40.0
Sydsport 27.5
Vantage 2.5
Victa 2.5
Mean 9.8
LSD (.05) 26.7
______________________________________
TABLE 19
______________________________________
Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH
Variety Leaf Spot
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 7.3
Ba 73-366 6.7
Adelphi 6.3
Banff 6.5
Baron 7.0
Bonnieblue 7.0
Bristol 7.3
Classic 6.0
Eclipse 7.0
Georgetown 6.3
Glade 5.3
Kelly 7.0
Kenblue 7.0
Merion 6.7
Merit 7.0
Nassau 7.0
Newport 6.7
Park 6.3
Ram I 6.0
Vantage 6.7
Victa 7.0
Mean 6.8
LSD (.05) 1.1
______________________________________
Ratings Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease.
TABLE 20
______________________________________
Comparison of Powdery Mildew Incidence in Ba 73-381 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown Under Shade
Conditions at Marysville, OH During Time Periods A and B
% Powdery Mildew
Variety A B
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 75.0 55.0
Ba 73-366 80.0 27.5
Adelphi 35.0 37.5
Bristol 30.0 17.5
Glade 35.0 45.0
Merion 75.0 67.5
Monopoly 7.5 15.0
Nassau 27.5 45.0
Park 50.0 35.0
Ram I 50.0 42.5
Vantage 37.5 10.0
Victa 87.5 50.0
Mean 48.0 35.6
LSD (.05) 43.0 22.0
______________________________________
TABLE 21
______________________________________
Comparison of Stem Rust and Leaf Rust Incidence in Ba 73-381
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I.
Variety Stem Rust Leaf Rust
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 7.3 6.3
Ba 73-366 6.7 5.7
Abbey 7.0 6.3
Able I 3.3 7.0
A-34 4.3 6.0
Banff 7.7 7.0
Baron 7.0 8.3
Classic 8.0 8.7
Coventry 6.7 7.0
Eclipse 4.0 5.7
Estate 6.3 6.3
Georgetown 8.7 7.7
Glade 7.7 7.0
Gnome 7.0 6.7
Haga 8.0 7.0
Kelly 8.0 5.0
Kenblue 5.7 6.7
Marquis 6.7 6.3
Merion 1.0 2.3
Merit 6.3 6.0
Midnight 8.0 6.0
Monopoly 6.3 5.3
Nassau 8.0 7.0
Ram I 8.0 6.7
South Dakota 4.3 6.7
Touchdown 2.3 3.7
LSD (.05) 1.4 2.4
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 22
______________________________________
Comparison of Stripe Rust Incidence in Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties developed from pooled data at
Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR
Variety Strive Rust
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 4.7
Ba 73-366 5.0
Abbey 4.3
Able I 6.0
A-34 5.0
Banff 6.0
Baron 6.0
Classic 6.3
Coventry 5.0
Eclipse 6.0
Estate 5.7
Georgetown 6.3
Glade 3.0
Gnome 4.7
Haga 6.3
Kelly 5.0
Kenblue 3.3
Marquis 5.3
Merion 3.7
Merit 5.0
Midnight 4.7
Monopoly 5.3
Nassau 5.3
Ram I 6.0
South Dakota 4.0
Touchdown 3.0
LSD (.05) 1.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 23
______________________________________
Comparison of Stripe Smut Incidence in Ba 73-381 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH
Variety Strive Smut
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 7.0
Ba 73-366 6.3
Adelphi 7.7
America 6.7
Banff 8.0
Baron 8.0
Bonnieblue 8.0
Bristol 7.7
Classic 8.0
Eclipse 7.3
Georgetown 7.7
Glade 7.7
Kelly 6.3
Kenblue 7.0
Merion 7.7
Merit 5.7
Nassau 7.7
Newport 7.3
Park 6.7
Ram I 7.3
Vantage 7.3
Victa 5.0
Mean 7.0
LSD (.05) 1.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = least disease
TABLE 24
______________________________________
Comparison of Seed Yields of Ba 73-381 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, Oregon During Consecutive
Growing Years A-D
Lbs/Acre
Variety A B C D
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 626 1196 740 1261
Bristol 347 808 627 684
Julia 296 1016 -- --
Kelly 672 1136 760 1265
Mosa 322 1060 -- --
Newport 435 1256 -- --
Victa 780 1394 855 1287
LSD (.05) 140 134 105 --
______________________________________
TABLE 25
______________________________________
Comparison of Seed Yields in Pounds Per Acre for Ba 73-381
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Over a 3 year Period
at Gervais, Oregon
Lbs/Acre
Variety Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
______________________________________
Ba 73-381 970 1306 558
Ba 73-366 920 1258 521
Abbey 1124 1314 629
Apart 1244 851 812
Coventry 786 914 649
Newport 1165 1002 1177
LSD (.05) 209 176 158
______________________________________
TABLE 26
______________________________________
Comparison of Seed Yields in Pounds Per Acre for Ba 73-381
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at La Grande, Oregon
Variety Lbs/Acre
______________________________________
Ba 73-381
1,551
Ba 73-366
1,612
Abbey 1,549
Coventry
1,046
LSD (.05)
160
______________________________________
Claims
1. A variety of Kentucky bluegrass, substantially as shown and described, characterized by a medium to high level of resistance to several serious diseases, including leaf spot and melting out disease, several rust diseases, and stripe smut, a desirable green color throughout the growing season, forms a turf of good quality under a wide variety of environmental conditions, has a moderately wide blade and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
Type: Grant
Filed: Sep 19, 1994
Date of Patent: Jul 18, 1995
Assignee: OMS Investments, Inc. (Wilmington, DE)
Inventors: Virgil D. Meier (Marysville, OH), J. Kevin Turner (South Salem, OR), Eugene W. Mayer (Marysville, OH)
Primary Examiner: James R. Feyrer
Law Firm: Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue
Application Number: 8/308,699
International Classification: A01H 500;
