Light source with non-white and phosphor-based white LED devices, and LCD assembly
A light source incorporates phosphor-based white light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs may be raised off the floor of the optical cavity to permit light to be emitted from the base of the LED. Additionally, a reflective protrusion may be placed beneath the raised LED to aid in redirecting light forward. The LEDs may be skewed in relation to adjacent LEDs to reduce interference. Non-white LEDs may be incorporated into the light source to permit for selective color tuning. Fluorescent lamps may also be implemented in combination with the LEDs to form a hybrid light source. The light source may be used as a backlight for a liquid crystal display assembly.
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Notice: More than one reissue application has been filed for the reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,567. The reissue applications are application Ser. No. 11/788,399 (the present application), Ser. No. 11/788,398(filed concurrently herewith), and Ser. No. 11/316,597, all of which are divisional reissues of U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,567.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Technical Field
The present invention generally relates to lighting systems, and more particularly, to light sources implementing light emitting diodes (LEDs).
2. Background
Many industries and applications need backlighting to illuminate an information source. In particular, transmissive liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have become very popular in many electronic media. LCDs are useful in applications such as, but not limited to, displays in avionics, laptop computers, video cameras, and automatic teller machine displays. However, many LCDs require backlighting to illuminate the information being displayed.
Many systems perform the backlighting function in conventional displays. For example, one way to backlight an information source employs an array of conventional straight tubular fluorescent lamps. While these conventional lamps are inexpensive and do not require complex electronic controls, they are sometimes inadequate for particular applications. For instance, in avionics applications, the poor color quality of the phosphors and the short lamp life of these conventional lamps, among other shortcomings, limit their usefulness.
To avoid the various problems with conventional lamps, many manufacturers employ customized lamps, such as tubular serpentine lamps. Unlike conventional fluorescent lamp arrays, custom-made serpentine lamps commonly provide good color characteristics, light luminance uniformity, and long lamp life. These lamps are typically hand made, and consequently, are comparatively costly. Moreover, these lamps. are extremely fragile and difficult to install. Therefore, while custom-made tubular serpentine lamps may meet certain standards for the backlighting function, the high cost and fragility associated with these lamps detract from the advantages they offer.
A third alternative for backlighting information sources is flat fluorescent lamps. An exemplary flat fluorescent lamp, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,343,116, issued Aug. 30, 1994, to Winsor, comprises a substrate fritted to a transparent cover lid, forming an enclosure. Diffuse channels are formed into the substrate in the interior of the enclosure. Standard phosphors are added to the interior of the enclosure which is further flushed with a material for emitting energy, such as argon or mercury. Energy is emitted in the form of visible light when an electric potential is introduced to the lamp by two electrodes, with one electrode placed at each end of the diffuse channel. Such lamps potentially offer greater ruggedness and lower manufacturing costs than serpentine tubular lamp alternatives. However, these lamps are still costly to manufacture and are difficult to repair.
Yet another alternative for backlighting information sources implements LEDs. The use of LEDs as light sources can be advantageous for several reasons. LEDs have a long life, which reduces the frequency for replacing non-functioning diodes. Further, when it is time to replace an LED, replacement is easier and more cost effective than when replacing a fluorescent light source. Additionally, LEDs are mechanically robust, i.e., they can typically withstand greater shocks and vibration than conventional fluorescent lights. Referring now to
As shown in
Conventional LED lighting systems, however, fail to perform adequately for many backlighting applications, such as avionics, in which strict display performance requirements restrict their use. For example, LEDs typically use power less efficiently than conventional fluorescent lamps to produce comparable light intensity. Further, a conventional fluorescent lamp relies on phosphors which have narrowly defined spectral emission peaks that must be carefully controlled to provide repeatable color output. Control of the phosphor mixture to produce production-quality lamps requires significant investment of time and effort to maintain a uniform mixture, produce an acceptable color point, and ensure color purity based on phosphor chemistry. Moreover, in conventional white LEDs, the spectral emission is dominated by the blue spectral emission, and thus, the resulting “white” light is heavily shifted toward the blue spectrum. This shift limits the usefulness of LED light sources in backlighting applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA light source according to various aspects of the present invention comprises LEDs raised above the floor of the optical cavity. The raised LEDs may optionally have a protrusion under the LED for assisting in redirecting light. In another embodiment, adjacent LEDs may be skewed relative to one another to reduce absorption and reflection among the LEDs. In a further embodiment, non-white LEDs may be incorporated into the light source to permit selective color tuning. In an alternative embodiment, a hybrid light source may be created when fluorescent lamps are augmented with LEDs. These LEDs, which may optionally be raised above the floor of the optical cavity, may also optionally have a protrusion beneath. the raised LED.
The subject matter of the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the claims and the accompanying drawings, in which like parts may be referred to by like numerals:
FIG. 4. is a perspective view of an elevated diode in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
The ensuing descriptions are preferred exemplary embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the ensuing descriptions provide a convenient description for implementing various exemplary embodiments of light sources according to various aspects of the present invention, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in the preferred embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Referring now to
The power source provides appropriate power supply and control to operate the lamp. The power source may provide power in any appropriate form, such as AC electrical current, and may control the power in any suitable manner, for example in conjunction with a voltage source with current limiting resistance, a constant current source, or a pulse width modulated current source,
LED 400 may be any LED suitable for the application, such as a phosphor-based white LED sold by Nichia Corp, Tokushima, Japan. The color, type, configuration, performance, and other characteristics may be selected according to any appropriate criteria. In the present embodiment, LED 400 includes a diode 402 encased in a translucent rectangular package 404. The LED 400 is raised by a support system 405 such that the base of LED 400 is elevated above the floor 410 of optical cavity 502. For example, the support system 405 suitably comprises a pair of L-brackets 406 and 408 attached to either side of the LED 400 to support the LED 400 above the floor 410. L-brackets 406 and 408 may be affixed to floor 410 according to any suitable technique, such as by an adhesive, fastener or solder. Any support system 405 that raises the LED 400 above floor 410, for example, by using raised, a support matrix, or the like, may be used to support the LED 400.
The support system 405 may further connect the LED 400 to the power source. For example, in the present embodiment, the L-brackets 406 and 408 may be constructed of a suitable electrically conductive material that supports the, LED above the surface of the floor 410, such as copper or beryllium. A lead frame 412 electrically connects the diode 402 with L-brackets 406 and 408. L-brackets 406 and 408 are suitably connected to a printed circuit board which is connected to the power source, for example through control electronics.
In configurations where LEDs 400 are raised above floor 410, as in
In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, the light emitted by the light source may be further enhanced by arranging the LEDs in an array that reduces any absorptive or reflective effects of adjacent LEDs. For example, referring to
Several variations in the orientation of the LEDs may be implemented to enhance light output. For example, referring now to
A light source according to various aspects of the invention may further be configured to exhibit improved spectral characteristics. In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, non-white LEDs, preferably, red, green, and blue LEDs, and more preferably red and green LEDs, may be incorporated into the light source as described and constructed in
The non-white LEDs may be configured in the light source in a variety of manners, including, but not limited to, clustering the different LED types together, and by laying down each color in separate rows. Further, non-white LEDs may be randomly dispersed throughout the light source with white LEDs, and may also be used in combination with fluorescent lamps as described below. The non-white LEDs may be mounted directly on the floor of the optical cavity, or as described in detail above, or they may be elevated above the optical cavity floor, and further, they may optionally be elevated above reflective protrusions as described above.
By incorporating non-white LEDs, multiple-wavelength LED light sources are introduced into a diffuse optical cavity to allow color mixing, with the purpose of increasing the color saturation of an LED-based backlight to increase its usefulness in lighting an LCD panel. These emission spectra allow tuning of the color balance of the backlight by actively driving the LEDs or selectively enhancing particular colors to achieve a desired balance. This tunability allows one LED backlight to be used with a wide variety of LCD panels possessing different combinations of color filters. It also allows active tuning of the color balance of an LED-based light source across the color spectrum, limited only by the saturation of the individual color elements comprising the backlight.
-
- To exploit the advantages of both LEDs and fluorescent light sources, a hybrid light source may incorporate both LEDs and fluorescent lights. Referring to
FIG. 10 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment according to various aspects of the present invention, a light source 1000 has an optical cavity 1002 containing alternating rows of tubular fluorescent lamps and LEDs. An optional reflective cavity 1028 may be added to the light source to further enhance light output. In accordance with this exemplary embodiment, six tubular fluorescent lamps 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010, 1012, and 1014 are arranged in a parallel configuration within the optical cavity 1002. The fluorescent lamps may be mounted in any suitable manner, for example, by using a support to mount the fluorescent lamp in optical cavity 1002. Fluorescent lamps 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010, 1012, and 1014 may be any commercially available tubular fluorescent lamp. These lamps may be either hot cathode or cold cathode lamps and may have a variety of shapes, including, but not limited to, straight, U-shaped (e.g., as elements 1106, 1108, and 1110 are illustrated in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11), and serpentine fluorescent lamps (e.g., as element 1206 is illustrated in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12).
- To exploit the advantages of both LEDs and fluorescent light sources, a hybrid light source may incorporate both LEDs and fluorescent lights. Referring to
LEDs may be interspersed among the fluorescent lamps in a variety of configurations in the hybrid light source. As seen in
It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the configurations described above. For example, referring to
Referring now to
Referring now to
It should be appreciated that in all embodiments of the present invention any number of LEDs and fluorescent lamps may be used according to the particular application or design criteria of the backlight or the display. As such, the drawing figures and the present description are only meant to illustrate exemplary embodiments in accordance with the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the configurations illustrated herein.
Thus, a light source incorporating LEDs and fluorescent lamps according to various aspects of the present invention provides several features and advantages, such as light output uniformity. In addition, the above descriptions are preferred exemplary embodiments only, and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Various modifications, substitutions, and other applications of the present embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A light source, comprising:
- an optical cavity having a floor;
- at least one light emitting diode (LED) having a top and a bottom coupled to said floor such that said bottom of said at least one light emitting diode is elevated above said floor of said optical cavity; and
- a reflective protrusion located below said at least one LED.
2. A light source comprising:
- an optical cavity having a floor;
- at least one fluorescent lamp coupled to said optical cavity; and
- at least two LEDs coupled to said optical cavity, wherein adjacent said at least two LEDs are skewed at approximately 45° relative to one another.
3. A light source comprising:
- an optical cavity having a floor;
- at least one fluorescent lamp coupled to said optical cavity; and
- at least two LEDs coupled to said optical cavity, wherein adjacent said at least two LEDs are perpendicular to one another.
4. A light source comprising:
- an optical cavity having a floor;
- at least one fluorescent lamp coupled to said optical cavity; and
- at least one LED coupled to said optical cavity, wherein said at least one LED is coupled with said optical cavity such that said LED is elevated from said floor of said optical cavity.
5. A light source according to claim 4 further comprising a protrusion on said floor positioned beneath said elevated LED.
6. A light source comprising:
- an optical cavity having a floor;
- at least two fluorescent lamps coupled to said optical cavity; and
- at least one LED coupled to said optical cavity, wherein two of said fluorescent lamps are located at opposing sides of said optical cavity, and said LEDs are located at intervals around substantially the perimeter of said optical cavity.
7. A method of manufacturing a light source comprising the steps of:
- providing an optical cavity having a floor;
- mounting at least one LED having a top and bottom in said optical cavity such that said bottom of said LED is elevated above said floor of said optical cavity; and
- providing a protrusion below said at least at one LED.
8. A method of manufacturing a light source comprising the steps of:
- providing an optical cavity having a floor;
- mounting at least one LED having a top and bottom in said optical cavity such that said bottom of said LED is elevated above said floor of said optical cavity; and
- mounting at least one fluorescent lamp in said optical cavity.
9. A light source comprising:
- an optical cavity having a floor;
- a plurality of fluorescent lamps coupled to said optical cavity substantially parallel to one other; and
- a plurality of LEDs coupled to said optical cavity interspersed among said fluorescent lamps, wherein said plurality of LEDs are coupled to said optical cavity, said plurality of LEDs having tops and bottoms and being coupled to said optical cavity such that said bottoms of said LEDs are elevated above said floor.
10. A light source comprising:
- an optical cavity;
- a plurality of first light-emitting diodes each of which is a phosphor light-emitting diode that emits white light, each first light-emitting diode comprising a diode encased in a light-transmitting package;
- a plurality of second light-emitting diodes each of which emits non-white light, each second light-emitting diode comprising a diode encased in a light-transmitting package;
- wherein the first and second light-emitting diodes are arranged to emit light into the optical cavity such that mixing of spectral outputs from the first and second light-emitting diodes occurs in the optical cavity.
11. A light source of claim 10, further comprising at least one third light-emitting diode having a spectral output different from those of the first and second light-emitting diodes.
12. A light source of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the second light-emitting diodes is a red output.
13. A light source of claim 11, wherein the spectral output of the third light-emitting diode is a green output.
14. A light source of claim 13, further comprising at least one fourth light-emitting diode having a blue output.
15. A liquid crystal display assembly comprising:
- a backlight including: an optical cavity; a plurality of first light-emitting diodes each of which is a phosphor light-emitting diode that emits white light, each first light-emitting diode comprising a diode encased in a light-transmitting package; a plurality of second light-emitting diodes each of which emits non-white light, each second light-emitting diode comprising a diode encased in a light-transmitting package; wherein spectral outputs of the first and second light-emitting diodes are operative to tune a color balance of the backlight; wherein the first and second light-emitting diodes are arranged to emit light into the optical cavity such that mixing of the spectral outputs from the first and second light-emitting diodes occurs in the optical cavity; and
- a liquid crystal display panel positioned adjacent to the backlight so as to be illuminated by the backlight.
16. A liquid crystal display assembly of claim 15, further comprising at least one filter that is configured to be used with the liquid crystal display panel and the backlight.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Apr 19, 2007
Date of Patent: Sep 14, 2010
Assignee: Honeywell International, Inc. (Morristown, NJ)
Inventors: Alan Stuart Feldman (Phoenix, AZ), Brian David Cull (Massillon, OH), Dennis Michael Davey (Glendale, AZ)
Primary Examiner: Ismael Negron
Attorney: Alston & Bird LLP
Application Number: 11/788,399
International Classification: G09F 13/04 (20060101); F21V 9/00 (20060101); F21S 4/00 (20060101);