Abstract: This invention relates to a computer controlled fuel system for an internal combustion engine including a low profile carburetor for permitting engine operation on very lean fuel/air ratios without sacrificing engine performance during critical engine operations such as start up, warm-up and acceleration. The low profile carburetor provides a single point source fuel dispersion and includes one or more throttle controlled, sliding plates for increasing fuel entrainment at low engine speeds by increasing the velocity of the airstream flow through the carburetor just before the dispersion point and by maximizing the lateral distance between the point of fuel dispersion and the carburetor airstream. The computer controlled system includes various threshold circuits for providing additional fuel and/or water injection into the carburetor airstream upon detection of predetermined engine conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the proportions of the air-fuel mixture constituents supplied to an internal combustion engine from a mixture preparing device such as a carburator, a fuel injection device or other suitable mixture preparing device. The method according to the invention serves to simplify the processing of output signals that are supplied to a mixture preparing device having at least two .lambda. sensors. The invention is especially suitable for use with large engines with several exhaust conduit systems, such as so-called V-engines, in which generally there is an unequal mixture distribution between the two rows of cylinders. By employing at least two .lambda. sensors in the exhaust gas conduit system for monitoring the exhaust gas composition, one succeeds in determining the mixture composition of the air-fuel mixture applied to all cylinders, and in influencing the air-fuel mixture in a suitable supplementary manner by a feed back of the actual value signals generated by the .lambda.

Abstract: In a system including a carburetor for regulating the air/fuel ratio fed to an internal combustion engine, a sensor is positioned in the exhaust pipe to provide a control signal indicating the amount of some exhaust gas constituent, such as oxygen. A control circuit is provided to regulate the position of a carburetor component, to change the air/fuel ratio as a function of the control signal derived from the exhaust gas sensor. This carburetor component is continually displaced, either toward a richer or leaner mixture condition, thus in effect integrating the signal from the exhaust gas sensor which ultimately regulates the air/fuel ratio. Operation of the control circuit is modified as a function of the engine speed and the engine temperature.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for an internal combustion engine of the back pressure control type which includes a chamber space which is positioned at a middle portion of an exhaust gas recirculation passage and upstream of an exhaust gas recirculation control valve and downstream of an orifice and which is maintained substantially at atmospheric pressure, wherein the orifice is adapted to provide effective opening area which is variable between a substantial partial opening and full opening in accordance with engine temperature.

Abstract: An air intake system for a Diesel engine has an air intake passage defined by a tubular wall in which EGR openings are formed for the recirculation of engine exhaust gases. The rate of the flow of the exhaust gases through the EGR openings is controlled by EGR valve which is rotatable with a throttle valve disposed in the air intake passage. Either when the engine temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature level or when the vacuum in the air intake passage downstream of the throttle valve with the latter being in its idle position exceeds a predetermined vacuum level in absolute value, either a bypass passage is open or the throttle valve is moved from the idle position to a more opened position, whereby the engine intake air is increased.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is disclosed which comprises a plurality of cylinders split into first and second groups, the first group of cylinders held in operation independently of engine load conditions, the second group of cylinders having no supply of fuel and fresh air so as to be placed out of operation when the engine is under low load conditions, an exhaust passage connected to the exhaust ports of the first and second groups of cylinders, a sensor provided within the exhaust passage for detecting the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust passage, control means responsive to an output of the sensor for controlling the air/fuel ratio of a mixture produced in each cylinder to an optimum value, an exahust gas purifier provided in the exhaust passage for purifying the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust passage, an exhaust gas recirculation passage having its one end connected to the intake passage of the second group of cylinders and the other end connected to the

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a relatively large main induction system that supplies the engine charge requirements at partial and full load and a relatively small cross-sectional area auxiliary induction system that provides the charge requirements at idle and low load conditions. An exhaust gas recirculating system is also incorporated with a control whereby exhaust gases are recirculated to the engine combustion chambers only at the time when the auxiliary induction system is supplying the major portion of the engine charge requirements. This permits effective combustion control without necessitating modifications to the conventional spark timing device of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation control system for controlling the amount of exhaust gas subjected to recirculation to the air inlet depending on the amount of inlet air of an internal combustion engine. This system comprises a control valve disposed in an exhaust gas recirculation passage, for controlling the amount of exhaust gas recirculation, an orifice disposed in the recirculation passage, for creating a negative pressure upstream of the control valve, and a solenoid valve for generating a pressure which controls the control valve.

Abstract: An exhaust gas flow control valve apparatus comprising a rotary valve shaft extending across the exhaust passage in the exhaust housing. The shaft has an end portion projecting from the exhaust housing. A bimetallic element is mounted on the end portion of the shaft. A hollow collar is sealingly fitted onto the end portion of the shaft. A compression spring is arranged at one end of the shaft, so as to urge the hollow collar against the wall of the exhaust housing, for preventing leakage of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A fuel heat recovery system and control valve therefor for use in the fuel system of a diesel engine wherein the fuel system includes a fuel tank connected by a supply conduit means, including at least one fuel filter and a fuel pump to the engine. The fuel pump is used to supply fuel at a predetermined pressure to a plurality of fuel injectors of the engine, the fuel injectors also being connected to a fuel return conduit whereby fuel supplied to the injectors in excess of that injected by the injectors can be returned to the fuel tank, this excess or surplus fuel normally being heated by the engine. A temperature responsive fuel flow control valve is connected to the fuel return conduit upstream of the fuel tank and to the supply conduit between the fuel tank and the fuel filter whereby to control the flow of the heated surplus fuel for flow either back to the supply tank or back to the engine as a function of the temperature of fuel being supplied to the engine.

Abstract: A device for adjusting the intake air temperature of a carburetor-equipped internal combustion engine whose air intake system has a flapper valve in a duct junction admitting cold raw air and/or preheated raw air to the intake filter, depending on the raw air temperature, the flapper valve position being controlled by a pneumatic membrane actuator which receives negative pressure from the intake manifold, via a vacuum line with a thermostat-controlled relief valve responsive to the temperature of the air mixture. In the drive connection between the membrane actuator and the flapper is arranged a wax thermostat which increases or decreases the effective length of the connection in response to the ambient air temperature, thereby adding the thermostat displacements to the actuator displacements, the effective length of the drive connection being further adjustable by means of a threaded connection which is arranged between the membrane support body of the actuator and the wax thermostat.

Abstract: An air induction system which reduces the fuel odor and noise of a diesel engine includes two acoustically insulating baffle elements which cover a fuel pump, fuel pipes and fuel injectors and cause the air inducted by the engine to pass through an air filter interposed between the baffle elements, thereby inducting the fumes from the fuel system along respective pipes which extend across the top of the engine into respective cylinder air induction ducts.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for controlling at least one electrical switching element in internal combustion engines, particularly the main relay of the voltage supply, in accordance with one operating characteristic and with a switch position which indicates an operating condition, in which the signal corresponding to the operating characteristic can be fed to a storage device whose charging and/or discharging process can be influenced by the switch relative to the ignition with the value of the storage signal serving to control the electrical switching element. Furthermore, the signal in accordance with the operating condition and, indirectly or directly, corresponding to the operating characteristic can be fed to a connection point whose output signal can be switched to a switching device for heating the heating wire in an air flow rate meter to a red-hot condition.

Abstract: A control arrangement for a supercharged diesel engine, which is equipped with an injection pump and with a governor at the injection pump, as well as with a full-load abutment movable as a function of the engine rotational speed for the limitation or release of the injection quantity. The full-load abutment is thereby constructed as three-dimensional cam which is dependent in the direction of its second dimension on a magnitude changing analogously to the supercharging degree or on the supercharging pressure.

Abstract: A fuel pressure-regulating valve for an electronic fuel injection system for internal combustion engines including a body member having an inlet port and an outlet port, a diaphragm dividing the interior of the body member into two chambers, a piston secured to the diaphragm and having a hollow stem with a fuel passageway therethrough, a valve responsive to the movement of the piston for controlling the communication between the inlet port and outlet port, and a bushing inserted securely in the hollow stem of the piston. Aligned apertures in the hollow stem and the bushing provide communication between the inlet port and the valve, the outer periphery of the bushing adjacent the apertures therein being flattened to provide gaps between the bushing and the hollow stem for preventing reduction of flow through the aligned aperture in case of slight misalignment of the apertures.

Abstract: To prevent misfires, the current through an ignition coil is increased in response to an error signal indicating that the actual spark duration was less than a predetermined minimum spark duration. At the start of the spark, a capacitor is discharged at a known rate. The time required for the voltage across the capacitor to reach a predetermined level is the desired spark duration. This regulation of ignition current causes the spark duration to be very close to the minimum spark duration, thereby cutting losses in the apparatus.

Abstract: A fireplace heat exchanger unit including a forward section disposed outside of the fireplace and a rearward section disposed within the fireplace. The forward section provides upper air inlet openings for admitting cool air into an air inlet chamber and a pair of lower air outlet openings having electric blowers for discharging warmed air from air outlet chambers housing electric blowers. The rearward section is generally U-shaped and provides a duct connection between the inlet and outlet chambers. It is disposed about the heat source and the duct connection provides air heating chambers to warm the air during passage from the inlet to the outlet chambers.

Abstract: A hot water boiler having a dual combustion chamber arrangement capable of burning either solid or fluid fuels, and arranged for acting directly on a heat transfer system generally in direct contact with firebox walls of the combustion chamber arrangement. Disposed atop the combustion chamber arrangement is a heat conserving flue assembly which absorbs heat from smoke and flue gases exhausted from the combustion chamber arrangement and heats a fluid medium which in turn is circulated to the heat transfer means for eventual release for circulation or storage as desired in a residence or other building structure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a building having a central unit defined and enclosed by a peripheral main section therearound. The central unit has a transparent roof to permit the passage of solar energy therethrough to heat the air and other contents of a courtyard thereunder. The central unit also has a heat storage mass under the courtyard for storage and retrieval of energy during selected periods. The edges of the dome rest upon the walls of the main section defining the courtyard. Such walls rest upon the foundation walls defining the heat storage section containing the heat storage mass.

Abstract: An interface circuit for adding a solar heat system to a building having a building heating and cooling system and having a building thermostat system, the interface circuit being especially wired to be compatibly interposed between the building thermostat system and the building heating and cooling system without rewiring the latter and being also connected to the solar heat system, the interface circuit thereby adding the solar system as a heat source, and the interface circuit automatically substituting the solar source for the building heating system when heat is called for at a level within the capability of the solar system to supply.

Abstract: A solar heat collecting apparatus which comprises a cylindrical outer member through which solar heat energy may be penetrated, a cylindrical inner member capable of absorbing solar heat energy disposed in said outer member, the inside of said inner member being formed as a passage for a heating medium, and end plates through which the end portions of said inner member are hermetically projected and for hermetically closing the open ends of said outer member, said end plates being provided at the peripheries thereof with annular grooves to be charged with bonding material, said annular grooves having the outer peripheral walls lower than the inner peripheral walls thereof to prevent said bonding material from flowing from the annular grooves toward the centers of said end plates over the inner peripheral walls, thereby to prevent the occurrence of cracks in the solidified bonding material and to subsequently prevent the break of a vacuum formed in the inside of said outer member, whereby the apparatus is impr

Abstract: An intracorporeal, extracorporeal, cardiac assist, perfusion device or other pulsatile blood pumping system for circulating blood within living tissue under automatic control. Plural physiologic parameters of the tissue are monitored and utilized to control plural operating parameters of the pump during succeeding cycles of its operation so as to restore the monitored physiologic parameters to desired predetermined (but adjustable) values.

Abstract: A device for air-massage comprises an air inflatable bag and an elastic element connectively surmounted thereon. The elastic element may be moved by feeding or exhausting an air into or from the air inflatable bag, thereby to obtain a massage effect on a body portion.

Abstract: A surgical immobilizing bandage and the like which are quite excellent in various properties of moldability, durability, lightness in weight, water resistance, X-ray transmittance and so forth. The surgical immobilizing bandage of the invention is composed of the main constituent of an aliphatic polyester polymer or a mixture of aliphatic polyester polymers which are synthesized from aliphatic diols and saturated dicarboxylic acids. Further, the above bandage is prepared by impregnating an elastic fabric with a composition containing the above aliphatic polyester polymers, coloring agents and fillers.

Abstract: A body fluid absorbent bandage is provided for open and weeping body wounds, comprising, in combination;(1) at least two bandage-supporting base layer pieces for juxtaposed attachment to the body about substantially the entire periphery of the wound or injury, and surrounding it, but leaving the wound open and exposed;(2) an intermediate foraminous sheet for attachment to the base layer as an intermediate layer extending across and bridging the wound; and(3) an absorbent outer layer for attachment to the intermediate layer in a manner to extend across and cover the intermediate layer at least in the region over the wound within the surrounding base layer, the absorbent outer layer comprising at least in the region over the wound a particulate absorbent material having a water absorptivity of at least 50 mm/10 min according to Klemm, and an envelope of body fluid-pervious sheet material enclosing and retaining the absorbent material in a convex shape at least in the region over the wound; the absorbent outer l

Abstract: A surgical dressing arrangement is disclosed herein which comprises a pad having an integral layer of absorbent material sized to fit the perineal area of a person. The pad is generally rectangular and an attaching flap is connected to the rear of the pad. The flap extends and is secured to the person by attachment to a belt or by other suitable means. A strap is attached to each corner of the front end of the pad and each extends and is secured, for example, to the belt. A portion of the straps adjacent the pad may comprise a layer of absorbent material, which may be integral with the absorbent material of the pad.

Abstract: An emergency breathing hood for use with a breathing apparatus has a plastic hood made of a gas-impermeable, flame-resistant and transparent plastic film for covering the head of the wearer, a mouthpiece secured to and extending through the plastic hood, for providing a connection between the wearer's mouth and the breathing apparatus, and a nose blocking device for blocking the gas inflow into the nostrils and inhibiting outflow from the nostrils of the user, the nose blocking device being a cylindrically shaped device supported within the hood so that the cylindrically shaped device is positioned in front of and in contact with the wearer's nostrils when the hood is worn, and a thin elastic material over the cylindrically shaped device and extending over an area effective for covering the wearer's nostrils.

Abstract: A pair of nose pads are connected to the ends of a spring clip that presses the pads against the sides of the nose of the wearer. The connection between the spring and pads is such that the pads can tilt freely relative to the spring clip to avoid discomfort.

Abstract: A breathing apparatus flow device has a hollow housing with a bottom opening to receive the upper end of a chemical canister neck, a side opening for connection to a breathing bag, and a top opening for connection to an exhalation tube. Slidably mounted in rigid downwardly extending tubular means in the housing is a hollow open end plunger that extends below the housing and is urged downwardly by a coil spring. A cylindrical resilient seal encircles the lower portion of the tubular means in engagement therewith and extends below it and inwardly into engagement with the plunger to seal the space between the tubular means and the plunger.

Abstract: An anesthesia ventilation system for controlling gas flow through a patient breathing circuit by the inflation and deflation of a bellows that is outwardly expandable in a predetermined direction comprises a relief valve mounted in an outwardly expandable portion of the bellows, with the valve being biased to a normally closed position but being openable by an external pressure applied against the valve. A valve actuating member mounted in the bellows canister top plate in an adjustable position relative to the bellows engages and opens the valve and relieves the pressure in the bellows after the bellows has expanded outwardly a predetermined distance. The engagement of the valve actuating member with the valve also serves to block further outward expansion of the bellows. This limits the volume of gas contained in the bellows to a predetermined maximum amount.

Abstract: A device for delivering gas to a patient comprises a unitary mask member for overlying the patient's nose and mouth and having an upper peripheral surface for lying in sealing engagement against the nose and cheeks, and a lower peripheral surface contiguous therewith disposed outwardly from the face, and a gas delivery member extending along the mask interior having orifices for delivering gas.

Abstract: A respiratory control comprising a mouthpiece of a shape and size for insertion in a person's mouth having a centrally located filtering cartridge and valve means to control the flow of air past the filtering material on inhale and out a separate exhale corridor on exhale so that the exhaled bacterial, virus or otherwise contaminated air is never mixed with the filtered and enhanced air and the filter is kept clean of contaminated air at all times. Thus, the inhalation of infectious substances of whatever type exhaled, or in the immediate area, are not recycled back into the body.The filtering cartridge is a removable throwaway insert which can be simply plain, (dry), or medicated and can be made available as a sealed package purchasable separately from the mouthpiece and disposed after use.In one embodiment the valve means is part of the filtering cartridge and in a second embodiment the valve means is part of the mouthpiece.

Abstract: An emergency resuscitation apparatus is provided by an endotracheal tube having a tracheal obturator and a second expandable cuff for sealing against the pharyngeal tissues to provide an alternate sealing means for respiratory fluids if the blind intubation is not successful. A laryngeal tube passes through this pharyngeal obturator for alternatively introducing respiratory fluids into the lungs through the larynx. The endotracheal tube may also be used as an esophageal obturator and inserted without the intubating guide means. The endotracheal and laryngeal tubes may be individually accessed from outside the patient. An inflation system is provided to expand the cuffs. When low pressure cuffs are used, a mouthpiece is provided for inflating the cuffs by breathing. A face shield supports the extending tubes and insures intubation to a correct depth.

Abstract: The present blood flow monitoring and control apparatus is especially use in connection with the so-called single needle technique, for example, for treatments such as dialysis, perfusion, or diafiltration. The blood pressure control is accomplished by a measuring chamber including a pressure equalizing device operatively connected between the blood cleaning apparatus and the blood pump. Sensors are operatively connected to the volume measuring chamber. The volume sensors provide electric control input signals to a control circuit which in turn controls the blood pumps and/or valves. A reading may be provided on a display or an alarm may be given when the blood pressure or blood quantity or volume is not within predetermined limits as calculated by an electronic computer.

Abstract: An infusion catheter assembly, which includes a catheter unit and an insertion needle unit, is provided with fins extending from the head of the insertion needle unit. The fins may be gripped by the fingers and pivoted inward to firmly engage the catheter unit during insertion of the catheter unit into a vein.

Abstract: A pistol-like casing provides for mounting a tubular holder containing a syringe in the gun barrel portion of the casing so it may be cocked in the withdrawn position against the force of a spring and released by movement of an arresting pawl. Pulling back a trigger advances a push rod that first trips the pawl, then brings force to bear against the piston rod of the syringe. After the needle is driven into the skin by the release of the pawl and the actuating mechanism has been brought to bear against the syringe piston-rod, the injection of the syringe contents can proceed under control of hand feel without any necessity of changing or shifting the hand grip, by simply continuing to pull the trigger back.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sealing material for use in connection with ostomy devices, particularly stoma pouches, to surround and protect a stoma in the human body. The improvement is that the material is a shaped, gel-like composition composed of a largely continuous phase consisting of a physically cross-linked elastomer or a mixture of such elastomers, and preferably, but optionally, one or more hydrocarbon tackifier resins and likewise optionally, but preferably, an oil extender; and distributed in the continuous phase one or more hydrocolloids. The gel-like composition has a low resistance to quick deformation and a rapid recovery to the original shape after deformation.

Abstract: An improved absorbent product, such as a disposable diaper type garment having a wetness indicator disposed between a translucent cover member and an absorbent member. The improvement relates to providing a flexible pH-change/color-change wetness indicator coating on a surface portion of the product which is visible through the cover member, and which retains sharp edge definition of the coated surface portion when wetted; for instance, by urine. The coating is preferably applied in the form of a stripe to a portion of the inwardly facing surface of a backsheet of a disposable diaper. Such a coating comprises a solid-solid mixture (e.g., solution) of a pH-change/color-change type material dispersed in a matrix of adhesive material which coating is sufficiently flexible to not substantially impair the flexibility of the product, and which coating is sufficiently adhesive and flexible to remain on the coated surface portion through a normal period of use of the product.

Abstract: A surgical cutting instrument includes an electrically heated cutting edge and a power supply system for maintaining the cutting edge at a constant high temperature for sterilizing the blade, cutting tissue and cauterizing the incised tissue to reduce hemorrhage from the cut surfaces of the tissues (hemostasis).

Abstract: A safety monitoring circuit for use in an electrosurgical unit is disclosed. The circuit is useful to indicate a fault in the return path between an RF source and a patient electrode in contact with a patient to prevent electrical burns to the patient that can occur due to improper patient contact with the patient electrode or a break in the return path. The circuit includes a current sensor connected in series in the return path to the RF source, which sensor provides an output indicative of the sensed current that is coupled through a DC amplifier to a comparator, the comparator providing an output only if a predetermined threshold is exceeded. When a comparator output is provided, a timer is triggered to energize, for a predetermined period of time, an alarm to indicate a sensed fault and/or actuate disabling circuitry to terminate application of electrical energy to the active electrode utilized in electrosurgery for cutting or coagulation.

Abstract: A data acquisition head for an ultrasonic imaging system which employs a plurality of transducers is disclosed. The transducers are rotated in a liquid filled chamber at a constant rate, each about an axis perpendicular to its transmission axis. The transducers are sequentially activated as their transmission axes cross a semi-rigid membrane which is in contact with the body. The acoustic impedance of the liquid and membrane, and the thickness of the membrane, are matched to enhance transmission. In one embodiment, the membrane is one-half or a full wavelength thick and comprises a low density polyethylene and the liquid has an acoustic impedance approximately equal to that of the polyethylene.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment EKG normal pulses have a time separation representing a monitoring interval, and upon the occurrence of a normal event (normal pulse), circuitry is activated to determine whether further events occur during the monitoring interval. The monitoring interval can be set at a constant value or a variably concomitant value as a function of the interval between the periodic normal events. Upon switching over from constant value to concomitant value of the monitoring interval, a comparator is activated, which comparator compares a time interval value between periodic normal events determined by means of a frequency-voltage converter with the constant value of the monitoring interval. A regulating element controls the converter output voltage by means of amplification alteration in such manner that it is altered toward the direction of the constant value of monitoring interval. Upon equality, the comparator generates a shutdown signal.

Abstract: Pulmonary exerciser device is provided whereby in one embodiment respective inspiratory and expiratory stages are stacked, the former above the latter, in a generally vertical, elongated tubular chamber. The patient pulmonary system is coupled to an intermediate point, and respective balls are carried in the expiratory and inspiratory chambers. Patient inhalation raises the lower ball, and patient exhalation raises the upper ball. Indicia are provided for incentive motivation and measurement of inspiration flow rate. Inspiration only is provided in other devices with provision for measurement and recording. In other devices, expiratory exercise is provided, with or without inspiratory exercise.

Abstract: A pressure sensor apparatus primarily for sensing pressure in a body cavity such as the cranium, bladder or vena cava of an animal or human comprising a housing having a bellows defining a chamber within the housing. Means is provided for communicating pressure from the body cavity to the chamber. A radioactive material is housed in the housing and at least partially surrounded by radiation shielding. The radiation shielding shields the radioactive material as a function of the pressure sensed by the flexible member and the radioactivity is sensed by a radiation detector.

Abstract: A wrapper for smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars and the like containing at least 15% by weight magnesium oxide or its hydrate and at least 0.5% by weight of a specific chemical adjuvant such as the alkali metal acetates, carbonates, citrates, nitrates or tartrates. The combination of magnesium oxide or its hydrate with any of the chemical adjuvants significantly reduces visible sidestream smoke that emanates during static burning from smoking articles employing the wrapper. The wrapper may comprise conventional cigarette paper with magnesium oxide and the adjuvant incorporated therein as the filler in the paper furnish or either or both of the additives may be applied to the paper as a coating. Wrappers containing the additives can be used in place of conventional wrappers for smoking articles or used as an inner wrapper for the tobacco column in combination with a conventional outer wrapping of cigarette paper or cigar wrap.

Abstract: A device for perforating packaged cigarettes comprising first and second housing members, one of which is movably received within the other, one of the housing members having a plurality of spaced pins or needles which are movable to perforate or pierce the cigarettes contained within a package. The device includes means for selectively raising and lowering the package of cigarettes so as to create perforations at different points along the lengths of the cigarettes. Optionally provided is a locking mechanism for preventing relative movement of the housing portions to prevent the needles from inadvertently protruding from a nested position, thereby increasing the safety of the device.

Abstract: An ash tray adapted to support a smoke producing object such as a cigarette or a cigar, is provided. The ash tray comprises a body including a wall which defines an enclosed interior space. At least one aperture for accepting the cigarette is formed in the wall, the aperture defining an opening into the interior space. A flange is formed on the wall adjacent to and below the aperture, the flange being adapted to support the cigarette inserted through the aperture. The smoke from the cigarette will be trapped within the enclosed interior space and after a predetermined time the burning cigarette will be extinguished.

Abstract: A clasp fastener of a barrette or other article of adornment in which a wire clip is hinged to a support, comprises a ball-shaped head formed with a base in one piece and anchored in the base by molding or the like. The legs of the clip are spread upon being thrust over the ball and lock around the neck of the latter.

Abstract: A throw-away dental aid article includes a container body adapted to store a supply of a liquid mouthwash therein. The open neck of the container is threaded. A closure cap has a compartment therein for the storage of a supply of dental floss and is threaded so as to be releasably secured to the container. A toothpick is connected to the closure cap to depend therefrom and extend into the container when the closure cap is secured thereto. Access to the compartment in the closure cap is provided by an aperture in the top wall of the closure cap which is normally closed by a removable cap.

Abstract: A cooling strand for cooling small-section steel has individual cooling tubes arranged coaxially in a water trough along the path of travel of the steel sections. Each tube has a constant internal diameter, a diameter to length ratio of from 1:5 to 1:15 and a number of water feed pipes around its circumference at one end. The water feed pipes direct water under pressure into the tubes in a direction opposite to the direction of travel of the steel sections.