Abstract: A key holder which includes a body and a key pivotably mounted on the body and movable between an operating position in which the key is disposed outside of the body and a non-operating position in which the key is housed within the body. The key holder may also include a biasing member for maintaining the key at the operating position thereof or the non-operating position thereof and the key may include a stopper member disposed thereon which is engageable with the body to maintain the key at the non-operating position thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal strip having a raised side uniformly plated with a layer of a different metal or metal alloy, preferably a precious metal, wherein the plating metal layer is applied to the flat strip and thereafter the strip is folded lengthwise to raise the plated side of the strip in order to obtain the desired profile. The method allows to apply the plating layer on a flat surface which can be easily done by known processes, the strip being bent together with the layer to form said raised uniformly plated side.

Abstract: An arc-like formed product, such as bearing metal, is manufactured from a strip of sheet metal, by introducing the metal strip in a tangential direction to a cylindrical forming surface of a die, bending and rolling the metal strip along the forming surface of the die into an arc shape, cutting both ends of the formed metal strip at both ends of the forming surface of the die while pressing the metal strip against the forming surface of the die in a range of at least 1/20 to 1/3 of its length, transferring the formed strip piece of metal into a coining die and coining the same.

Abstract: A bending attachment for installation in the jaws of a conventional portable bending brake for the additional bending of a previously partially bent sheet material workpiece. The bending attachment includes a horizontally oriented elongated base section which can be mounted in the jaws of the conventional portable bending brake. A workpiece holding sectional vertically upstands from the proximal edge of the base section and is in a substantially inverted U-shaped cross section.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a die, a punch, and a concentric counterpunch having an annular front extension; the die cavity has a spline-shaft-like extension and the counterpunch extension has a frustroconical tip and/or lateral teeth which mesh with the spline shaft. The counterpunch is spring-mounted upon the punch carrier.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a serpentine tube by bending a straight tube including a plurality of dies each having an arcuate surface, the dies being arranged alternately on opposite sides of the straight tube and movable in a direction toward the center axis of the straight tube and at the same time in a direction intersecting the center axis of the straight tube. During a bending operation, the dies are spaced apart from one another in a manner to impart to the straight tube and the serpentine tube such a dimensional relationship that no excess material is produced in the tube. Each die forms a set with two wings, the two wings being operative to force the straight tube against the arcuate surface of the associated die while rotatingly moving for a circumferential extent of 90 degrees each along the arcuate surface of the die. Each set of die and wings is mounted on one of a plurality of front-to-rear ball screws supported for movement by a plurality of left-to-right ball screws.

Abstract: A manual riveting tool for the setting of blind rivets comprises a flat head whose housing carries the chuck which engages the mandrel and at least one pivotable member which is coupled with the chuck by a transmission in the head to draw the mandrel through the rivet and tear away. According to the invention, this member is provided with a lever to which an actuating arm can be removably connected by a plug-and-socket arrangement and the member further, at one of its ends at a side of the housing can be engaged by a standard socket wrench via another plug-and-socket connection. The housing may be formed with part of still a further plug-and-socket connection, e.g. for engagement by a handle. The plug-and-socket connections can be standard socket-wrench elements.

Abstract: A forging machine transfer is disclosed which is operable in response to transfer movement to turn a gripped workpiece about an axis perpendicular to a plane containing the axis of an elongated workpiece. A single pivoted gripper grips the workpiece against a flat, nonrotating platform and causes the workpiece to slide along such platform as the workpiece is transferred to a subsequent work station. The pivot axis is eccentrically located so that the workpiece is moved toward the die face during transfer to be properly positioned for subsequent working at the delivery position. A pivoted drive linkage provided to produce the rotation is located above the work station to reduce the likelihood of bearing damage resulting from scale or the like. The angle through which the workpiece is rotated can be selected within a range substantially greater than 90 degrees and substantially less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: In a gas sensor circuit having a semiconductor gas measuring sensor such as a Taguchi, a variable gain transconductance amplifier is interconnected between the gas measuring sensor and a conventional differential amplifier so that the circuit's output voltage appears as a linear function of the gas concentration being measured.

Abstract: A sensor measuring the partial oxygen pressure in furnace exhaust gas has an active layer of palladium. When the sensor is maintained at a particular temperature, for example about 700.degree. C., the palladium changes to palladium oxide at a specific air number, namely 1.2. The change from palladium to palladium oxide and vice versa causes a change in conductivity by a factor of approximately 20. This change in conductivity is a clearly defined output signal which can be adjusted to occur at any desired air number in the region from 1.05-1.4, depending upon the temperature at which the sensor is maintained. Two sensors may be used, each maintained at a different temperature so that a control region is defined as the air number region wherein the sensor maintained at the lower temperature is oxidized while the second sensor is reduced. Preferably, the active layer consists not only of the metal oxide but also of a ceramic component such as cerium oxide which is doped with 0.5-10% by volume of Nb.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and method for determining osmolarity and/or specific gravity of a sample solution, the apparatus including a plurality of test solutions, each test solution having a predetermined specific gravity within a predetermined specific gravity range and also containing the dye, the dye being activated by substances in the sample solution. Test solutions having a higher specific gravity than the sample solution will experience osmotic diffusion across the semipermeable membrane and activation of the dye therein. The test solutions are sequentially arrayed on a support member so that the next succeeding test solution without a color change indicates the degree of osmolarity and/or specific gravity of the sample solution.

Abstract: The invention concerns the inspection of the corners of a square or rectangular metal billet. The inspection apparatus includes inspection probes (25) supported from a scanning head mounted between entry and exit boxes (13). The two boxes include ram displaceable rollers (4) which are moved into engagement with the other surfaces of the billet as it passes through the apparatus so positively siting the inspection probes above the corners of the billet. The probes are connected to transmit electrical pulses representative of the condition of the billet corners to signal processing equipment remote from the inspection apparatus.

Abstract: A method and composition for non-destructive testing using the dye penetrant technique, and adapting the use of this technique at high temperatures. The invention is involved with using a marking crayon which includes a carrier composed of a solid which melts at a temperature below the temperature at which the workpiece is to be inspected and a visible or fluorescent dye. Upon application of the crayon to a hot workpiece, the solid penetrant composition becomes molten and the visible or fluorescent dye penetrates into any flaws in the surface in the usual manner. A remover, also consisting of a crayon composition, is used to remove excess penetrant, leaving only penetrant entrapped in the flaws. Upon removal of the excess penetrant and remover, the entrapped penetrant deposits are drawn to surface by the application of a finely divided developer either in dry form or as an aerosol. Inspection of the piece is then carried out under visible or ultraviolet light, depending upon the nature of the penetrant.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a body member lowered within drill pipes and having an upper part (26) and a lower part (27) arranged for limited movements with respect to each other. Each part of the body member is anchored inside the drill pipes and the movements between said parts are detected when stresses are applied to the drill pipes from the surface.A first radial-coil transformer has a primary winding (35) integral with a part of the body member and a secondary winding (36,37) integral with the other part to detect the angular movements. A second axial-coil transformer has a primary winding (40) integral with a part of the body member and a secondary winding (41,42) integral with the other part to detect the longitudinal movements. The signals delivered by the transformers are linear functions of the respective movements.

Abstract: The single cue of a pitch and roll flight director command indicator is driven by a mechanism having a pitch servomotor pivotally mounted in the flight director housing for rotation about the roll axis and a roll servomotor fixed to the housing for rotating the pitch servomotor about the roll axis. The single cue is connected to an arm which is pivotally mounted on the pitch motor for rotation about the pitch axis whereby the single cue may be simultaneously positioned in pitch and roll by said servomotors to provide visual commands for bringing the craft to a predetermined flight path of attitude.

Abstract: An acoustic wave source and a radio wave source are installed close to each other on the ground. When an acoustic wave pulse is transmitted vertically into the atmosphere by the acoustic wave source, spherical wavefronts formed in the atmosphere by the acoustic wave are propagated upwardly at the velocity of sound. When a continuous radio wave is transmitted from the radio wave source toward the spherical wavefronts, it is reflected by the wavefronts and the reflected radio waves are converged to form a focusing spot on the ground. The position where the spot due to the convergence of the reflected radio waves is formed with the maximum intensity is detected by means of an antenna network formed of a multiplicity of receiving antennas laid out in the pattern of a lattice. The time-course change of such positions of the spots is traced to realize remote measurement of the height distribution of wind direction and speed in the atmosphere under surveillance.

Abstract: A flowmeter head is in the form of side-by-side channels of non-magnetic, electrically insulating material with the channels of very similar size. Sufficient precision of channel size is attained by boring the channels or by using drawn tube of closely controlled size. A radial electrode is provided in each channel, e.g. by drilling a fine hole in the channel wall and sealing a wire in. The electrode arrangement permits an applied magnetic flux to pass through first one channel, then the other. Earth electrodes are provided at the ends of each channel. An earth-loop free connection to a differential amplifier of a flowmeter apparatus is possible with the electrode configuration. The precision of the channel size improves common-mode accuracy and the earth-loop free connection reduces drift and noise.

Abstract: An ultrasonic non-destructive testing device for welded seams on pipes and tubes comprises two test heads arranged opposite one another on a line normal to the welded seam. Each test head comprises a transducer element for longitudinal defects and two transducer elements for transverse defects. The transducer elements for transverse defects interact with transducer elements on the opposite side of the welded seam. The device allows the complete automatic testing of a welded seam from the beginning of the pipe to the end of the pipe for longitudinal and transverse defects.

Abstract: A pressure sensor comprising a pressure-displacement transducer mechanism including a movable body driven by a hydraulic pressure to be determined and spring means for urging the movable body in a direction opposite to the pressure, and a displacement-pulse phase conversion unit including a ferromagnetic member secured to the movable body, a magnetically soft member carrying an electrical coil thereon and disposed at a stationary point adjacent to the region of movement of the ferromagnetic member and a permanent magnet. A pulse voltage is applied to one end of the electrical coil, the other end of which is connected in series with a resistor. A voltage drop across the resistor is detected, and a time lag of the voltage drop with respect to the pulse voltage, representing a displacement of the ferromagnetic member in response to a change in the hydraulic pressure, is determined and provided in the form of an analog voltage or a digital code.

Abstract: A piezoelectric, acoustic vibration detecting element is positioned in a fluid flow to be measured so as to be moved according to the intensity of the fluid flow away from a source of acoustic vibration. As the distance between the acoustic vibration source and the element increases with increasing fluid flow intensity, reducing the acoustic pressure on the element, the magnitude of an electrical output signal produced by the element decreases providing a detectable measurement of the change in the fluid flow intensity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sampler for analytical detection systems, comprising a slide sealingly housed between two guide walls and movable to put a housing thereof from a sample receiving position to a sample delivering position and viceversa, said housing being washed by an inert gas into the sample receiving position in order to completely eliminate the environmental atmosphere from said housing notwithstanding such housing is opened to said atmosphere in the sample receiving position thereof.

Abstract: Gyro drift is reduced by measuring the positional relation between the rotating field of a driving synchronous gyro motor and a reference point on the gyro rotor at start-up. After the measurement is made, it is adjusted to a pre-established fixed value. Adjustments to the pre-established value occur each time the gyro is started.

Abstract: A pushbutton tuner includes a plurality of pushbutton actuators each effective to achieve a tuning to a desired preset frequency. Each pushbutton actuator includes a slide plate carried by a support plate so as to be movable between operative and inoperative positions, a lockable control plate pivotally mounted on the slide plate, a pair of upright pins fixedly mounted on the control plate, and a pair of cam members having their one end pivotally mounted on the support plate so that one of the upright pins engages one of the cam members as the slide plate moves to its operative position. A pair of movable plates are carried by the support plate so as to be movable across the slide plates. One of the movable plates is pivotally connected with the other end of one of the cam members while the other movable plate is pivotally connected with the other end of the other cam member.

Abstract: A multistage change-speed apparatus for a tractor has a running-travel-system change-speed gearing apparatus, a planetary gearing reduction apparatus operatively connected to that apparatus, an intermediary transmission shaft driven by this apparatus, a speed-reduction shaft disposed beneath that shaft, a bevel pinion shaft disposed in parallel with this shaft, an auxiliary change-speed gearing apparatus disposed between these two shafts, and a differential operatively connected to that apparatus. The planetary gearing reduction apparatus is shiftable between the operative state and the inoperative state.

Abstract: Precision positioning apparatus includes a rotatable driving element connected to a rotatable driven element having a diameter substantially greater than that of the driven element, and rotary movement of the driving element imparts rotary movement to the driven element. The diameters of the two elements are related so that a relatively large movement of the driving element results in a relatively small movement of the driven element, and vice versa.

Abstract: The hand and foot cable controlled throttle with a hand lever controlling movement of the cable and the foot pedal controlling movement of the cable sheath and cable for selectively controlling the throttle.

Abstract: A cover plate is disclosed for a hydraulic control panel that houses a series of manually operable valves for controlling a plurality of hydraulic cylinders associated with an implement such as a backhoe. The cover plate includes a one-piece plastic base with a plurality of upstanding, spaced apart, integral formations along its longitudinal extent through which a plurality of control handles are inserted and attached to the valves. Each formation on the cover plate is generally box-shaped with open sides and aligned openings in its upper and lower walls to permit the passage of a respective control handle through the cover plate. A closed-cell, rectangular block insert is sandwiched within each cover plate formation with an opening therethrough which is aligned with the upper and lower openings in the formation.

Abstract: Actuators for a program timer are removably attached to the timer dial in a snap-on manner to enable simple and easy removal or installing of the actuators to effect changing the schedule of operation of the timer.

Abstract: A crankshaft assembly for precision low load applications has cylindrical crankpins mounted on concave peripheral grooves on the ends of a crankshaft and coupled thereto by clamps which lockingly engage aligned annular grooves in the crankshaft and crankpin.

Abstract: A balancing mechanism in a conventional, multicylinder engine consisting of a mass linked to the static portion of the engine and dynamically linked to the engine crankshaft in such a manner as to establish an arcuate oscillation of the mass on rotation of the crankshaft for producing a primary harmonic shaking force and a secondary harmonic shaking force in the direction of greatest travel of the mass, and a secondary harmonic shaking force in a direction at right angles to said first-mentioned direction with these harmonic shaking forces adapted to balance other shaking forces developed within the engine. A crank-and-rocker mechanism is utilized in the balancing mechanism and the angular disposition thereof may be related to the position of maximum value of the engine harmonic shaking forces as distinguished from the dead center position of the engine.

Abstract: A breather plug assembly for a gear box utilized in an automobile or other machine. The breather plug has a deflector member of tubular shape, having a cylindrical portion contacting the flow of lubricant formed along the inner surface of the gear box. The cylindrical portion is provided with at least one hole located downstream of the flow. Said hole allows ventilation of the interior of the box to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An automotive accessory drive assembly includes a two-member differential which is arranged to provide three-member differential action. The accessories are driven through the differential at low engine speeds, and are driven through a speed-reducing drive train at high engine speeds.

Abstract: In an automotive vehicle having an engine connected to a gear-type transmission via a torque converter and a 1x converter-bridging clutch, an electronic circuit for automatically shifting the transmission and operating the clutch comprises a comparison-pulse generator emitting pulses having durations varying in accordance with engaged gear ratio and engine-loading conditions, these pulses being fed to the data inputs of a pair of D-type flip-flops for a time comparison with clock-input signals from a multiplexer/counter having periods proportional to the rotation rate of a converter turbine during a first processing phase of a time-division operating cycle and to the rotation rate of a transmission output shaft during a second processing phase.

Abstract: A manual selector valve, whose setting is controlled by the vehicle operator, distributes flow from a fluid pump to an ON-OFF valve and to a hydraulic clutch which on being engaged disposes the transmission for forward drive. Two ON-OFF valves act as pressure distributors and enable the manual valve to overrule the operation of the automatic shift valves. The state of two solenoid-actuated valves is determined by an electrical signal received from a microprocessor that receives operational information and has stored within its memory logic that controls the signals. If the electronic control system should fail, the state of the solenoid valves is determined hydraulically and mechanically thus permitting complete functional response as the operator manually displaces the selector valve. A variable force solenoid actuates a line pressure regulator valve, which cooperates with a solenoid pressure regulator valve to reduce line pressure.

Abstract: A micrometrically adjusted tool arm assembly for mounting on a spindle or a non-rotating support has a tool arm with a mount thereon for generally centrally supporting a tool bar. Only the end sections of the arm are secured to a base support and a slot system extends axially through the arm so that the central section can move radially relative to the ends of the arm. A micrometrically adjustable positioner mechanism engages the central section in a position relative to the slot system to provide a rigid backup for the tool bar. When the assembly is mounted on a spindle a releasable lock is provided which functions to deform the slot system and move the central section radially to engage positioner mechanism at a preselected position.

Abstract: A film dispenser and slitter is described which is comprised of an upstanding ladder-like support member which has forward and rearward ends. An elongated horizontally disposed support is mounted on the upper end of the support member and has opposite ends. First and second roll support members are mounted on the support for supporting a roll of film therebetween above the support. The roll support members are selectively slidably mounted on the support to permit the apparatus to accommodate rolls of various lengths to be supported therebetween. First and second bracket members are positioned at the opposite ends of the support and extend upwardly therefrom. A first film support bar is secured to the first and second bracket members and extends therebetween above the support.

Abstract: A remote control bench mounted chain saw apparatus for cutting firewood, includes a chain saw device having handle, trigger, body and bar chain. Also included is a bench having a first support member with an interdigital slot, a second support member having a cooperating interdigital slot for mating with the first support member to form a cross, and a top member hingedly mounted on one of the support members on a side parallel to its slot, the top member being further adapted to detachably engage the other support member on a side parallel to its slot when the cross is formed to position the top member in a horizontal position. The top member includes means for restraining the handle and body of the chain saw and positioning the saw to permit access to the top of said bar and chain. Finally, remote control means are attached to the trigger of the saw and have an activator positioned remote from the saw and the top member for activation of the saw triggered by pressure applied to the activator.

Abstract: A cutting rule including teeth having a beveled chisel-like tip with a straight-edged top, symmetrical angular side edges and shallow notches between adjacent teeth. In alternate embodiments the side edges may be beveled and the rear side of the tip may be beveled. Also, an improved slot configuration is provided which facilitates bending to form a curved rule.

Abstract: A method and device for cutting out pieces of the desired shape having a cavity with a bottom wall at different levels from a block of plastic foam material. The block of foam material is compressed between a first plate having a relief form member corresponding in shape to the desired cavity and a die having an aperture of the desired contour. The part of the compressed block protruding through the aperture is compressed by the back form member corresponding to the different levels of the cavity and provided on a second plate on the other side of the die remote from the first plate. A straight edge cutting blade cuts the block flush with the die between the die and the second plate to obtain the piece of desired shape.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprises a note code producer for producing note codes respectively having n bits representing juxtaposed notes aligned by a semitone interval step. The note codes to be generated are selected from a binary code table consisting of successively aligned binary values corresponding to an order of alignment of the notes in a musical scale and the table omits either one of the largest and smallest values to be represented by the lowest m bits (n>m). A modified note code generator produces modified note codes by repetitively adding the lowest m bits of each note code to further lower order digits below the least significant bit of each note code, and a sound system generates musical tones having frequencies corresponding to the modified note codes.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for transforming digital data stored in a memory (18) into sounds is disclosed. The apparatus includes an oscillator (12) which drives an address selector (14). The address selector drives the memory. A note generator (20) generates an analog electrical signal responsive to the memory, and a speaker with its associated amplifier stages (22) produces sounds corresponding to the analog electrical signal.A preferred arrangement of the note generator includes an inverting amplifier which can simply be a logic gate (44) and a plurality of resistors (50) selected by switches (56) in feedback relationship with the amplifier.A preferred arrangement includes a duty cycle selector (80) to produce harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the analog electrical signal.

Abstract: This electronic musical instrument comprises means for selecting one of a plurality of performance modes and musical tone production means having tone production channels less than the number of keys. Tones are produced through said channels based on the time division multiplex key data which are set according to the depressed status of all key in the different manner according to the selected performance mode of the mode selecting means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the acoustic indication of the beats of a musical time in which the tempo at which the beats are reproduced is adjustable. According to the invention means are provided for varying the musical properties of the separate beats, e.g. the reproducing period, the volume and the pitch, said varying means being provided with N switch elements each having at least three switch settings, and a scanning element for the cyclic consecutive scanning of the N switch elements, wherein a tone is generated in a first channel during the scan period of each of the switch elements in the second switch setting of the switch element, while a tone is generated in a second channel in the third switch setting of the switch element and no tone is generated in the first switch setting of the switch element in either channel, both channels being common to the N switch elements.

Abstract: A pitch detecting system is provided for an electric guitar having an existing electromagnetic pick-up for strings. For the purposes of pitch detection, all the signals from the guitar strings are sensed by means of an auxiliary pickup comprising a substantially planar substrate of nonconductive material which is mounted upon the existing pickup, below the strings. A plurality of conductive coils on the substrate are each positioned in alignment with a different pole piece of the existing pick-up. The auxiliary pick-up provides a signal representing the sound of each string to a string separator, which transmits to its output only the signals from the auxiliary pick-up which has the fastest rate of build-up of its input signal. The single output signal from the string separator is provided to a pitch detector. In the pitch detector, a reference point in each cycle of the input signal (i.e.

Abstract: An improved guitar provided with a removable tailblock assembly which replaces the conventional fixed interior tailblock. The tailblock assembly includes a ringlike reinforcing member which is disposed in the interior of the guitar body and extends between the top and bottom walls, and is secured to the inner face of the curved end portions of the side walls at their junction. The end portions of the side walls have notches or openings formed therein which align with the opening in the reinforcing member. A ringlike insert is fixedly positioned within these latter openings, and is fixedly secured to the guitar body, such as to the side walls. This insert defines therethrough a large opening which is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the guitar body and provides convenient access to the interior thereof.

Abstract: A sliding formant effect is produced in a tone generator of the type in which wave shape data points are sequentially and repetitively read out of a memory at a rate corresponding to the fundamental pitch of a musical tone. The formant effect is obtained by forming the sums or differences between consecutive data points for one waveshape period and storing the new data in memory in response to a formant control signal. Provision is made for advancing or retarding the effective formant cut-off frequency under command of the formant control signal.

Abstract: A tone generation system intended primarily for use in electronic musical instruments wherein a digital representation of a harmonically rich waveform is sampled, and a musical tone is produced therefrom. The stored waveform could be the four term Blackman-Harris window function, which has negligible side lobes and thus greatly attenuated higher harmonics. The stored function is read out at a fixed rate, but the time periods between successive readings of the waveform are varied to thereby vary the frequency of the output signal.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument of a digital processing type, an operation of a key causes the generation of a digital value corresponding to the operated key and a tone having a frequency determined by that digital value is produced. The instrument comprises a key assigner which assigns the operated keys from among a large number of keys to a small number of channels, which small number is a number of maximum available tones to be produced simultaneously. The instrument further comprises a modifying value generator for generating modifying values for the respective channels, the value being a first value upon key operation and subsequently varying to a second value to provide an attack pitch fluctuation effect. The key assigner and the modifying value generator are of a time division multiplexing type with the channels being defined by the corresponding time slots.

Abstract: A player piano recording system has photosensor flags secured to the undersides of the piano keys, vertical movement of which is detected by horizontally adjustable photosensors to produce "key played" and key velocity signals which supplied to a microprocessor for deriving expression signals for recording on magnetic tape. The microprocessor provides output expression values and key play information. According to the invention, the expression values are a direct function of key velocity and key play information and switch selected boost (an enhanced initial frame expression for overcoming solenoid inertia) and add (for trill) values. Key play data is dependent upon key play inputs and the frame extension switch value. The unique structure of the key flag permits horizontal adjustment of the photosensors for vertical misalignments etc. of the piano keys.

Abstract: A portable electronic keyboard musical instrument comprises a casing comprising a pair of plastic-molded upper and lower shells coupled together. A plurality of keys are mounted on the upper shell in juxtaposed relation. The upper shell includes an integral fulcrum portion formed internally thereof and pivotally supporting each key, an integral stop means for limiting the downward and upward movements of the keys, an integral guide means for guiding the downward and upward movements of the keys, and an integral mounting portion for supporting a key switch structure. The stop means, the guide means and the mounting portion are disposed in underlying relation to the juxtaposed keys.