Abstract: An acceleration limit reset circuit (38, 40, 42, 44) is disclosed for a closed loop fuel control (11) of a gas turbine engine (10). The closed loop control includes a comparator circuit (28) which compares an acceleration term Ngs-Nd to a limit value Al and if the scheduled acceleration (Ngs-Nd) is in excess of the limit, regulates the rate of change of the engine speed to the limited value Al. The acceleration limit Al is scheduled by an accel/decel limiter circuit (30) as substantially equivalent to the surge line of the engine. The acceleration limit reset circuit (38, 40, 42, 44) is provided for modifying the acceleration limit Al during special operating conditions of the engine (10) by a signal RRS.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic delay system for controlling the time of events from initian of an initial ignition impulse to ignition of a secondary output.

Abstract: A rotary external combustion engine wherein energy is transferred to air acting as a working gas by injection into the air of liquid water at a high temperature and pressure. The liquid water is injected either directly into the working space in the stator or into a preliminary mixing chamber. The water acts as a heat-transfer medium for heating the air. Spontaneous vaporization of the liquid water on injection increases the pressure of the air which drives the rotor before being exhausted. The exhaust water is recovered and recycled. The working space is scavenged and refilled with a fresh charge of air.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system operating from the periodic pressure wave produced by a Stirling engine along a first axis thereof and effecting transfer of power from the Stirling engine to a load apparatus therefor and wherein the movable, or working member of the load apparatus is reciprocatingly driven along an axis substantially at right angles to the first axis to achieve an arrangement of a Stirling engine and load apparatus assembly which is much shorter and the components of the load apparatus more readily accessible.

Abstract: A supercharger apparatus is provided which comprises a reciprocating type internal combustion engine having a block, an exhaust passage and an intake passage, and also having an exhaust turbine which is provided in said exhaust passage. A compressor is provided in said intake passage, along with a shaft for interconnecting said turbine and said compressor, the shaft being supported in a bearing hole which is formed in the engine block. A lubrication oil passage, which is in communication with the bearing hole, is formed in the engine block.

Abstract: The engine is supercharged by two turbocharger units which are capable of being put into operation in succession and their compressors are capable of supplying air to the engine in parallel. When the turbocharger unit is not in operation, the outlet of its compressor is put in communication through a bypass passage with the inlet of its turbine by means of flaps or the like.

Abstract: A modular catalytic combustor for a gas turbine has a plurality of individual, non-metallic cylindrical catalyst beds, and a support structure for each of the individual catalyst beds. Each catalyst bed together with its support structure forms an individual catalyst module. Each support structure includes an outer cooled support cylinder, with the individual support cylinders of the various modules interconnected in spaced relationship with cooling air passageways between. There are means for supplying compressed air, such as from a gas turbine compressor, into the space surrounding the support cylinders. The outer cooled support cylinders are provided with apertures for entry of cooling and purge air from the surrounding space. Each of the catalyst beds has an integral, cylindrical, outer ceramic shell, and is positioned within a corresponding outer support cylinder. A sheet metal heat shield is interposed between and concentric with each of the outer support cylinders and the catalyst bed within.

Abstract: A cold trap including a section for cooling inflowing liquid sodium, a section for trapping impurities in the sodium, and a double-walled cylindrical structure disposed between the cooling section and the trapping section. The double-walled structure is filled with a heat-insulating gas, and is closed at its upper end but open at its lower end. An expanded portion designed for storing the heat-insulating gas is formed at the open lower end or in the vicinity thereof of the double-walled structure.

Abstract: A secondary cooling system for cooling the packing case of a gas compressor which is engine driven, whereby the engine and gas compressor would continue to be cooled by the primary cooling system, and the packing case would be cooled by a secondary cooling system which would provide for a system for circulating coolant through the packing case of a gas compressor in order to provide transfer of heat from the packing case into the coolant for maintaining the final phase at the desired temperature and recirculating the coolant back into the secondary cooling system into a chiller means providing temperature of the coolant to the desired degree for cooling the packing case, which is reduceably less in the engine itself. There is further provided a means for monitoring the temperatures, pressures, flow, etc. within the closed secondary cooling system, and a master control board for monitoring the various devices and receiving and reading out the information to a controller.

Abstract: When a plurality of sensors or a circuit, required for air conditioning, are out of order a fail-safe calculation formula is employed to set the desired outlet air temperature for continuing air conditioning. A number of fail-safe calculation formulae exist so that an accurate outlet air temperature can be obtained despite any abnormal sensor conditions. When an abnormality is detected, the calculation formula which does not employ the output of the abnormal sensor is utilized to determine the outlet air temperature. This procecure permits an air conditioning apparatus to be controlled within a range of safety even when a sensor or sensors fail.

Abstract: A defrosting apparatus for removing frost deposited on a cooler of a refrigerator or an air conditioner employs a defrosting heater exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient of resistance which changes sharply at a specific temperature. A specific rate of change of the heater current of the defrosting heater is detected, and on the basis of the detected current change rate, stopping or starting of current supply to the defrosting heater is controlled. The defrosting heater is an organic type heater or an inorganic ceramic type heater possessing the function of self-temperature control.

Abstract: In a turbo-refrigerator apparatus provided with a compressor in the form of a turbocompressor, a speed increasing gear system capable of switching from one speed increase ratio to another at least in two stages is located between the turbocompressor and an electric motor, so that a speed increase ratio suitable for the conditions of outdoor air can be selected to operate the apparatus with high efficiency. Housings of the turbocompressor, electric motor and speed increasing gear system are connected together in such a manner that a shaft supporting an impeller of the turbocompressor, an output shaft of the electric motor and shafts of the speed increasing gear system are located within the respective housings to render the apparatus hermetic to avoid extension of the rotary shafts through the housings, thereby avoiding leak of the working fluid of the turborefrigerator apparatus to outside.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for use in a motor vehicle having a vehicle body including a seat structure mounted on the floor panel and a side wall member such as a center pillar located on one side of the seat structure, the air-conditioning system comprising an air-conditioner assembly which is positioned on one side of the seat structure and adjacent one of the wheel housings and which includes at least one heat exchanger unit and a covering member having the heat exchanger unit covered between the covering member and the vehicle body, the covering member having a substantially horizontal upper panel portion located sidewise inwardly of the center pillar so as to serve not only to cover the heat exchanger unit but as an armrest for an occupant of the seat structure.

Abstract: This invention concerns a device for insertion and feed of products on the plates in a freezer, particularly to horizontal evaporating plate freezers.

Abstract: In a pressure differential automatic transfer type three-way valve utilized in a heat-pump type refrigeration system together with a transfer valve for transferring an operating state of the refrigeration system, the three-way valve is formed with a leakage passage having a leakage resistance determined by flow resistance of the transfer valve, leakage resistance thereof and flow resistance of the three-way valve.

Abstract: A split type cryogenic cooling apparatus comprising a refrigerator which permits a working gas of a high pressure and an operating temperature to generate cold heat, a cryostat accommodating a vessel containing liquefied fraction of the working gas together with an object to be cooled and a plurality of shield plates surrounding the vessel and maintained at respective temperature levels, and a communicating pipe system providing a communication between the refrigerator and the cryostat and having a vacuum heat insulation. Two or more stages of heat exchangers are disposed in the cryostat with their colder ends held in thermal contact with the shield plates and the vessel of temperature levels corresponding thereto, to thereby suppress an introduction of external heat into the cryostat.

Abstract: A system for color printing and processing multiple yarn fibers by mechanized means in response to programmed signals derived from a computer control devise indicative of fabrics having select patterns or designs. The system includes data gathering implements including a sample pattern to be duplicated for producing a program for color printing. The computer receives the data and processes it to produce signals indicative of the color program. A control device receives the signals from the computer and initiates control voltages for driving a color printer which color prints yarns passing therethrough in accordance with the program. The colored printed yarns are processed through fixing apparatus to fix the colors and thereafter separated into individual yarn fibers and stored for immediate or future use in looms, weaving machines and the like.

Abstract: A locking key, designed to retain an indication of the lock-shifting (opening or closing) operation last performed, has a head and a shank interconnected by a screw coupling with limited axial play enabling their relative rotation through 90.degree. or 180.degree.. The shank and its bit can thus be positively entrained for a lock-opening or a lock-closing motion only after the head has arrived in one or the other limiting angular position relative thereto. When the idle rotation of the head is 180.degree., the relative angular position of the two parts can be indicated by special markings thereon.

Abstract: An attachment to a key to facilitate concealment of the key, which takes the form of a bifurcated housing within which is embedded magnetic material. The bifurcated housing includes a fastener, which in operation passes through an opening formed within the large handle section of the key. The exterior sidewalls of the bifurcated housing deflect to become recessed during operation of the fastener to thereby form recessed areas to facilitate grasping and holding of the attachment thereby facilitating operation of the key.

Abstract: In apparatus for shot peening, gravity is used to accelerate uniform sized steel shot, and thereby impart a combination of good surface finish and uniform compressive stresses to workpieces. It is especially useful for finishing gas turbine airfoils. Shot is introduced into the peening enclosure (28) through a gate (40) at near zero velocity. It is then accelerated along a streamline (31) toward the workpiece (18) with uniform velocity. The workpiece, positioned along the streamline, can be manipulated in three rotational modes: oscillatory rotation to uniformly peen contoured surfaces of a workpiece, periodic incremental rotation to peen different sides of a workpiece; and, tilting motion to enable peening of shoulders (22). The apparatus is especially suited to peening fragile workpieces such as gas turbine airfoils (18). A diverter plate (44) intercepts the shot stream at times when repositioning of a fragile workpiece is undertaken.

Abstract: A rolling mill for strip and foil material, comprises a roll stand and a coiler for rolled material downstream of the roll stand. An endless belt is trained about the material on the coiler, and an air cushion conveyor is provided for introducing the material between the coiler and the endless belt. The air cushion conveyor and the endless belt are both mounted on the same frame, which frame is mounted for swinging movement between an operative position in which the air cushion conveyor is disposed adjacent the path of the material and the endless belt is trained about the material on the coiler, on the one hand, and on the other hand an inoperative position in which the frame is swung away from the material and the coiler. The pivotal axis about which the frame swings is adjacent that end of the air cushion conveyor which is remote from the endless belt. That axis is disposed beneath the material as the material passes from the roll stand to the coiler.

Abstract: A stretch drawing apparatus comprising a constraining die having an inner die portion and an outer wall portion spaced apart from the die portion, a drawing punch positioned in conjunction with the die portion, a blank-holding block positioned in conjunction with the outer wall portion of the constraining die, the constraining die and each of the drawing punch and the blank-holding block being movable relative to each other in a predetermined direction so that the die portion and each of the drawing punch and the blank-holding block are movable toward and away from each other, and at least one wedge member having a blank-holding surface and movable in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction, wherein the wedge member engages the constraining die and the blank-holding block and has a thickness which increases away from the die portion toward the outer wall portion of the constraining die.

Abstract: Footwear is tested and evaluated by apparatus which is capable of simulat the actual wearing thereof under various environmental conditions. The apparatus includes a leg pylon and artificial foot which are moved as a unit by apparatus which duplicates the motion of the knee and ankle of an individual. The artificial foot, on which the footwear to be tested is mounted, may be provided with various sensors or condition simulators.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for transforming nonlinear sensor response such as that of a hydrogen sulfide detector to provide a desired output signal as a polynomial signal function.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for the quantitative analysis of vaporizable compounds, and in particular of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which may be induced to fluoresce. The sample to be analyzed is injected into a gas chromatography column and is eluted through a narrow orifice into a vacuum chamber. The free expansion of the eluted sample into the vacuum chamber creates a supersonic molecular beam in which the sample molecules are cooled to the extent that the excited vibrational and rotational levels are substantially depopulated. The cooled molecules, when induced to fluoresce by laser excitation, give greatly simplified spectra suitable for analytical purposes. The laser induced fluorimetry provides great selectivity, and the gas chromatograph provides quantitative transfer of the sample to the molecular beam.

Abstract: An oxygen detection system including two equal and symmetrically constructed major DC magnetic circuits each having an air gap which is alternatively filled with a sample and a reference gas. A magnetic bridge arm connects the major magnetic circuits in series opposition to derive a null response when the flux carried in the magnetic circuits is equal and a component of varying flux when the sample and reference gases are interchanged to cause an unequal flux to be developed in the circuits caused by a change in the reluctance across the gaps. An encircling inductance coil senses the flux in the null bridge arm which is electronically sampled in sychronism with the sample and reference gas interchange to develop a difference signal directly derived and proportional to the difference in magnetic susceptibility of the sample and reference gases. An active magnetic shield cancels stray fields from affecting the sensor.

Abstract: The valve testing apparatus is adapted for testing a flanged device having a casing defining a chamber and at least one annular end flange disposed on a horizontal test plate having a fluid inlet. At least one clamping unit is provided which comprises a lever disposed in a radial direction relative to the center of the annular flange. The lever has an outer end detachably resting on an underlying support, and an inner end gripping a portion of the flange. A fulcrum is fixedly mounted above the lever intermediate its inner and outer ends. The lever is adapted to pivot about the fulcrum. A hydraulic ram exerts a vertical force against one end of the lever, thereby causing the inner end of the lever to exert a predetermined clamping pressure on the flange, so as to obtain a fluid-tight connection between the flange and the plate.

Abstract: A fuel injection arrangement for an internal combustion engine, has a control device for receiving an electrical signal corresponding to a quantity of applied fuel, comparing an actual value with a nominal value of the supplied fuel quantity, and producing a correcting signal for fuel supply, and also has a measuring element for measuring the quantity of the supplied fuel and producing the responding electrical signal, wherein the measuring element includes a quartz pressure measuring diaphragm producing the electrical signal by a piezoelectric effect on quartz because of a differential pressure on the measuring diaphragm.

Abstract: A system for measuring wheel wear of a railroad vehicle includes a first speed measuring device, such as a microwave doppler speed sensor for measuring speed of the vehicle independent of wheel rotation rate, a second speed measuring device for measuring vehicle speed in terms of wheel rotation rate and a comparison device for measuring the difference of the two speed signals over time to therefore provide a signal indicative of wheel wear.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for calibrating the flow rate of a pump. The apparatus includes a high pressure pump, a critical flow orifice and a receptacle or air bag. The high pressure pump pumps a fluid, such as air, through the orifice into the receptacle at pressure sufficient to maintain the flow rate past the orifice in the critical region wherein flow rate is essentially independent of pressure. The receptacle is filled for a precisely determined time thereby providing a known amount of air in the receptacle. Through a valving arrangement the receptacle is then evacuated by the pump to be calibrated and the time required to evacuate the receptacle is determined. This permits calibration of the flow rate of the pump under test. An electronic circuit including a microprocessor automatically performs the timing functions and flow rate calculations.

Abstract: An ultrasonic detector, particularly useful in the level detection of blood within an arterial reservoir, is provided. The detector includes a pair of opposed arms for connection to the arterial reservoir. One of the arms carries a transmitting transducer while the other arm carries a receiving transducer facing the transmitting transducer. A clamping ring is slidable on both arms for forcing the arms toward each other when the ring is moved in one direction and for enabling the arms to move apart from each other when the ring is moved in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A method and instrument is provided which allows quick and accurate measurement of the coefficient of performance of an installed electrically powered heat pump including auxiliary resistance heaters. Temperature sensitive resistors are placed in the return and supply air ducts to measure the temperature increase of the air across the refrigerant and resistive heating elements of the system. The voltages across the resistors which are directly proportional to the respective duct temperatures are applied to the inputs of a differential amplifier so that its output voltage is proportional to the temperature difference across the unit. A voltage-to-frequency converter connected to the output of the differential amplifier converts the voltage signal to a proportional frequency signal. A digital watt meter is used to measure the power to the unit and produces a signal having a frequency proportional to the input power.

Abstract: The apparatus for simulating soil mechanical impedance on the root growth potential attempts to mimic the growth patterns of soil roots. The penetration probe consists of a right conical element attached to a shaft for forcing the conical probe into the soil. The tip of the cone is provided with a plurality of bores which deliver a polymerized carbohydrate lubricant to the cone during soil penetration. This results in a reduction in the axial reaction forces and more accurately mimics the radial growth patterns of plant roots. Moreover, the lubricant mimics lubricants which plant roots naturally exude.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of determining the average plastic strain ratio (r) of sheet material of known density. This is effected by computation utilizing an empirical relationship existing for the material between r and an elastic property thereof, the elastic property being manifest as the velocity of mechanical vibrations propagated in the sheet.

Abstract: An ultrasonic test instrument includes a pulse generator, a receiver, a cathode ray tube screen display and a time gate means providing a gated time interval for viewing only echo signals which arise from a predetermined workpiece region under test. The time gated interval is shown as a horizontal gate bar display on the screen and the length of the bar being indicative of the gated time interval. Circuitry provided generates a reference signal to cause the gate bar to appear at a height commensurate with the echo signal received in the gated intervals having the highest peak amplitude. Unless reset, the amplitude of the gate bar remains at this peak value although subsequent echo signals may have a lower amplitude.

Abstract: An echo signal irradiated from an ultrasonic scanner and reflected back from a subject under examination is amplified by a logarithm amplifier and is amplitude-detected by a detector. An adder adds to the detected echo signal an STC voltage, a gain control voltage and a gain control feedback voltage. The gain-controlled echo signal from the adder is input to a multiplier and multiplied by a dynamic control voltage and a negative feedback gain control voltage. The negative feedback gain control voltage is obtained by integrating the output from the multiplier and inverting and amplifying the obtained signal.

Abstract: Ultrasonic transducers, of an electrical capacitor formed of a counter-elrode and a synthetic material film lying thereon, held by a clamping ring and metallized on one side, are used amongst other things for running time measurements in flow field examinations in wind tunnels. It is in that case important to disturb the flow as little as possible by the spatial dimensions of the ultrasonic transducer and by the necessary mountings and current feeds. For the solution of the problem, it is proposed to fasten the counter-electrode (2) and the clamping ring (3) holding the synthetic material film (5) electrically insulated therefrom on a conductor plate (6) and electrically conductively to connect each with a respective conductor track portion (7, 8 or 7, 10, 8, 9).

Abstract: A capacitive type pressure sensing transducer comprised of a housing having a pressure sensitive element which interfaces with an applied pressure force to be sensed and measured and which moves in response to force changes to vary the volume of the housing in direct relation to such changes. The housing is filled with a fluid which is in fluid flow communication with a multi-capacitor fluid level sensor. The sensor is formed of a first pair of plate type capacitors of like fixed capacitive value and a second pair of plate type capacitors having like open dielectric spaces for receiving varying levels of fluid from the transducer housing in response to changes in the volume of the housing. Thus, a change in pressure applied to the pressure sensitive element of the transducer produces a corresponding change in the fluid level within the dielectric spaces of the second pair of capacitors of the sensor and a corresponding change in the capacitance value of such capacitors.

Abstract: Arranged in succession on a common optical axis is a laser, a modulator for shifting the frequency of light produced by the laser, an optical system for forming two light beams, a system of markers formed on the surface of a specimen being tested and a recorder of an interference pattern resulting from the interference of light scattered by the markers.

Abstract: In an apparatus for determining the amount of compressive force exerted on an elastomeric material, there is provided an elastomeric material retainer, compression apparatus cooperative with the elastomeric material retainer and compressive force measuring apparatus and deflection apparatus to measure the amount of compressive force exerted on the elastomeric material and the amount of compression which the elastomeric material experiences.

Abstract: A Karman vortex type flow measuring apparatus comprises a duct (1) for a fluid whose flow rate or flow velocity is to be measured, and a columnar vortex shedding member (2) extending within the duct transversely of the fluid flow direction. The fluid flow near the vortex shedding member has a width (X) of which the ratio (X/D) to the width (D) of the vortex shedding member lies within the range between 3 and 4. A highly accurate measurement can be achieved independently of the cross-sectional configuration of the duct and for a wide range of the fluid flow rate or flow velocity.

Abstract: A notch filter arrangement for reducing vibration noise in a vortex shedding flowmeter circuit is disclosed which utilizes a plurality of sequentially closable switches. The plurality of switches are all closed during a single period of the vibration signal fundamental frequency. Each switch is connected in series to a capacitor which is connected to the output signal of a vortex sensor so that the instantaneous average voltage of the vibration signal during any increment of time is subtracted from the vortex shedding frequency signal to produce a noise reduced signal.

Abstract: A novel acoustic flow-measuring apparatus and method of the type comprising a plurality of pairs of transducers mounted at the walls of a pipe carrying the fluid to be measured. Each pair is formed of opposed upstream and downstream transducers which project and receive acoustic energy toward each other along an intermediate acoustic path. Circuit means are provided whereby a general velocity distribution function is particularized by a relatively simple signal processing system utilizing a curve-fitting procedure.

Abstract: A flow rate transducer has a housing in which a cylindrical fluid chamber and a support portion surrounded by an annular guide groove formed coaxial with the fluid chamber are formed. Rotatably carried by the support portion is a vane wheel having plate pieces arranged circumferentially of the vane wheel at regular intervals and extending in the guide groove. A light emitting element and a light receiving element are disposed to face a locus defined by the rotated plate pieces so that, every time the plate pieces pass by the light receiving element, the light receiving element produces an electrical signal to measure the flow rate of a fluid in the fluid chamber. The support portion has vane wheel speed adjusting chambers each having an L-shaped configuration and opening to said guide groove for minimizing the flow rate measurement errors of the flow rate transducer both in the high and low rate regions.

Abstract: Torsion sensor for a grinding machine having a torsion bar with non-linear characteristics provided between the drive shaft of the grinding machine motor and the grinding wheel spindle, and detector means for detecting the twisting angle of the torsion bar.

Abstract: A device for measuring the distance moved by an applicator head of a container filling and capping station and, hence, a force applied by the head, the device having a housing, a plunger telescopically inter-fitted with the housing so as to be substantially linearly movable relative thereto, a biasing device biasing the members to a rest position, and an indicator mounted on the members; the indicator having at least one component thereof movable such that, during one stage of relative movement of the members from their rest position against the bias of the biasing device and return to their rest position under such bias, the at least one component is fixed relative to one of the members and movable relative to the other member, and such that during the other stage of that movement the at least one component is fixed relative to the other of the members and movable relative to the one member to thereby provide a measure of the relative movement of the members in one of the stages, and wherein the external for

Abstract: A load cell includes a bridge circuit having first to fourth strain gauge resistors and first and second temperature compensating resistors connected to the respective first and second strain gauge resistors. The first to fourth strain gauge resistors comprise a Nichrome layer formed on an insulating film, the first and second temperature compensating resistors each comprise a two-layered structure of the Nichrome layer and a titanium layer formed thereon, and connecting means for connecting the first to fourth strain gauge resistors and first and second temperature compensating resistors comprise a three-layered structure of the Nichrome layer and titanium layer and also a gold layer formed on the titanium layer.

Abstract: An air sampler constructed as an integrated unit which can be attached to the clothing of personnel operating in an area where the air must be sampled. The sampler includes a pump, a damper, a regulator, a filter for removing dust or dirt from the air being sampled, and collecting or processing means for the sampled air. The pump is driven by a motor provided with a control which maintains the flow of air through the sampler constant. The regulator is connected directly between the inlet and the outlet of the sampler. It includes a pair of chambers separated by a flexible diaphragm, one chamber connected to the outlet and the other to the inlet. For a pressure differential exceeding a predetermined magnitude between the outlet chamber and the inlet chamber, the diaphragm by its flexing opens a valve to permit air to flow from the outlet to the inlet. The filter is in a transparent container so that it can be seen and removed when it becomes excessively loaded with dirt.

Abstract: Apparatus for obtaining samples of liquids such as raw sewage from a flow line (1) comprises a tube (2) opening into a container (4) and a tube (7) connecting between a pressure medium supply (9) and the container (4). A reservoir (8) connects with the tube (7) and can be vented. By means of the controlled operation of valves the pressure medium is used to clear the tube (2) before opening of a valve (5) a controlled volume of the pressure medium is passed to the reservoir (8) to withdraw a liquid sample into the container (4), excess sample above the level of the tube (2a) is transferred back to the flow line (1), and the tube (2) is again cleared. The valves (5, 6) do not therefore have any contact with any liquid from the line (1) during their operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sampling condensate from a vacuum chamber employing a positive displacement pump, a pulsation dampener having sufficient volumetric flexibility to substantially dampen the pump's pressure surge, and a pressure regulating valve. The apparatus can be used in conjunction with sodium detectors, ion exchange analyzers, conductivity cells and other contaminant monitoring devices.