Abstract: A method of recovery of furnace gas energy for use to recover excess gas energy from a single or a plurality of furnace gas energy recovering plants each including an expansion turbine mounted in each exhaust system of each blast furnace. In one embodiment, excess gas beyond the power of the respective expansion turbine to recover is removed from each exhaust system of each blast furnace concerned through a branch line, and the removed excess gas is introduced into another expansion turbine through a pressure control valve, to thereby recover the energy possessed by the excess gas.

Abstract: A starting power source is connected to a jet engine of an aircraft by alternative drive trains having different mechanical advantages, each associated with a clutch. The clutches are centrally supplied with cooling fluid and the discs and plates of the clutches are grooved to promote outward migration of the fluid resulting in a thin shear film of fluid on the opposing clutch surfaces to permit a soft, gradual engagement. It is possible to start the engine with only a single shift which occurs after the ignition point has been reached and during the assist phase of the starting procedure. The invention can be applied to aircraft having more than one engine.

Abstract: An electrothermal gas thrust unit for a space vehicle has a thrust chamber with an extension tube extending upstream therefrom. An injector tube leads into the extension tube and a diaphragm contacting the extension tube adjacent its juncture with the injection tube conducts heat away from that juncture to maintain the local temperature at a level below that at which liquid fuel (such as hydrazine) vaporizes.

Abstract: Stall elimination means in a jet turbofan engine includes a plurality of pairs of generally parallel case struts arranged in an annular row in an annular fan bypass duct of the engine, and a series of freely-rotatable vanes, each vane disposed between a pair of the struts and movable between open and closed positions. In its open position, each vane is aligned with the direction of normal, positive air flow in the duct, while in its closed position it extends generally across the duct and blocks most reverse air flow in the duct. The vane automatically rotates to the closed position in response to the onset of an adverse pressure gradient in the duct.

Abstract: An augmentor in a turbofan jet engine utilizes a crossover chute assembly direct portions of the bypass fan stream inwardly and portions of the hot core stream outwardly into alternating radial zones of fan and core stream flow; and also annularizes a portion of the core stream around those zones. A plurality of angularly positionable radial vanes causes rotational swirl of the radial zones in one direction to produce buoyant "g" forces that effect rapid inward propagation of a flame front from the annularized zone.

Abstract: In the preferred form, the invention disclosed herein provides a single servo control valve to modulate the flow of control fluid to a servo mechanism of a variable displacement pump wherein the single valve is provided with both a manual primary input and an electro-hydraulic secondary input which modulates the primary input. The servo valve is spring biased toward a neutral position with the manual input displacement command being applied to such servo valve through a resilient linkage. Also applied to the servo valve is a hydraulic signal which is electrically controlled to modify the displacement of the servo valve relative to the yieldably applied manual input.

Abstract: A hydrostatic drive system consisting of at least two component systems is provided, each component consisting of an adjustable pump, where the loading of the pump adjusting cylinder is regulated by a hydraulically controlled servo control valve, one side of which is acted upon by the delivery pressure of the associated pump and the other side is acted upon through a control pressure line by pressure beyond the metering restrictor, the improvement comprising a coupling valve to which all delivery lines and all the control pressure lines are connected, each through a branch connection line wherein the said valve in the closed position shuts off all the branch connection lines and in the open position connects all the delivery lines together and all the control pressure lines together and is hydraulically controlled, a first pressure chamber on one side of said valve to which each delivery line is connected, a valve element in said pressure chamber being loaded with a pretensioned spring on said first chamber,

Abstract: A supercharger control system for the internal combustion engine comprising a supercharger for applying a supercharge pressure to the engine by driving a compressor with a turbine rotated by the energy of the exhaust gas, and an exhaust gas bypass valve for regulating the amount of the exhaust gas supplied to the turbine. A factor related to the engine combustion state such as a knocking condition is detected, and a signal representing the condition is generated. At least one output pressure produced from the compressor is modified in accordance with the above-mentioned signal. The pressure thus modified is used for adjusting the opening of the exhaust gas bypass valve thereby to control the supercharge pressure.

Abstract: A connection for an exhaust gas return pipe which includes a duct spirally disposed around an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine. Exhaust gases flow through the duct and enter, from the spiral duct, through overflow openings into the intake pipe so as to enable the exhaust gases to be intensively mixed with the intake air.

Abstract: A turbocharged internal combustion engine in which a substantially constant output power is provided over a wide range of engine speeds. A turbocharger is utilized which provides its maximum output at an intermediate engine speed. A rotary valve is provided in the intake manifold passages for each of the cylinders of the engine. The valve is rotated at half the speed of the crankshaft with the phase of the valve controlled in accordance with a predetermined engine parameter such as the intake manifold pressure, the exhaust manifold pressure, or the speed of rotation of the engine.

Abstract: In a steam turbine used with a power plant operated under variable pressure of the steam which is fed to the turbine through control valves, the control apparatus is arranged to control the control valves according to a signal obtained by adding an opening set signal with a compensation signal which is determined in dependence on a difference between a turbine stage steam pressure signal and a signal derived by multiplying the opening set signal with a ratio of the actual value of the control valve inlet steam pressure to a rated value thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inoculating a liquid latent heat storage substance of the type convertible to the solid state on cooling is disclosed. A portion of the substance is caused to crystallize on a cooled active surface, immersed in the substance and preferably vertically arranged, whereupon the active surface is heated to fuse-off the formed crystals to release them into the liquid portion of the storage substance to thus form inoculation seeds on which further crystallization of the storage substance takes place on withdrawal of heat from same. In one described embodiment, a pair of active surfaces is provided by using a Peltier element operating with a DC source having selectively reversible polarity whereby one surface is cooled down while the other is heated and vice versa, depending on the instant polarity of the DC source.

Abstract: The fuel required to provide the energy for compressing a gas can be reduced by compressing the gas substantially adiabatically through a pressure ratio of at least 2.5:1 in a compressor, cooling the hot compressed gas by heat exchange with water at superatmospheric pressure, further heating the water to produce super-heated steam and using the superheated steam to drive the compressor. The total amount of fuel consumed can be considerably less than that used for compressing gas conventionally (i.e. substantially isothermally).

Abstract: An aircraft cabin humidification system for humidifying an air mass within the cabin. The system comprises:(a) means for ventilating the cabin with a ram air stream;(b) means for humidifying the air of the ram air stream so as to maintain a desired level of humidity within the cabin;(c) means for exhausting at least a portion of said air from the cabin;(d) removal means for at least partially removing moisture from the air removed from the cabin;(e) recycle means for recycling at least a portion of the moisture from the exhausted air; and(f) humidification means for humidifying the cabin by adding at least a portion of the removed moisture to the cabin.A method for ventilating an aircraft cabin comprising the steps of:(a) injecting ram air into the cabin;(b) humidifying the ram air by injecting moisture therein;(c) exhausting air from said cabin;(d) removing moisture from the exhausted air of step (c);(e) recycling the removed moisture of step (d); and(f) reinjecting the removed moisture into the ram air.

Abstract: The present application relates to the means and method for controlling of refrigerant pressure of a refrigeration circuit and for controlling current input to a compressor of one or more refrigeration circuits in an inverse proportional relationship to the point temperature of a temperature setting, thereby enabling the compressors of a plurality of refrigeration circuits connected to a power supply to be broken upon a predetermined current increase beyond the current being controlled in an inverse proportional relationship to the point temperature of a temperature setting; enabling the automatic resetting of the circuit to the power supply when the predetermined current increase had been alleviated; and enabling the compressor of one or more refrigeration circuits to be maintained running after the temperature of an area being conditioned by the compressor of one or more refrigeration circuits becomes equal to the temperature of a temperature setting.

Abstract: A heat pump system utilizing water for heat transfer purposes from a well having a continuous supply rate capability which is less than that required by the heat pump of the system is arranged to provide for the continuous return to the well of a portion of pump discharged water as required to stabilize the level of water in the well.

Abstract: An article of jewellery, especially in the shape of a butterfly or insect has two attachments, one for each end of a chain or a string. The attachments are fixed to the free ends of inherently rigid wires, the other ends of said wires being fastened to a body of said article of jewellery in such a way that they articulate freely with said body. An eye or sleeve encircling each one of said wires and being slideable along these wires is fixed to one end of an elongated part of a pair of such elongated parts, the other ends of the latter being fastened to the body of the article of jewellery in such a way that they articulate freely with said body, the points of attachment of said elongated parts on said body being spaced apart from the points of attachment of said wires on said body. This construction allows a movement between different parts of the article of jewellery when the wearer of the article of jewellery moves, creating interesting changes in the contour of the article of jewellery.

Abstract: The wall of an oxidizing chamber for the continuous thermal oxidative stabilization of organic fibers which undergo exothermic reaction during treatment thereof possesses high thermal conductance and has an internal surface of high total normal emissivity to absorb heat from the fibers generated by the exothermic oxidation reaction.

Abstract: A lock mechanism is disclosed for use with sliding, swinging or overhead doors. A receiver is affixed to the door frame and a bolt, linkage and handle are affixed to the door. The linkage allows the bolt to engage the receiver by sliding along the receiver until it becomes latched so that the door may be closed though the handle is locked. Pulling upon the unlocked handle retracts the bolt from the receiver and also causes the door to start opening.

Abstract: A locking device which is operated by an inserted perforated card includes a bolt with rows of bores and a body within the casing of the device corresponding having bores in line with the first named bores and tumbler units located in the aligned bores and selectively displaceable by means of the inserted card.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming, from a generally conical billet, a hollow forging of desired wall thickness having a generally conical portion tapering to a smaller cylindrical extension, the inner and outer surfaces of the conical portion having minor predetermined and spatially related devisions from purely conical configurations, said apparatus comprising, in combination, a die having a concave conical configuration, with a cylindrical extension at the smaller end, to conform to the desired external configuration of said forging; a punch having a convex conical configuration to conform to the desired configuration of the inner surface of the conical portion of the forging; and means mounting the punch for movement coaxially into the die from the larger end thereof, to an extent which determines the wall thickness of the forging.

Abstract: Known swaging machines comprise swaging rams extending in a swaging box in a radial direction with respect to the path for the workpiece and carry swaging dies at their inner ends. To enable swaging rams of small dimensions and a compact structure to be used while avoiding sealing problems, the swaging rams have an elliptical cross section, with a major axis extending parallel to the workpiece path.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a press preferably fabricated of a plurality of plates secured in facing engagement and configured to define a frame having an opening therein, an expansile and contractile ram in the frame opening having its opposite ends respectively movable toward and away from opposite frame ends for performing work between each ram end and the respective adjacent frame end, and a fluid operating system for expanding and contracting the ram in the frame opening.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for monitoring the concentration of gas in a liquid includes a semi-permeable diaphragm across the face of which the liquid flows. Gas contained in the liquid permeates through the diaphragm into a chamber and the pressure within the chamber is measured. This pressure is representative of the concentration of gas in the liquid and permits control of the quantity of gas injected.

Abstract: A gas stream detection apparatus having a balanced resistive bridge network enclosed within a housing and an electronic power supply for driving the bridge network. The power supply includes a voltage source feeding a voltage-to-current converter with two differential inputs, a current sensing resistor between the converter and bridge, twin feedback paths to the differential inputs, and a large source resistance connected to the voltage source and in parallel with a smaller source resistance, each connected to separate differential inputs. The resistance R of two bridge filaments increase by .DELTA.R when exposed to high sample gas concentration causing variations in a current I supplied to the bridge. As .DELTA.R increases, a bridge output voltage E.sub.O decreases. The dependence of current I on .DELTA.R depends on circuit parameters. The difference between the source resistances permits the voltage source to be non-constant and load dependent.

Abstract: In a psychrometer for measuring the humidity of a gas flow, especially a gas flow having a temperature of above 100.degree. C., a flow of liquid is supplied to a wick surrounding the wet sensor via a preheater which heats the liquid to approximately the wet bulb temperature of the gas stream before the liquid comes into contact with the wet sensor, thereby avoiding cooling of the wet sensor by the liquid. The necessary preheating of the liquid can be achieved largely by heat exchange between the liquid and the gas flow downstream of the wet sensor; such heat exchange may be effected in part by using an auxiliary wick from which a portion of the liquid evaporates before the rest of the liquid reaches the main wick.

Abstract: A hydrogen embrittlement tester, for a metal sample, has a vise device for holding the sample.For testing bend fracture, the distance between both ends of the sample is measured, which corresponds to that of the distance between the sample holding members. For testing the delayed fracture, the time from when the sample is held until it is fractured is measured.An electric path is formed between the sample holding members and the sample only when the sample is held so that measurement can be automatically stopped when the sample is fractured.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed which enables quantities of fuel, successively injected from different injection nozzles into a measuring chamber which is bounded by a measuring piston, to be measured, even individually, without emptying this chamber between two successive injections by actuating a drain valve.For this purpose, a unidirectional and stepwise displacement of the measuring piston--starting, in each case, from its final position following its last yielding movement--is detected by a precision position transmitter and is evaluated by an electronic recording instrument.Measurements can be made quickly with respect to all the pump elements making up an injection pump, individually and successively, using only one measuring arrangement.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for Diesel engines includes a combustion detector comprising a photoelectric transducer and a light path extended through a nozzle body to transmit the light of a combustion flame developed in an engine cylinder to the photoelectric transducer. One end of the light path is opened to an oil sump communicating with a nozzle opening so that only when the nozzle opening is opened for injecting fuel and then a combustion flame is developed, the light of the flame is passed through the light path and reaches the photoelectric transducer thereby generating an electric signal indicative of the actual time of the combustion. The whole or part of the light path may be comprised of optical fibers.

Abstract: Measurements of the deformability of deep rock masses are made by positioning a borehole jack (20) having opposed bearing plates (22, 24) in a borehole at a position at which measurements are to be made, and driving the pressure plates (22, 24) apart to displace the walls of the borehole. A lateral displacement probe (30) is mounted between the pressure plate surfaces in position to detect and measure displacements of the wall of the borehole at points lying on a diameter perpendicular to the direction of the resultant of the equal and opposite forces applied by the pressure plates (22, 24) to the wall (21) of the borehole. The lateral displacement probe (30) includes probe tips (35) that are biased firmly against the wall (21) of the borehole to move inwardly or outwardly therewith. A displacement transducer provides an output signal transmitted to the surface which is indicative of the displacements of the probe tips (35).

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for gathering monitored data from one or more selected wells of a number of wells and reducing the monitored data in a real time manner to a useful form for analysis by one skilled in ground water evaluation. The apparatus can also be used to control the discharge rate of well water to further assist in the analysis of the characteristics of the selected wells. The apparatus is an integrated system which includes a computer, a number of inter-communicating modules, probes inserted in the wells for sensing water level, and a flow meter for use in measuring water flow rate. A control module directly interfaces with the computer and controls the sending of control and data information to and from the computer. A pump/flow module communicates with the control module and is used in controlling the discharge rate of water from a selected well operatively joined to a pump.

Abstract: A multi-range gas flowmeter having a primary gas flow passage and a secondary passage which houses the flow measuring device and which is connected to the primary passage at its inlet and outlet ends. A multi-position valve is located in the primary passage between the inlet and outlet ends of the secondary passage to divert all or a portion of the flow to the secondary passage, depending upon the value of the flow rate to be measured.

Abstract: A vane wheel water meter having a vane wheel disposed in a vane chamber located between an inlet and an outlet with the meter body being positioned above the vane chamber. The vane wheel has a body with several vanes extending outwardly perpendicular to the vane axis. Stepped back stops are provided on the upper surface of the vane wheel body which gradually incline downwardly in the normal rotational direction of the vane wheel relative to the inlet. Stop pins are mounted within respective cylinders provided in meter body for coacting with the back stops to stop the vane wheel from rotating in the reverse rotational direction. The vane wheel body can be shaped like a truncate cone.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring liquid level in a container, particularly the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, has a plurality of detector stages for sensing or detecting a plurality of liquid level ranges, whereby an indicator stage can be arranged to indicate a first, normal range of measurement, and a second, precise resolution can be obtained of at least a portion of the overall measurement range, without requiring an excessively larger indicator stage. This is accomplished by arranging at least two groups of sensing elements one above the other in the tank and connecting them to indicator elements via change-over circuits such that one range of measurement is made via one group of sensing elements and a second, more precise range of measurements is made via a second group of sensing elements.

Abstract: A miniature rate-integrating gyroscope is shown to comprise: an electrical motor (whose rotor, when rotating, constitutes a gyroscopic mass) mounted in a single degree of motion gimbal within a cylindrical case; a motion sensor to determine any rotation of such gimbal with respect to such case, such sensor including a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding movable with respect to each other so that the phase difference between alternating signals in the primary and secondary windings is analogous to such rotation; phase detecting circuitry to produce a control signal representative of such phase difference; a torque generator responsive to the control signal to null any rotation of such gimbal; and a fluid damper to critically damp any rotation of such gimbal.

Abstract: An improved acoustic emission transducer is provided for sensing surface flat frequency response displacement waveforms which transducer is arranged in a packaged form to provide a device of rugged construction which is substantially immune to rough handling, which is smaller in size, and which is easy to use. The arrangement includes a sensor element mounted with an inertia mass comprised of a material substantially matching the impedence of the sensing element, and of substantial size in order to clamp one phase of the sensor element from high frequency motions. The device is mounted in a housing under a continuously applied positive pressure or force in order to maintain the sensor element in the clamped position regardless of orientation of the transducer, which has the effect of reducing undershoot, among other things, in the output response signal produced by the transducer.

Abstract: A system for the detection of wing icing by monitoring variations in flexural waves transmitted through the outer plate material of an aircraft airfoil. The flexural waves in the plate of the wing airfoil are more subject to variation from the accumulation of ice on the wing than the compressional waves. The flexural waves are detected apart from the compressional waves, which tend to remain relatively constant, to provide an indication of icing. Changes in amplitude, phase or dispersion characteristics of the flexural waves are detected to indicate ice buildup, and, in one embodiment, these values are ratioed to the corresponding levels in the compressional wave in order to provide compensation for variations other than ice buildup. The ultrasonic waves may be coupled directly from a transducer to the airfoil plate or via an ultrasonic waveguide interposed between the transducer and the plate.

Abstract: A device sensitive to pressure waves including first and second sheets of polyvinylidene fluoride supported in spaced apart relationship. The major faces of each sheet are provided with respective inner and outer foils of copper and an electrically insulating sheet of PTFE is sandwiched between, and bonded to, the inner foils. The first and second sheets are poled in a direction normal to their respective major surfaces so as to be more sensitive to pressures waves incident thereon, along said normal direction, than to pressure waves incident thereon along other directions. The inner electrically conductive sheets are electrically connected together and a voltage sensor is used to detect voltages, developed across the major surfaces of the first and second sheets and indicative of pressure waves incident thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting a pressure differential sensor from exceeding a maximum allowable pressure differential. The apparatus has a housing which has a low-pressure chamber and a high-pressure chamber. A pressure-sensitive member separates the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber from one another. A blocking member is provided for blocking the entrance of fluid into the high-pressure chamber in response to the pressure-sensitive member sensing an initial differential pressure between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber which exceeds the maximum allowable differential pressure. There may also be provided equilibration structure for creating a hysteresis loop as to the magnitude of the pressure differential between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber.

Abstract: A manometer is provided for metering samples of fluid flowing in devices wherein particle concentration in the fluid is being counted or measured. Such devices include particle counters for determining blood cell concentration in body fluid. The device includes low permeable stretchable diaphragms in the device connections for containing the mercury therein, and a slide valve in the vent connection to restrict the movement of the mercury during storage or shipment. The arrangement herein includes, also, a one-way valve downstream of the "stop" point to stop flow substantially immediately upon the cessation of the measurement interval to reduce unwanted airflow to the counting aperture. A start and stop arrangement in the mercury flow path for causing the leading edge of the mercury meniscus at the axis thereof to engage the electrode contacts includes simple wire tips extending into the mercury flow path to the axis thereof for engaging the axis of the mercury meniscus.

Abstract: Apparatus which measures loads imposed on load carrying members, and particularly such members in presses, to indicate the peak load reached during a press cycle, has circuits for amplifying the electrical signal from a sensing device such as a strain gage bridge, a peak detector which provides an output representing the peak load, and a digital indicator. Zero setting is achieved by integrating and holding an offset voltage derived by an integrating circuit in negative feedback relationship with the circuit which amplifies the signals from the sensing device. Calibration of the apparatus for press factor is obtained by adjusting the gain of a variable gain stage in the amplifier. The peak detector is reset each press cycle when the load sensed bears a predetermined ratio to rated or full capacity load.

Abstract: An ambient aerosol sampling device according to the disclosure herein includes a cyclonic fractionator comprised of an inner tube positioned partially inside a larger diameter middle tube that is plugged at the bottom. A still larger sized outer tube is positioned over the middle tube to receive air flow out of the middle tube and direct it to a conventional filter substrate. A plurality of vanes are positioned at the inlet of the inner tube to impart a vertical motion to an air stream flowing therein. A protective cover is positioned over the vanes and cyclonic fractionator, and an aerodynamic deflector at the bottom of the cover and air ramp inside the cover provides an omni-directional inlet pathway to draw air into the sampling device and to guide the airstream into the vanes.

Abstract: A compressed gas sampling device is shown which includes a pressure reducing orifice to permit collection of a gas sample at a low pressure. A filter cartridge is connected between a flow meter and a pressurized source for analysis and gas is passed through the cartridge for a predetermined period of time. The cartridge may then be analyzed by a laboratory to determine contaminants which may be present in the source gas under analysis.

Abstract: A needle, for use in withdrawing a liquid sample from sample vessels closed by self-sealing diaphragms, includes a capillary tube 12 turned inwardly at its end. The end thereof is tapered conically at the inside as well as at the outside.

Abstract: A sterile water collector of the type comprising a sample device (11) and a sample receptacle (1), and in which the sample receptacle is activated by means of a dropping plummit, which brings about opening of an inlet to the evacuated sample receptacle, which consists of a flexible wall structure (6) located between two rigid end bodies (2,3), whereby the rigid end bodies by means of a load are arranged to be pulled in a direction away from each other a certain distance when the sample device (11) is activated, whereby the sample water is sucked into the receptacle.

Abstract: A pump jack comprises a rocker arm one end of which is fixed to the upper end of a sucker rod. The other limb of the rocker arm has rigidly affixed thereto a downwardly-extending drive support member and a large driven pinion is eccentrically and rotatably mounted at the lower end of this drive support member. The driven pinion is engaged by a chain, which also passes around a driving pinion fixed to the base of the pump jack. This drive arrangement reduces the acceleration and shock loadings imposed upon the sucker rod at the beginning of its upstroke and reduces the size and cost of the gearbox necessary to connect a prime mover to the driving pinion.

Abstract: First and second concentric input shafts are connected to an engine crankshaft through friction clutches, one for each input shaft. Two countershafts carrying forward speed ratio and reverse drive output gears are driven from pinions carried by each of the input shafts. Synchronizer clutches connect the output gears to the respective countershafts. The first forward speed output gear is mounted on its countershaft by way of an overrunning clutch. One forward speed output gear is continuously engaged with the reverse drive output gear and functions as a reverse idler for changing the direction of rotation of the countershaft when reverse drive is selected.

Abstract: An improved twist gas strip for the handlebar of a motorcycle or the like in which a bowden cable return roll housing has a continuous slit for suspending the bowden cable, which slit is closed above the return roll by a detachable lid.

Abstract: A remote control rear view mirror which includes; a mirror member and a mirror supporting member of molded plastic and each mounted on transversely disposed trunnion supports in a housing member, a gear member provided on the mirror supporting member and engaged with a gear segment provided on the mirror member, single cable means operative of the gear member for turning it and axially moving it to change the viewing angle of the mirror member, and a control mechanism for effecting axial and rotational movement of the gear member via the cable means with only rotational movement at the control.

Abstract: A method of supplying tips for a fiber forming bushing is provided which involves mating the tips to a hole in a bushing plate, applying pressure to the tip sidewalls against the plate to firmly seal them followed by a high temperature treatment to form a homogeneous metal bond.