Abstract: A process for producing VLSI (very large scale integrated) circuits employs techniques of self-aligned gates and contacts for FET devices and for both diffused conducting lines in the substrate and polysilicon conducting lines situated on isolating field oxide formed on the substrate. Mask alignment tolerances are increased and rendered non-critical. The use of materials in successive layers having different etch characteristics permits selective oxidation of desired portions only of the structure without need for masking and removal of selected material from desired locations by batch removal processes again without use of masking. There results VLSI circuits having increased density and reliability.

Abstract: A multiplicity of integrated circuit connector contact sockets mounted to a plurality of carrier strips are moved between pairs of orientation rollers with tails of the contacts protruding upwardly whereby an upper socket portion of one contact is aligned with an upper socket portion of a contact on a carrier strip in an adjacent row. A plurality of integrated circuit connector insulators having socket receiving apertures formed therein are held together in an array and placed over the contact tails with one tail being received within each aperture of an insulator. The carrier strips are simultaneously advanced beneath a work station wherein a tool presses the insulators downwardly to tightly fit the contact socket portions into the receiving apertures in the insulators. A shearing tool then severs the insulators in the array from one another except for the continued affixation of the contact sockets to the parallel carrier strips.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing and securing a plug-in electronic unit or the like to or from an avionics tray comprises a threaded spindle carrying a transverse pin at one end thereof and having an arrangement of three concentric sleeves located about the spindle. Stop members are provided to limit the movement of the sleeves in both axial directions along the threaded spindle. A rotatable grip is fitted about the innermost of the three concentric sleeves at that end of the sleeve remote from the transverse pin. A ring member is positioned about the middle of the three sleeves and cooperates with an extended flange of the latter to define an annular recess which contains a resilient element. A torque-limiting arrangement is provided between the rotatable grip and a co-operating surface portion of the middle of the three sleeves.

Abstract: A wiring tool for wiring electric multi-pin plug-in connectors, connector strips or the like has a plunger for pressing a conductor into a cutting clamp provided in a connecting block, whereupon the connecting block is stepped one interpin space at a time after each individual wiring action. To use the wiring tool for processing all types of plug-in connectors, connector strips or the like, without being tied to the existence of special indentations or tongues, the tool also has a feed lever (32), disposed approximately at the level of the access opening for the conductor and projecting into the guide (22) for the connecting block (1), which is moved by an actuating drive (9, 11) of the plunger (28) and which moves the connecting block (1) on by one interpin space after each working stroke of the plunger (28).

Abstract: Workpiece attaching and detaching apparatus comprising a supporting column having on one side of the periphery thereof a first station for a pallet to be charged or discharged, and on another side thereof a second station for a workpiece to be charged or discharged. Annular rails are attached to the column surrounding the same. Plural heads are supported on the rails. An indexing device is provided for selecting a desired one of the heads and moving the selected head between its first working position opposite the first station and its second working position located opposite the second station. Each of the heads is provided with both a holding mechanism for the workpiece and a device for operating fasteners on the pallet.

Abstract: Apparatus for stacking a plurality of laminate layers in registered superposed relation to enable the layers to be joined to form a composite board comprising a table having a surface on which a plurality of laminate layers can be successively stacked in aligned superposed relation on pins slidably received in respective apertures in the table. The pins rest on support members which are carried on a lower support table mounted beneath the surface of the table on which the laminate layers are stacked. The lower support table is raised relative to the stack of laminate layers after successive laminate layers have been placed on the pins so that a given projection of the pins from the laminate layers will be obtained.

Abstract: A chip mounting substrate which comprises inserting holes formed in a substrate for inserting chips in, a sheet provided on the top surface of the substrate to cover the holes and having adhesivity on the inner surface covering the holes, and wiring pattern provided on the back surface of the substrate so as to be associated with electrode portions of the chips inserted in the inserting holes, so that after inserting the chips in the inserting holes to thereby temporarily adhere and fix them by the sheet, the electrode portion of each chip and the associated wiring pattern are soldered and connected together.

Abstract: Chain saw bar having at its free end a sprocket 20 which supports the saw chain and is rotatably mounted between two side plates (18, 19) in the saw bar on a tubular shaft (26) which is rigidly connected to the sprocket and is adapted to transfer rotation to a driven shaft inserted into the tubular shaft bearing means (24, 25) being arranged in both side plates rotatably supporting the tubular shaft. According to the invention the tubular shaft (26) is short enough to be inserted into a kerf sawed by a saw chain mounted on the saw bar.

Abstract: A lightweight, fluid-powered, portable rescue cutter tool for applying a high magnitude cutting force is disclosed comprising a body having a longitudinal axis including a fluid cylinder and a forward end structure, and a pair of cutting blades pivotally connected to the forward end structure. Fluid-actuated force means are movable along the longitudinal axis of the body and linking means, asymmetrically secured to the cutting blades and interconnecting the fluid actuated force means with the cutting blades, are utilized for pivoting the cutting blades between non-cutting open and closed cutting positions. Handles are provided for manipulating and supporting the rescue cutter tool and control means are provided adjacent one of the handles for controlling the fluid-actuated force means to pivot the cutting blades between non-cutting and cutting positions as desired.

Abstract: Two mutually exclusively operable tape measures mounted in a housing such that each tape is adapted to extend linearly from opposite ends of the housing. Each tape measure is adapted to engage a series of gears which, when engaged, turn a counter to total the distance to which the tapes are linearly extended from the housing.Only one of the two tapes may be engaged at one time. Upon the extension of either of the two tapes, the counter is actuated to register the total distance between the ends of the tapes.

Abstract: A center distance tool comprising a mounting block defining an open ended chamber, an indicator bar fixably mounted to another mounting block perpendicular to the chamber. A gauge bar slidably maintained longitudinally to said indicator bar, the gauge bar having a generally L-shaped configuration. A script plate mounted to gauge bar for visual read out of center distance.

Abstract: A robot `teaching head` for attachment to the operating arm (8) of a robot and usable for accurately setting the robot arm to respective ones of a sequence of positions, relative to a workpiece or template while `teaching` the robot to carry out a process involving movement through that sequence. The head comprises a hollow cyclindrical body (1), a sprung slidable sleeve (14) on the body from which there extends a series of attitude setting contact fingers (42) able to make contact with the workpiece and thereby set the attitude of the robot arm, a distance setting contact member (29, 34) for defining a desired distance between the workpiece and robot arm, and a hydraulically driven probe (24, 38) for centering the arm over a desired position on the workpiece. A series of indicator lamps (49) give a visual check of accurate positioning.

Abstract: A self-centering alignment gauge for determining automotive frame and body structure alignment has a clip to permit hanging such gauges outside of the vehicle body, from the top surface of the rocker panel.

Abstract: A precision level embodying solid state electronics is disclosed. A level body portion contains chambers for paired light emitting diodes operable to indicate angular deviations from true horizontal and true vertical over desired ranges. A mercury droplet in each compartment is in contact with an arcuate conducting strip leading to a battery terminal of one polarity. Upon angular displacement of the level, the mercury droplet sequentially contacts light emitting diode leads of like polarity. The light emitting diode leads of opposite polarity are connected through a common conductor element and an on-off switch of the level to a battery terminal of like polarity. The same switch is operably connected with the groups of light emitting diodes used to indicate angular deviations from the true horizontal and true vertical. The light emitting diodes may be embedded in a clear transparent medium or in variously colored translucent elements.

Abstract: A multi-functional tool arranged to allow rapid marking of perpendicular and angular lines on material surfaces is disclosed. One or more extendable stops are provided in the body of the tool to rapidly fix the angular orientation of a marking edge. Optionally, associated measuring devices such as a level, tape measure, and plumb bob, may be included to facilitate the location and orientation of the position to be marked.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for R.F. drying of coated articles, such as gummed envelope flaps wherein the wet gummed flaps are moved through a curvilinear array of electrodes comprising a plate and a grid. The envelopes are carried between two belts around a drum having the plate and grid disposed adjacent to the periphery of the drum. The R.F. current travels diagonally between offset electrodes mounted on the plate and grid. The plate and grid are mounted in a housing which includes an air circulating system to remove heat and moisture from the housing. A screen forms a portion of one wall of the housing through which heat and moisture are exhausted from the housing. The drum is provided with fan blades to remove heat and moisture from within the confines of the drum.

Abstract: An enhanced heat transfer process whereby solid particles are heated, dried, or cooled by a gas: Particles are repeatedly lifted and dropped as, for example, in flighted rotary drums. By forced recirculation, gas is passed through showering particles generally perpendicular to their plane of fall. Examples show gas forced to contact particles in this manner imparts an overall volumetric heat transfer coefficient to a rotary drum superior to that expected from classical literature or presently operating rotary drum heat exchangers. Disclosure teaches gas temperature adjustment between forced recirculations. Technique usage will reduce exchanger captial cost, increase energy efficiency, and reduce pollution problems. Also, prewetting of the particles in certain instances can be utilized to effect substantially increased pseudo volumetric heat transfer coefficients when cooling non-hygroscopic materials.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiator enclosed in an individual housing is formed as an attachment to a motor-driven hair drier. The ultraviolet radiator is mountable on the tubular extension of the hair drier.

Abstract: The equipment comprises in a lyophilization autoclave an auxiliary inspection door formed in the lower region of the lyophilization chamber main door and effective to allow full view of, and access to, the product carrying plate pack at the bottom of the chamber, and a substantially carriage formed loading platform provided at the inspection door effective to support thereon trays of the product to be lyophilized and guided and positioned in such a way as to remain at a constant height level substantially corresponding to the height level of the uppermost plate in the lower pack.

Abstract: A method for drying a porous web, according to which method the wet web is passed onto at least one drying felt, the web and the drying felt are subjected to an air removal treatment, and the web and the drying felt are passed between two surface elements which are impermeable to liquid and form an extended press zone in which the web is subjected to a pressing effect from both sides. Before the press zone the wet web is heated to a temperature of at least nearly 100.degree. C., and in the press zone the drying felt is kept at a temperature lower than the temperature of the wet web, so that a lower pressure is produced in the drying felt, and the high temperature of the water in the web causes an explosive evaporation and transfer of water from the web into the felt.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for drying a paper, or similar, web so that a wet web and a drying felt or wire are subjected to an air removal treatment, the web and the felt or wire freed of air are passed between moving surface elements having good heat conducting properties, said elements enclosing the web and the felt or wire along the whole width, the surface element contacting the web is heated in order to evaporate water contained in the web, and the surface element contacting the felt or wire is cooled in order to condense vapor emanating from the web into the felt or wire, and the felt or wire are separated from the dried web.

Abstract: A normally closed, single pole, single throw, thermostatic switch is electrically connected in parallel relationship across a timer motor. The parallel network constituted by the timer motor and switch is connected in series relationship with a gas burner regulation circuit. The series-parallel network, constituted by the interconnected timer motor, thermostatic switch, and burner circuit, is electrically connected between two main power lines via timer motor controlled contacts. The impedance of the timer motor is substantially greater than the impedance of the burner circuit. Thus, when the thermostatic switch opens, the timer motor runs while the series-controlled lower impedance burner control circuit, and its associated gas burner, do not operate. Under predetermined decreasing temperature conditions, the thermostatic switch will reclose to deenergize the timer motor and energize the burner control circuit.

Abstract: A fastener assembly for use with a high temperature heat transfer roll and is provided for joining a sheet of insulating material to the end of said roll by utilizing a protruding bolt head or the like. The fastener assembly comprises a cup-like body defining a cavity for receiving said bolt head and a quantity of adhesive material therewithin. A plurality of inwardly extending projections in said cup-like body cavity may be used to engage the bolt head substantially in an interference fit during setting of the adhesive material. A plurality of through apertures in the cup-like body permit release of any excess quantity of adhesive material therefrom. A shaft portion is formed integral with and projects axially outwardly from the cup-like body and away from the bolt head and is of sufficient axial extent to project through the sheet of insulating material. An enlarged head is carried on an axially outermost end of the shaft portion.

Abstract: Footwear includes a high modulus moderator located between the wearer's foot and cushioning material above the foot in which the moderator is a relatively thin, lightweight material having a modulus of elasticity of at least about 250,000 psi. The heel moderator includes medial and lateral legs positioned to be located under the calcaneus of the foot with the cushioning located beneath the moderator such that a cushioning medium is located below the calcaneus. The moderator, which deflects without permanent deformation and includes portions extending upwardly, operates to absorb, redistribute and sore the energy of localized loads. A moderator may also be located under the forefoot, as described.

Abstract: A sport shoe sole having a ground sole rigid and of excellent abrasion resistance and an elastic interlayer body bonded to the ground sole, in which the interlayer body is provided at its heel portion with an air inclusion means such as grooves and apertures that open at least to one side of the interlayer body.

Abstract: A running shoe sole having a relatively thin outer sole layer of hard, wear-resistant material, a midsole layer resilient cushioning material and a heel sole layer, provided between the outer sole and midsole layers along approximately the rear half of the sole. In accordance with preferred embodiments, an outer, longitudinally extending portion of the heel sole layer spans approximately 2/3 of the width of the heel sole layer and is formed of a resilient cushioning material, while an inner portion spanning approximately the remaining 1/3 of the width of the sole layer is formed of a material that is of a hardness of approximately 10-20 shore durometer greater than that of the outer portion of the heel sole layer. This construction of the heel sole layer enables cushioning of the foot during lateral heel strikes occurring during running to be provided by the outer portion of the heel while the inner portion is able to act in a manner which limits pronation occurring thereafter.

Abstract: A pedal block device fixed to the sole of a shoe comprising two elongated bars which are preferably identical, each having a transverse groove or recess, and which are transversely spaced one from the other and parallel to the length or longitudinal axis of the shoe, and fastening means cooperating with the sole of the shoe and the bars for separately adjusting, by longitudinal displacement, the position of each bar relative to the sole, and for fixing these positions.

Abstract: A prime mover (A) has an arm assembly (B) pivotally connected thereto. A cutting assembly (C) is operatively connected with the arm assembly to be positioned thereby. The arm assembly is connected to the tractor to pivot about both vertical and horizontal axes such that the cutting means is positionable fore-and-aft as well as up and down. A hydraulic control circuit (D) controls the position of the arm assembly. The control circuit includes a first through-rod-type hydraulic cylinder (60) which includes a piston (62) slidably disposed therein to divide the cylinder into two equidiameter chambers (64, 66). A through-rod (68) is connected with the piston and extends through both chambers of the cyylinder. The hydraulic cylinder and the piston rod each have the same diameter in both chambers such that as the piston moves, one of the chambers draws the same amount of fluid as the other chamber discharges.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for snow removal is disclosed. A wheeled frame having an adjustable suspension capable of operation in a snow removal and a transport position is provided. The frame is open at one end and includes a hitch at the other end for connection to a prime mover. Two vertical snow cutting knives are connected to the frame near the open end thereof with a horizontal snow cutting knife connecting the vertical knives proximate the ground. A snow moving blade is pivotably supported to the frame and actuated by a pair of double acting cylinders to move up and down. In operation the open end of the apparatus is pushed into a pile of snow and snow is cut loose by the knives. The blade is then lowered into close proximity with the ground and near the open end of the frame whereby a selected quantity or block of snow may be pulled or towed away.

Abstract: A portable bench which is particularly suited for use by a shooter comprises top and front and rear leg assemblies pivotally connected thereto. The leg assemblies fold inwardly to provide a pocket for carrying a seat which is releasably connected to the leg assemblies when they are folded outwardly at the point of use. The bench top is inclined and is vertically and angularly adjustable. The bench top has a lateral recess which overlies the seat for accommodating the upper body of the shooter when seated on the seat. An adjustable gun rest is provided at the front of the bench top for supporting the forearm of the shooter's gun.

Abstract: A portable hunting blind or the like formed from a plurality of panels interconnected and having an exterior surface provided with a mirror finish which reflects with total fidelity the aspects of the terrain immediately adjacent the blind. Channels are provided for assembling plural adjacent panels to form an enclosure, and the contour of the panels is such that optical distortion can be held to a minimum not only as the heighth of the panel increases, but along the transition area between adjacent panels. A plurality of optional tops are provided which can occlude the people within the blind from experiencing the weather from without, either partially or totally.

Abstract: A fishing pole holder and line tension alarm wherein a coil spring inside a tube holds the handle of the pole. Tension on the fishing line in a radial direction outward from the holder bends the coil spring against the tube and closes an electrical circuit to activate an alarm. A sleeve surrounding and adjustable along the length of the spring regulates the line tension necessary to bend the spring and close the alarm circuit.

Abstract: A fish hook uses two hooks mounted to shanks which are pivotably connected together by a pivot pin. The upper ends of the shanks include fork members which mate with one another and in which the pivot pin is seated. The lower ends of the shanks include hooks which spread apart in parallel planes upon a fish bitting the fish hook.

Abstract: A fish hook formed from an elongated wire having spears at each end and bent into a form such that the spears at opposite ends face toward each other and overlie the body of a lure mounted between a pair of prongs formed by bending the wire into a U-shape relative to the ends. A line attaching portion extends between the prongs spaced from the lure and includes a slip-ring slidably mounted thereon for fastening a fish line. In one embodiment the wire is a continuous member and the prongs are formed by bending the wire beneath the spears and back upon itself to form a limb at the end of the U-shape portion remote from the spears. In another form of the invention the hook may be formed from separate wire elements fused together and may include additional spears fused to the wire. A fish striking the lure or one of the spears results in a pivoting of the hook and lure about the slip-ring to impale the fish on one of the spears.

Abstract: A line attachment device for a fishing float having a buoyant body member, the device consisting of a stem fixed in the body member and projecting outwardly therefrom, and having at its outer end a conically enlarged head terminating in a flat, circular flange having a re-entrant peripheral lip of larger diameter than the head, the lip, flange and head having a first notch extending radially inwardly from the outer periphery thereof, and a second generally U shaped groove formed therein in a plane generally parallel to the stem and opening at its ends through the outer end of the head. A plunger slidably encircles the stem and has its outer end socketed to mate with said stem head, flange and lip, but does not enter said notch or groove. A spring biases the plunger outwardly on the stem, but the plunger may be retracted manually to permit a fishing line to be looped around the stem head.

Abstract: A tubular member (A) defines an internal bore (10) in which an inertia assembly (B) for providing a selected inertial force is disposed. The inertia assembly includes a spring (20) and a slidable member (22). An elongated, flexible cable (C) extends from the slidable member, through the tubular member internal passage, and defines a contractible loop externally of the tubular member. Under manual urging of a handle (36) which is operatively connected with a sleeve (34), the sleeve urges the slidable member longitudinally along the tubular member internal passage extending the spring. The slidable member cams a blocking member (70) outward to allow the slidable member to move therepast. After the slidable member is moved toward the tubular member second end past the blocking member, the blocking member blocks the slidable member against return sliding movement. A trigger (78) selectively withdraws the blocking member to allow the slidable member to undergo return sliding movement rapidly contracting the cable.

Abstract: This disclosure involves a method of chemically generating carbon dioxide for use as an insect attractant used in combination with an insect trap, and a generating unit adoptable for use with existing insect traps. Carbon dioxide is generated by reacting a carbonate salt with an aqueous acid solution, the carbon dioxide is directed into a trap for attracting insects. A generating unit is described which can be preassembled and activated at the site of the trap.

Abstract: Fruit set in crops can be increased with repeated exposures of the crops with light during the night times.More particularly, light at 660 nm can be administered for periods of 1 to 240 minutes daily, during the night times, from bloom time for the crop (or prior thereto) to early fruit development for the crop, for time spans from 30 to 50 days.Crops include apples (e.g., "Red Delicious"), almonds (e.g., "Nonpareil" and "Merced"), pistachios, soybean, calamondin, grapes, oranges, and cotton.Light can be obtained from a light source selected from the group consisting of fluorescent light source and high intensity discharge-lithium filled metal halide light source having an intensity range 1 .mu.W/cm.sup.2 to 400 .mu.W/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A hanger device is provided for suspending plant containers of various sizes, and which is particularly constructed for suspending relatively heavy containers, such as terra-cotta pots and their accompanying terra-cotta saucers. The hanger device includes a support base comprised of a circular ring and a plurality of spokes which radiate outwardly beyond the ring and terminate in a hook formation. Respective supporting chains are connected to the hook formations and extend upwardly therefrom. A circular retainer ring is positioned in spaced relation above the support base and inside of the chains, with the retainer ring having a diameter which is greater than that of the support base and sufficiently large to surround the plant container. The retainer ring can be adjustably positioned at various distances above the support base depending upon the height of the container.

Abstract: A window blind, preferably used with van windows, is disclosed. The window blind comprises a plurality of slats, and first and second framework members. The first and second framework members are virtually identical and only the first will now be described. The first framework member includes a first and a second sidepiece, and a plurality of struts. Each one of the struts is pivotally connected at one end portion thereof to the first sidepiece, and is pivotally connected at an opposite end portion thereof to the second sidepiece. Each strut is longitudinally spaced from an adjacent strut. Each one of the struts includes means such as indented portions thereof for securing an edge portion of one of the slats thereto. The first sidepiece preferably includes opposite end portions engageable with the window for fixing the first sidepiece of the framework member to the window.

Abstract: A curtain rod for a sliding glass door in a wall comprising a first rod section, a pair of brackets mounting the first rod section on the door in position extending generally horizontally across a face of the door, a second rod section, and a bracket mounting the second rod section independently of the door in axial alignment with the first rod section. The first and second rod sections have a sliding fit with respect to each other and constitute an extensible rod assembly, the rod assembly being extended as the door is closed and contracted as the door is opened. The rod assembly is adapted to support a curtain extending across the face of the door in both closed and open positions of the door. The curtain rod further comprises a lock for preventing contraction of the assembly and thus the opening of the door.

Abstract: A universal single hung window including a frame and at least one sash therein movable in the plane of the frame and tiltable about a lower edge thereof out of the plane of the frame, whereby the window may be used as a single hung or a hopper window in one position thereof, and in another position thereof may be used as a glider window. The window structure includes a thermal barrier between a prime window and a storm window. The window is provided with balance foot and lower sash guide structure to permit pivoting of the sash about the lower edge thereof and support of the sash by a sash balance if desired. The balance foot and lower sash guide structure includes a separate balance foot member constructed to be connected to a sash balance in a jamb of the frame and a separate sash guide member pivotally engaged with the balance foot member and secured to a sash stile at the lower end thereof.

Abstract: The covering is composed of alternate broader lower strips (1) and narrower upper strips (2), the outer surfaces of which strips are concave and convex, respectively. The strips are resiliently connected to one another and to fastening brackets (3) by means of interengaging longitudinal edge zones (6, 11, 14) on the strips and the brackets. The profile of each edge zone (6) of the lower strips (1) is S-shaped and includes a convex portion (7) engaging with a concave surface on an edge zone (14) of the bracket, and a portion (8, 9, 8', 10) which embraces the edge zone of the bracket. Each edge zone (11) of the upper strips (2) embraces the outermost portion (9, 8', 10) of an edge zone of a lower strip.

Abstract: An extensible boom assembly which has a tubular outer section, a tubular intermediate section and a tubular inner section supported in a telescoping relationship, and containing a flexible power conducting line which extends through the assembly from adjacent the forward end thereof to adjacent the rearward end thereof. An articulated, hollow link track member which is supported within the boom assembly and which has one end portion doubled-back upon itself, receives and protects the power conducting line from damage during the relative movement of the several boom sections.

Abstract: The element moulding consists of metal mesh and contains prepunched perforations. These perforations for the introduction of reinforcing bars are arranged in a row parallel to the longitudinal edge of the element moulding. When concreting the first stage the element moulding is buttressed unilaterally with wooden support elements. Before commencing the concreting of the second stage the wooden support elements are removed. The element moulding is used as sunken shuttering for both stages of the concrete structure. The erection of element moulding shuttering is easy and effortless; the bonding of both stages flawlessly effected.

Abstract: A prefabricated panel and method for making same for use in the construction of a wall structure for a building. Each panel section is comprised of a rigid support structure for attachment to the building framework. A plurality of facia sheets, such as tiles, overlie the exterior surface of the support structure and are resiliently bonded thereto with a means which provides limited relative movement between the facia sheets and the supporting structure. A means for sealing the joints between adjacent edges of facia sheets on a single panel section is provided, and once the panels are installed on a building framework, means for sealing the joints between adjacent panels is also provided in order to form a contiguous weathertight wall surface.

Abstract: A roof construction comprising ballast blocks each having two parallel edges bevelled at substantially identical angles of 12.degree. to 23.degree. from the vertical, the remaining two edges being substantially vertical, the blocks being laid in a pattern adjacent each rectangular corner of the roof so that downwardly and outwardly bevelled edges are adjacent each roof edge at the corner.

Abstract: A panel wall assembly comprises rectangular pan-like panels mounted close together side by side and end to end. Retainers located at all junctures between the panels are fastened to the building structure, and the panels are fastened to the retainers by clips having arms that extend out through slots in the panel flanges. Troughs on each horizontal retainer drain condensate or water that leaks through seals between adjacent panels to drainage slots in the vertical retainers. Gaskets between the retainers and the panel flanges provide additional control of water flow behind the panel faces.

Abstract: Electrically conductive metal is melted, preferably by a flame, and is sprayed onto a freshly exposed, pitted surface of a concrete member having iron embedded therein. The sprayed metal, when cooled, forms a metal cover on and interlocked with at least part of the newly exposed surface. The cover and the embedded iron are preferably joined in an electric circuit affording a direct current electromotive force, effectively opposite to that which normally would occur, in order to preclude the deterioration of the contained iron.

Abstract: A composite interlocking siding panel includes an elongate sheet metal or vinyl outer panel having a nailing strip along one longitudinal edge and mating interlocking means extending along each longitudinal edge. An elongate boardlike member of insulating material is bonded to the back of the outer panel. The insulating member is so configured that it may be of any selected thickness without interfering with the installation of the composite panel on a building wall. The insulating member includes a projection extending along one longitudinal edge which projects beyond the nailing strip and is configured, when installed, to snugly fit within an undercut recess in the mating longitudinal edge of a like interlocked panel with the rear surfaces of the insulating members lying in a common plane in their finally installed position.