Abstract: A photoelectric receiver for picture recording equipment, particularly for thermal-image equipment having local brightness adaptation, comprises at least one first detector element for providing point-by-point scanning of the image generated by an optical receiving system, as well as at least one second detector element associated with one or several of the first detector element(s) having a larger radiation-sensitive area for picking up at least part of the surroundings of a picture point picked up by a first detector element. The second detector element determines the gain, with which the signals of the first detector element(s) are amplified for the formation of video signals.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for pyroelectric camera signal processing, which processing includes compensating for the effects of pedestal level variations. The pyroelectric videcon tube generates an electrical output signal component indicative of target signal information based upon the sensed thermal energy emitted from the target, and also generates a pedestal component around which the target signal information is centered. A line-by-line DC restorer is provided to re-establish the DC level of the video signal, with the DC level of the restorer being automatically controlled to thereby compensate for variations in pedestal levels due to drift, tube aging, and/or generated by shutter to scene temperature differences.

Abstract: A method for transmitting digital video signals wherein spectral values are sorted according to magnitude and leading zeros are suppressed. In this way, the average word per pixel length can be reduced to about 1 bit, with image quality remaining acceptable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting an input video signal having P input lines, P being an integer much greater than one, into an output video signal having Q output lines, Q being an integer much greater than one but different than P. The conversion is preferably carried out using a linear interpolation method wherein the video information in the input signal is evenly distributed throughout the video output signal. The input lines are stored in small groups of M input lines and the output signal is generated in groups of N output lines. Each group of output lines is generated shortly after the receipt of an associated group of input lines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a high-definition television signal containing picture information which, on display, forms first picture frames at a rate of 2n frames per second, where n is a standard number of picture frames per second formed by the picture information in a standard television signal, and having a width which is wider than that of a standard aspect ratio picture frame, the high-definition television signal having a bandwidth greater than that of a standard television signal, each of the first picture frames including a single field having m sequentially scanned scanning lines, where m is a standard number of interlaced scanning lines in each picture frame formed by the picture information in said standard television signal, in which the scanning lines are arranged in two interlaced fields.

Abstract: A line locking system for use with X-ray video imaging equipment comprising: a system oscillator, a divider for frequency dividing the output of the system oscillator to obtain a signal having a frequency that is an integer multiple of the line frequency, a comparator for comparing the phase of the integer multiple signal to the phase of the line signal and means for controlling the oscillator frequency responsive to the output of the comparator.

Abstract: A vertical synchronizing signal separating circuit comprises a series circuit including a pair of flip-flops coupled in series for generating a first pulse signal which is in phase synchronism with leading edges of a composite synchronizing signal and has a pulse width corresponding to one period of clock pulses supplied thereto, a first latch circuit for latching the composite synchronizing signal by trailing edges of the first pulse signal so as to produce a second pulse signal having a predetermined level when the composite synchronizing signal has a pulse width greater than that of a horizontal synchronizing signal thereof, and a second latch circuit for latching the second pulse signal by trailing edges of the composite synchronizing signal and for producing an output pulse signal thereof as a vertical synchronizing signal separated from the composite synchronizing signal.

Abstract: A sample-and-hold circuit is provided wherein an input signal is fed via a first gate element to one end of a first capacitor whose other end is alternately grounded, the one end of the first capacitor being connected via a second capacitor to a gate (or base) of a source (or emitter) follower transistor to obtain an output from the source (or emitter) of the transistor which is connected via a second gate element to one end of the first capacitor, while the gate (or base) of the transistor is connected via a third gate element to a DC voltage supply having a predetermined voltage value, and the second and third gate elements are turned on during a first period of the input signal so that a voltage corresponding to the gate-source (or base-emitter) offset voltage of the transistor is stored in the second capacitor, while the first gate element is turned on during a second period of the input signal to produce an output signal equivalent in level to the input signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for a spatial filter that can function both recursively and non-recursively for removing noise from video images while substantially preserving fine detail, and a method for use therein are disclosed. Specifically, a look up table stores pre-defined filtered output pel values and pre-defined feedback pel values. This table is accessed by an address formed of the values of pels that constitute a pel mask for a current input pel. The pel mask contains pels from the incoming image as well as the current and past values of the feedback pel produced from the look up table. Each time the table is successively accessed, a filtered output pel value and a feedback pel value are generated. As long as the value of the feedback pel equals that of a corresponding pel in the incoming image, the filter operates non-recursively; when these pel values are different, recursive operation occurs instead.

Abstract: A digital effects unit is integrally combined with a video switcher apparatus by interrupting various selected video signal and control paths in the switcher and, in particular, the mix effects signal from the first mixer and the pattern signal from the pattern generator, and re-routing the corresponding signals to respective inputs of the digital effects unit. The resulting manipulated video and key output signals therefrom are supplied to a second, downstream mixer which combines the digital effects with conventional switcher effects.

Abstract: A digital effects loop is inserted in the video and key signal buses which extend to a mixer of a switcher apparatus, and a digital effects unit is coupled to the loop. Circuitry is included in the loop to interrupt the particular bus or buses and the signal or signals are re-routed to provide inputs to the digital effects unit. The latter supplies transformed video and/or key signals back to the continuation of the respective interrupted bus or buses, and then to the mixer to be used thereby in place of the original signals.

Abstract: A video special effects generator is simulated by using a telecine with a still film frame therein. Effects such as zoom and pan are pre-programmed in a store and used to change the telecine scanning raster to give the desired visual effect, the operation being timed relative to the video output signals. Aperture correction is also proposed to be programmed in a telecine in similar manner.

Abstract: An image tube such as an image inverter including a photo cathode, two grid electrodes, a focus electrode and an anode disposed successively along the image tube is gated by means of the application of a switching pulse to the first of the two grid electrodes while the second of the two grid electrodes is maintained at a positive potential less than that to which the first grid electrode is raised. In this manner over-shoot or ripple in the switching pulse does not disturb the electric field conditions beyond the second grid electrode and accordingly high speed gating can be achieved without effect on the magnification or resolution provided by the image tube.

Abstract: A television receiver has a receiving circuit for producing audio signals and video signals, a liquid crystal display panel, and a driving circuit responsive to the video signals for driving the liquid crystal display panel. The receiving circuit and driving circuit include elements provided on an SOS substrate.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display panel of a TV receiver whereby of each set of six scanning lines consisting of three successive lines of one field and three corresponding lines of the succeeding field, three lines are displayed by display elements driven by one scanning electrode and the remaining three lines by display elements driven by an immediately adjacent scanning electrode. One of the three lines to be displayed by the action of each electrode may be omitted. An increase in display resolution of approximately 4/3 is attained, by comparison with a simple prior art drive method.

Abstract: A driver circuit for a matrix-type liquid crystal display panel capable of displaying pictures having the same number of scan lines as a conventional television set without using a frame memory, by applying the mean value of two video signals matching the 1-H advance and 1-H behind odd (even) numbered scan lines, where the video signal in the odd (even) field correctly matches the even (odd) numbered scan lines.

Abstract: A data display video monitor includes an automatic kinescope bias (AKB) control system for the type wherein kinescope cathode output pulses representative of the black current level conducted by the kinescope are produced in response to energizing the kinescope grid during sensing intervals. As a result of this operation, plural horizontal lines along the top edge of the visible display screen area are illuminated. To reduce the visible effect of the illuminated lines, the AKB system is activated for short sensing intervals (e.g., two seconds or less) between considerably longer holding intervals (e.g., five minutes).

Abstract: A picture signal processing apparatus comprises a signal processing means for performing signal processing such as picture element density conversion of picture signals, a first memory means for storing temporarily picture signals as object of the signal processing, a first signal path through which signals are received or transmitted between the signal processing means and the first memory means, an encoding means for performing encoding processing, a second memory means for storing temporarily picture signals as object of the encoding processing, a second signal path through which signals are received or transmitted between the encoding means and the second memory means, a control means for controlling the signal processing means and the encoding means, and a third signal path through which signals are received or transmitted between the signal processing means and the encoding means, thereby signal processing and encoding processing can be performed concurrently and high speed processing is realized.

Abstract: An image information processing system has reader for photoelectrically reading an image of an original and producing an image data. The image data produced by said reader is selectively encoded in accordance with the area designation.

Abstract: A digital scanner installed in an image reader of a digital facsimile apparatus, a digital copier or the like includes an analog-to-digital converter for quantizing a video signal which is produced by reading a document. A threshold voltage applied to the analog-to-digital converter from the outside is variable and specified from the outside.

Abstract: An apparatus for printing trimming instructions, includes a first means deriving a video signal representative of a photograph image on negative or positive film, a display unit which reproduces a positive video image on a display monitor screen, a second means for accepting trimming data input including data defining the size and shape of a trimming frame on the display monitor screen and data defining the position of the trimming frame on the reproduced video image, third means for storing video signal data and trimming data, and a printer for printing a positive image including the trimming frame.

Abstract: A color video printer for producing a color photographic copy from a color video signal. A self-processing color photographic element is exposed to a sequence of six color field images constituting a full frame of a color video image. The printer includes a monochrome cathode-ray-tube (CRT) and a rotatable color filter having red (R), green (G) and blue (B) filters which are sequentially moved into an optical path between the CRT and the self-processing photographic element positioned at an exposure station. A video signal circuit provides a color video signal to be copied. The color video signal includes luminance and chrominance signals which are demodulated to concurrent R, G, and B component signals. The luminance signal is amplified by a variable gain amplifier which reduces the level of the luminance signal in response to detection of the level of one of the color component signals exceeding a predetermined limit. A gate is selectively actuated to apply one of the color component signals to the CRT.

Abstract: A color video printer for producing a color photographic copy from a color video signal. A self-processing color photographic element is exposed to a sequence of six color field images constituting a full frame of a color video image. The printer includes a monochrome cathode-ray-tube (CRT) and a rotatable color filter have red (R), green (G) and blue (B) filters which are sequentially moved into an optical path between the CRT and the photographic element positioned at an exposure station. A video signal circuit provides a color video signal including concurrent R,G,B component signals which are modified with additional gain in the near white region to compensate for the drop off in white sensitivity of the photographic element in this region. A gate is selectively actuated to apply one of the white compensated color component signals to the CRT to effect exposure of the photographic element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding, storing, and reading out frames of video signal, such as a television signal. Fast access to encoded frames on a disk is achieved using a technique which employs tag bits to control the storage and decoding of the video.

Abstract: A magnetic magneto-optic recording structure and method in which a magneto-optic active layer is positioned within the fringing magnetic field of a magnetic recording medium, the structure preferably being disk-shaped. The magneto-optic layer is irradiated by a continuous wave laser beam, by way of a transparent substrate thereon, to locally reduce the coercivity of the magneto-optic layer, so that the magneto-optic layer becomes locally magnetized to align itself with the fringing magnetic fields created by the magnetization pattern of information previously recorded on the magnetic recording layer. The information thus recorded on the magneto-optic layer can be read out with a laser beam of lesser power, employing the Kerr effect.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for checking the azimuthal alignment of the magnetic head of a disk drive with respect to a standard head alignment by use of diagnostic disk having plural sectors along a checking track. The sectors include an identification field, a data field and noise areas adjacent to the data field. The patterns recorded in the respective data field and adjacent noise fields being at relative azimuthal angles.

Abstract: A tape cassette comprises a cassette housing having an upper section, a lower section, a pair of reel hubs rotatably accommodated therein for winding a magnetic tape therearound, and a front opening through which the tape is engageable with a recording and/or reproducing head. The lower section is formed with a pair of openings for respectively receiving reel shafts for rotating the hubs and thereby driving the tape, and the upper section is formed with a recess.

Abstract: A clamp assembly is rotatably mounted to the dital end of a clamp arm proximally pivoted to the frame of the apparatus. The clamp arm is pivotable between an unclamping position, where the clamp assembly is away from a motor driven hub to allow the loading and unloading of a flexible magnetic disk in cartridge form, and a clamping position where the clamp assembly engages between itself and the drive hub the magnetic disk in a position for data transfer with a transducer head or a pair of such heads. The clamp arm is sprung from the clamping toward the unclamping position. Operatively engaged at a first end with the clamp arm is a clamp lever which is actuated as by a hand operated clamp knob for moving the clamp arm from the unclamping to the clamping position against the spring force. For simpler construction and easier assemblage, the clamp lever is made of sheet metal and formed to include a support portion bent right angularly from its second end.

Abstract: A device for loading or unloading a magnetic disc pack applicable to a magnetic recorder or reproducer in an electronic camera system wherein a subject is electronically still-photographed and recorded in a rotating magnetic disc, and the reproducing of an image is carried out by a television system or a printer.A lid is openably supported by a main body of the magnetic recorder or reproducer. An inner bucket is pivotally supported on the main body or the lid, having a U-shaped configuration in which the magnetic disc pack incorporating a magnetic disc is received and is capable of being separated from the lid or the main body to form an opening, into which the magnetic disc pack is inserted, when the lid is opened. An engageable hole is formed in the end face of the inner bucket of the device for loading or unloading the magnetic disc pack. The engaging member is located at this engageable hole in a manner to be projectable into the engageable hole or retractable therefrom.

Abstract: A magnetic disc mounting mechanism for use in a disc drive unit adapted to drive a magnetic disc while magnetically attracting and holding the disc on a spindle shaft. The coupling mechanism includes a forcible pressing member for forcibly fitting a center core of the disc onto the spindle shaft and a member which is adapted to release the pressing of the forcible pressing member while operating an ejecting mechanism. This member operates to release, after the forcible pressing member has pressed the center core of the disc onto the spindle shaft such as to couple the disc to the spindle shaft, the pressing force exerted by the pressing member so that the load of the spindle motor during driving the disc is reduced advantageously.

Abstract: A magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus using a magnetic sheet as a recording medium includes a pack holder receiving a magnetic sheet pack containing the magnetic sheet therein. This pack holder is integrally firmly secured to the inner side of a door to be opened and closed at a time when the magnetic sheet pack is loaded and unloaded. In its opened state, only a gate portion formed in the door in such a manner as to be in communication with the pack holder is exposed. When the door is closed after the magnetic sheet pack is inserted from this gate portion to load it in the pack holder, an oscillating lever is oscillated in cooperation with the movement of the door. At one end of the oscillating lever, a control plate adapted to maintain a satisfactory head contact of the magnetic head with respect to the magnetic sheet is axially attached. When the oscillating lever is oscillated as mentioned above, the control plate enters into the pack holder.

Abstract: A recording medium is used in a recording and/or reproducing apparatus comprising a rotational motor and a recording and/or reproducing circuit. The recording medium comprises a main body having a substantially cylindrical part, and a hollow part open at least at one end thereof, a recording surface formed at least on a peripheral surface of the cylindrical part, and a coupling part provided at the main body and to be coupled to the motor. The recording medium is loaded into the recording and/or reproducing apparatus in a state where at least a part of the motor is relatively inserted into the hollow part.

Abstract: A device for shifting a carriage on which the magnetic head of a disk drive is carried, the disk drive being used with magnetic disks. A mating element mounted to the carriage is in resilient contact with a helical groove formed on a threaded shaft. A retaining member having a retaining portion is mounted on the carriage. The retaining portion is usually not in contact with the wall defining the helical groove, but bears against the wall when the shaft stops abruptly or a strong external force is applied, for example. Thus, the mating element is prevented from disengaging from the groove.

Abstract: A mechanism for moving a magnetic read/write recording head across a tape storage medium. A linear actuator drives an output shaft which carries a cable connector. A flexible cable is connected with the cable connector at one end and at the other end with an elevator bracket which carries the recording head. The cable is bent through a 90.degree. bend between its ends along an arcuate guide surface. The elevator bracket moves up and down across the tape on guide pins. A spring maintains the cable under tension to translate horizontal extension and retraction of the actuator shaft into corresponding vertical movement of the tape head. The use of a cable reduces the application of moments to the head and avoids applying rotational forces.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head is made with a center-tapped coil structure formed of three layers of coils. The middle coil is configured to be bifilar. When recording data on a magnetic medium, current flows through one-half of the bifilar coil and through one adjacent coil to create positive transitions, and for negative transitions, current flows through the other half of the bifilar coil and through the other adjacent coil. When reading the data that is recorded on a magnetic medium, all turns of the entire coil configuration operate for transducing the data.

Abstract: The invention herein discloses a separable web or ribbon container wherewith the web or ribbon remains within the separated container halves so that additions to or deletions from the web may be made without removing the spools on which the web is wound for transport back and forth between the halves.

Abstract: A magnetic disk cartridge containing a floppy magnetic disk is provided with center core which has a groove where the vertical part of the core meets the flange upon which the disk is fastened by a double-sided adhesive ring. This groove can accommodate a portion of the adhesive ring which is positioned out of true. This ensures that such misalignment does not cause deformation of the disk and the deterioration in read/write performance with the disk. The groove also serves to prevent flange flashing from scraping fragments off the inside of the cartridge wall, and the possible harm such fragments cause if they stick to the disk.

Abstract: A protection circuit for stalling protection in commutatorless direct current motors is driven by Hall generators, in particular Hall IC's. A respective semiconductor circuit element (5, 14) disposed in series with each stator winding (1, 2) is turned on or off in dependence on a control voltage induced in the stator windings (1, 2). The control voltage (U.sub.B) is constituted by the sum of the operating voltage in the unenergized windings (1, 2) and the counter-e.m.f. induced in these windings, whereby, if the sum of these voltages is greater than the operating voltage, the semiconductor circuit element (5, 14) connected to the respective energized winding (1, 2) is turned on, and, if the counter-e.m.f. is zero or falls below a predetermined cut-off value, the respective semiconductor circuit element (5, 14) is turned off.

Abstract: A circuit diagnosis and control device adapted to detect defects in a primary electrical circuit and temporarily discontinue power to the primary circuit in the event of a defect. A MOS transistor is connected in series with the power source and the primary circuit. A calculation device is connected with the MOS transistor and periodically tests a first voltage V.sub.GS, which may be different from zero, and a second voltage V.sub.DS, which must be higher than half of the voltage V.sub.BAT of the battery. In the event of a short circuit, the power is temporarily withheld from the primary circuit. An indication lamp may be controlled by the calculation device to inform the driver of the circuit condition. If V.sub.GS is not equal to zero and V.sub.DS is half of V.sub.BAT, a short circuit condition is indicated, for example, by a slow flashing of the indicator lamp. If V.sub.GS is equal to zero and V.sub.DS is less than half of V.sub.

Abstract: Digital solid-state trip unit designed to provide protection against phase faults, notably overloads and short-circuits and optional functions, in this case ground fault protection and load shedding and restoring functions. Two parameter input switches (72, 74) are assigned to the optional functions to display, in the ground protection option the ground protection pick-up and the ground protection time delay, and in the load shedding option, the load restoring pick-up and the load shedding pick-up. Each option has a software program stored in a non-volatile memory corresponding to it.

Abstract: A programmed overexcitation protective relay with selectable time-overexcitation operation to govern the interruption of energy to a piece of power equipment, like a transformer, generator or the like. A programmed processor is included to derive an overexcitation time-to-trip in accordance with sampled measurement voltage values of at least one power line supplying energy to the power equipment being protected, and selected derivation constants stored in a memory look-up table. The derivation constants are selected from the look-up table based on derivation parameters which may be set and read by the programmed processor from time to time. The programmed processor utilizes the selected derivation constants to derive the time-to-trip over a number of predetermined time intervals during which the overexcitation condition persists.

Abstract: An ionic material is added to a halocarbon insulating fluid used to cool high voltage equipment in order to prevent the buildup of electrtostatically generated charge. The ionic additive allows leakage of charge from the insulating fluid so as to prevent dangerously high voltage buildup while at the same time withstanding the high voltage applied to the system.

Abstract: Circuit for the pulsed operation of one or more high frequency ozonizers, having at least one power supply producing a direct current, having a number of circuits corresponding to the number of ozonizers for the derivation of electrical pulses from the direct current, and having a number of high voltage transformers corresponding to the number of the ozonizers, to whose primary side the pulses produced by each of the circuits are fed and whose secondary side is connected each to an ozonizer. The circuits contain, in accordance with the invention, a pulse width control triggered by an oscillator.

Abstract: A capacitor in which at least one of two dielectrically-insulated metal layers is interrupted along its length by a plurality of transverse non-conductive gaps extending partway across the layer, thereby dividing the layer into a series of conductive sections each conductive section being connected to an adjacent section by a narrow metallized region that extends between the associated gap and one edge of the layer; the narrow metallized regions is adapted to act as a fuse for the section during periods of excessive current flow to the section.

Abstract: A boiling type cooling structure for cooling semiconductor chips mounted on printed circuit cards, with a heat conductive stud being attached to the surface of each chip. Cooling plates with fins, arranged so as to surround the circumference of each heat conductive stud, are placed between the printed circuit cards in order to condense the vapor bubbles produced near the heat conductive studs.

Abstract: A control panel supports and positions interchangeable subunit electronic devices and provides a neat and uniform outwardly facing surface. When subunit electronic devices are disconnected from the control panel, cover plates extend and conform to the uniform outwardly facing surface. Hinged support members "lock" in an over center position to rigidly support each cover plate. Electrical connectors protruding from each subunit electronic device "unlock" the hinged support members from the over center position when the subunit electronic device is urged toward the cover plate.

Abstract: A carrier tray for circuit board assemblies. A metal plate is provided (by spot molding) with non-conductive plastic rails. Fastening means are molded into the rails to accommodate variations of circuit board assemblies. Locating posts in combination with resilient locking fingers and circuit board edge receiving slots are formed in the rails to provide a fastening system that is independent of separate fasteners and tools therefor. Lifting levers, also molded into the upper rail, provide for easy removal of the carrier tray from its interconnected position in a card cage.

Abstract: The light projector has the peculiar feature of comprising, within a disk-shaped enclosing body, a light source surrounded by a shaping diaphragm which is rotatable coaxially with the cited light source. Also provided, on said enclosing body, is a toroidal lens which extends preferably through 360.degree. and focuses on said shaping diaphragm, being disposed concentrically with the cited light source.

Abstract: A luminaire comprises a reflector having a concave interior surface formed with bands of reflective facets. The bands are organized in groups to provide the desired illumination pattern and enable the reflector to be formed in a simple fashion. The groups of facets are organized in bands which extend arcuately around the interior of the reflector, each facet being oriented to reflect light to a desired luminance center on a roadway surface.

Abstract: A controller for a resonant DC/DC converter having at least one power switch which is controlled to develop intermediate AC power in a resonant circuit includes means for developing a signal representing the current in the resonant circuit, an integrator having an input coupled to the developing means for integrating the signal developed thereby and a multiplier having a first input coupled to an output of the integrator and further having a second input and an output at which is developed a multiplied signal. A comparator is coupled to the output of the multiplier for comparing the multiplied signal at such output against a reference signal and a frequency-to-voltage converter is coupled between the output of the comparator and a second input of the multiplier for developing a feedback signal which is multiplied by the multiplier with the output of the integrator to derive the multiplied signal.