Abstract: A microwave oven turntable having a removable table top driver at various points about its circumference. The turntable includes a base having a flat bottom and an upwardly extending cylindrical side wall. A central drive shaft is rotatably mounted to the base bottom to form a vertical axis of rotation. A spring provides rotational energy to the drive shaft. A dependent gear is coaxially mounted to the drive shaft and the dependent gear meshes with a gear train that governs the rate of drive shaft rotation so as to ensure a relatively constant rotational speed. The spring and gears are encased by a circular base cover member having a center aperture through which a portion of the drive shaft projects. A spider drive member is attached to the portion of the drive shaft projecting through the base cover member for rotation therewith. The spider drive member rests on a retainer ring having spherical balls and is additionally supported by freely rotatable wheels.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the homogeneous heat treatment of a liquid which induces a helical swirling motion to the liquid to obtain a substantially homogeneous final thermal state and constant final temperature of the liquid. The liquid is moved through a vertical cylindrical tube which contains a central column and at least one perforated plate and is exposed to a microwave energy field as it moves through the tube.

Abstract: Apparatus for overheating the edges of a preheated formed skelp for the purpose of butt welding the skelp into pipe or tube. Induction coil assembly consisting of two (2) series connected loops, with a main conductor of each loop positioned within a magnetic flux guide and positioned adjacent to the open edges of the C-shaped skelp and the return conductors of each loop arranged externally on opposite side of the flux guide, providing localized overheating of the edges of the skelp prior to welding.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for analyzing the dynamic resistance of a resistance spot welding process to determine the time of an expulsion event and use that time as the weld completion time for controlling weld termination via a weld feedback signal, controlling automatic current stepping, and identifying maintenance needs. A preconditioning pulse is used to stabilize the weld process and aid in obtaining interpretable resistance information. After an initial blanking period the resistance curve is analyzed by calculating first and second derivative values and applying several algorithms that make possible the computer recognition of characteristic resistance curve shapes resulting from weld expulsion under good geometry, bad geometry and edge weld conditions.

Abstract: A method for welding a sleeve within a tube of a steam generator, the sleeve being in close contact with the tube. A welding head of a weld head apparatus is positioned within the tube at a predetermined weld site, a laser beam is directed to the welding head, the beam is focused with a focusing means, the focused laser beam is reflected with a welding mirror means into contact with a portion of the sleeve to be welded to the tube, the welding mirror means is maintained a predetermined focal distance from the inside surface of the sleeve, and the welding head is rotated to complete a weld fusion path about the inner periphery of the sleeve. Shielding gas is used to shield the weld site. A robotic arm positions the weld head apparatus within the steam generator. At each end of the sleeve, multiple discrete weld paths or a continuous helical multiple weld path are welded.

Abstract: A laser welding head for welding a sleeve within a tube by fusing the interface between the sleeve and tube with a laser beam. The laser welding head has a cylindrical housing adapted to be inserted inside of the sleeve, a focusing lens for focusing a laser beam transmitted through the housing, and a welding mirror for directing the focused beam out of the housing and into contact with the sleeve. The welding mirror is maintained a predetermined distance from the inside surface of the sleeve and a motor and drive assembly are used to rotate the welding head within the sleeve. Shield gas is supplied to the welding head and passes about the periphery of the focusing lens for cooling the focusing lens and the welding mirror before being discharged into contact with the weld area. A recessed aperture is provided within the discharge outlet to prevent molten material from the weld site from splattering into the housing and onto the mirror or lens.

Abstract: A conductor path is formed by providing an insulating substrate having a surface region which is formed of an insulating composition. The insulating composition contains an organic polymeric material and at least one metal source. The metal source is a metallic powder and/or an organic compound chemically combining a metal or metals. The surface region of the substrate is selectively heated along a predetermined pattern, thereby decomposing and evaporating the organic polymeric material at the heated portion and welding the metal in the heated portion so as to form a conductor path formed of the metal.

Abstract: In a guidance device for a laser beam (17) repeatedly reflected at 45.degree. mirrors at least six controllable movement axes (X, Y, Z, 4, 5, 7) are provided, of which two movement axes (5,7) are horizontal swiveling axes (11, 14), whereby the one swiveling axis (14) is assigned to the laser head (15). It can be achieved not only with two-dimensional cuts but also with three-dimensional cuts by appropriate adjustment of the swiveling angles (.alpha.,.beta.) at the swiveling axes (11, 14) and by a sufficient distance between the two swiveling axes (11, 14), that the point of intersection (27) on the workpiece (26) is always located vertically under the Z-movement axis, whereby the movement programming of the device is simplified. By adjustment of equal swiveling angles (.alpha.,.beta.) simplified circular arc cuts can be performed by rotation around only one movement axis (4) at horizontal workpieces.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an AC power supply for portable welding machines or the like which employ a transformer of either single or multi-phase power wound around a cylindrical core. The core is constructed from a continuous length of steel alloy ribbon. The individual windings of both the primary and secondary are spaced apart. In operation the transformer is submerged in a heat transfer medium to provide cooling thereof by heat transfer therefrom. The transformer may have either a tapped primary or secondary or both to provide secondary amperage for the intended use of the transformer. An external cooling radiator may be employed to provide additional cooling to the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: An improved automatic welder's helmet having two pneumatic cylinders to effect the closing of the helmet's dark eye lens prior to energizing the welding system for striking the welding arc, and further to maintain the dark eye lens closed until after the arc and the weldment's white afterglow have ceased. Additionally, the invention includes a ventilation system manually controlled to ventilate the helmet and to remove welding fumes and smoke from the interior of the helmet and the dark eye lens.

Abstract: An electric forced-convection air heater consisting of an axial fan and a cage-shaped resistance heating element mounted up-stream of the fan impeller, which serves to heat the air passing there through and to guide the air stream smoothly to the impeller. The cage shaped resistance heating element comprises a plurality of spaced longitudinal strips of uniform width, extending parallel to the axis of the cage; the surface of each strip is inclined to the ideal cylindrical surface of the cage and is curved perpendicular to its long axis. The alternate ends of the adjacent strips are jointed by bridging portions of the same material, but of larger cross section. Each bridging portion is perforated by a small opening. The cage is rigidly held in its cylindrical shape by two end rings of a thermoplastic material, provided with outstanding lugs on their circumference, one lug each engaging with one of the openings in the bridging portion atop each end of the cage.

Abstract: A zone melting apparatus, in accordance with the present invention for monocrystallizing a semiconductor layer in a layered substance, includes: an upper elongated heater for zone melting of the semiconductor layer, the upper heater being disposed above and parallel to the semiconductor layer; a plurality of lower elongated heaters for heating the whole layered substance, the lower heaters being disposed in a plane below and parallel to the layered substance and the axis of each of the lower heaters being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the upper heater; a plurality of power suppliers for supplying electric power to the lower heaters; one or more temperature sensors for estimating the temperature of the layered substance; and a controller for controlling the power suppliers in response to the output of the temperature sensor(s), the controller making control so that the temperature of the central portion of the layered substance is slightly lower than that of the outer portions thereof.

Abstract: A double-glazed window frame comprising two parallel glass panes has an internal blind disposed between the glass panes in parallel therewith. The internal blind comprises a succession of collapsible elongated tubular volumes formed from a plurality of plastic strips; each plastic strip having a center section, an upper face, a lower face, an edge adjacent one of said glass panes and another edge adjacent the other of said glass panes; with the plastic strips alternately bonded to one another through the center section and through the two edges. Each plastic strip has a metallic layer deposited on each face thereof, and each metallic layer has a break in continuity between the edge adjacent one of the glass panes and the edge adjacent the other of the glass panes, whereby the coefficient of thermal insulation of the blind is improved.

Abstract: An electronic controller for a predetermined temperature coefficient heater provides solid state control of the application of power to the heater. In particular, a positive temperature coefficient glow plug wherein the heater is plated on a ceramic substrate glow plug is controlled by contactless solid state controller. The temperature of the glow plug is sampled by a clock signal and compared with a predetermined temperature value. Pulsed power is supplied to elevate and maintain the temperature of the heater to the predetermined value. In a complete motor vehicle engine wherein one glow plug is used in each cylinder, one glow plug is sampled and controls the remainder of the plugs.

Abstract: A cabinet for heating cloth material such as towels, is provided, capable of mounting on a towel rack or other support. The cabinet of the invention, which is capable of warming or drying towels or other cloth materials, includes a pair of opposed covers which are hingedly attached along one edge, a metal plate for supporting a towel, the metal plate being surrounded by resistance heating elements and being hingedly attached intermediate the two covers, associated circuitry for providing power to the resistance heating elements and brackets for mounting the cabinet on a wall-mounted towel rack.

Abstract: A slip reception terminal system. A slave unit reads an image written on a slip by a customer and recognizing a predetermined item of the slip and a master unit for receiving image data and recognized data sent from the slave unit, displaying the sequentially and transmitting a predetermined part of the data to a host system after the teller has verified and corrected the displayed data.

Abstract: In an access card having coded material which comprises a plurality of markings which under infrared radiation appear on an infrared receiver, it is provided in accordance with the invention in order to prevent counterfeiting that a continuous and transparent plastic foil or film blank (4), at least on a portion of its surface, has a layer (4a) that is not transparent to visible light and is transparent to infrared light; together with a substrate (5), the blank embodies a laminate which on its inside carries a photosensitive layer (7) covered by a layer that is transparent to infrared light. The markings (21-23) appear as a negative or positive on the photosensitive layer (7) as the result of exposure of the plastic foil or film blank (4) to light.

Abstract: In a focus adjusting device having a light projecting source for projecting distance measuring light onto an object, a light sensing element divided into a plurality of light sensing areas for sensing the light reflected by the object, and a control member for controlling a lens to be at an in-focus position based on a signal from the light sensing element, a boundary line between the divided light sensing areas of the light sensing element is formed with a number of straight lines or curves, so that the boundary is comb-tooth formed or saw-tooth formed in such a manner that a part of one divided area is positioned in the other divided area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acoustic supervision of adjustment of a light bundle with respect to its intensity distribution in a reference plane which is at right angles to the optical axis of the light bundle. The reference plane is subdivided into surface elements. The intensity values corresponding to a rated intensity distribution are prescribed and stored for the individual surface elements of the reference plane. The intensity values for the individual surface elements respectively existing in the adjustment are successively measured in rapid cyclical succession. The intensity deviation from the prescribed intensity value is identified and stored for each surface element. The stored intensity values are read-out in slow cyclical succession and are made audible as measuring tones for the supervision of the adjustment.

Abstract: An autofocusing zoom lens, comprising a half-mirror prism and a sensor capable of detecting light in conjunction with the half-mirror prism, is formed by inserting the half-mirror prism between the front-lens and rear-lens groups of the master-lens groups of the lens system. The insertion of the half-mirror prism has the advantages that the back focus may be shortened, the lens aperture need not be enlarged, and that the lens length in effect may be shortened. Additional use of a sensor-related lens makes autofocus available even when the angle of exit pupil of the imaging optical system is small.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acoustic supervision of adjustment of a light bundle composed of component beams with respect to its intensity distribution in an expanse of a reference plane situated in a beam path at right angles to an optical axis of the light bundle. Intensity values I of the component beams lying at a margin of the light wave are measured and the differential intensity values .DELTA.I are identified according to amount and operational sign. An oscillation is generated whose parameters are modified dependent on the amounts and operational signs of the respective differential intensity values. The modified oscillation is made audible as a distinguishable measuring tone for amounts and operational signs of the differential intensity values .DELTA.I.

Abstract: A series of independent parallel pairs of light emitting and detecting diodes for a linear pixel array, which is laterally positioned over an edge-like discontinuity in a workpiece to be scanned, is disclosed. These independent pairs of light emitters and detectors sense along intersecting pairs of separate optical axes. A discontinuity, such as an edge in the sensed workpiece, reflects a detectable difference in the amount of light from that discontinuity in comparison to the amount of light that is reflected on either side of the discontinuity. A sequentially sychronized clamping and sampling circuit detects that difference as an electrical signal which is recovered by circuitry that exhibits an improved signal-to-noise capability for the system.

Abstract: An electron tube device for measuring light pulses generated at a high repetition rate which includes an electron tube, power supply device and deflection voltage generator. The electron tube has a photocathode, focusing electrode, deflection electrodes, slit electrode, dynodes and a collector electrode positioned within an evacuated envelope. The power supply device supplies voltages to the dynodes and to the focusing and slit electrodes, and the deflection voltage generator supplies deflection voltages to the deflection electrodes which successively change in phase with respect to light pulses impinging on the photocathode so that different portions of the light pulses can be successively sampled.

Abstract: A circuit containing a photodiode for determining when there is sufficient illumination for an optical device to operate having provision for compensating signal variations due to temperature-dependent operation of the photodiode by supplying logarithmic means with an input from a potentiometer connected to a temperature-dependent distributor circuit.

Abstract: A pixel placement sensing arrangement, useable in a spatial synchronization system, having a split photodetector, RC integrating circuits having time constants long relative to the exposure time of the photodetector connected to the respective halves of the split photodetector such that the current accumulated in the capacitors of the integrating circuits results in voltages proportional to the respective exposures of the halves of the photodetector, and a different amplifier which provides an output reflective of any difference in said voltages.

Abstract: The present invention provides an opto-electric position detector circuit utilized in encoders or the like which determine the position and speed of the motion of robots, processing machines, recorders or the like. The output from a photodetector is input to the Schmitt trigger circuit of which threshold voltage is derived from the output of a voltage dividing resistor circuit. The voltage dividing circuit is arranged in a series-parallel circuit configuration with a series combination of resistor and thermistor having negative temperature coefficient of resistivity which combination is in parallel relation to another resistor, such that the Schmitt trigger circuit provides a consistent rectangular waveform output over a wide temperature range to thereby assure exact control and measurements even in actual operating locations suffering from severe environmental conditions where temperatures are high.

Abstract: Method for performing the automatic contactless inspection of objects manufactured at a high speed by an automatically controlled machine, in particular high-temperature glass objects, the objects moving in front of an optical measuring device, consisting in illuminating the moving objects with a non-coherent white light, sensing the transmitted light by means of an optical sensor (5) provided with a linear measuring strip (2) comprising a plurality of receptor photodiodes (3), the strip (2) being arranged with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the movement of the objects (6) and to the focal point of a focusing lens (9), and storing the result of the sensing operation for a given number of objects.

Abstract: An optic displacement sensor includes first and second optic circuits which optic circuits include di-directional means for a light supply path to and a light return path from a light reflecting surface means. The first optic circuit is a reference signal circuit, and the second optic circuit is a measuring signal circuit. Means are provided for directing light into the light supply paths for the pair of optic circuits, and means are provided whereby the light from the light supply paths of the pair of optic circuits is received by light reflecting means and at least partially reflected into the light return paths where it is detected. Further, the sensor includes means for adjusting the detected signal from one of the light return paths with respect to the detected light from the other light return path.

Abstract: A proximity sensor is disclosed having two bifurcate fiber optical bundles arranged in series. Light is directed at a target by the bundles and the reflected light from the target is transmitted to two different sensors. The output of the sensors is used to derive a differential control signal for tracking a target. One of the sensors picks up reflected light from the fibers which also transmit light to the target while the second sensor detects light from receiver fibers disposed around said transmitter fibers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of magnets and fiber optics for detecting fluid flow and fluid levels. In general, the invention employs a permanent magnet movable by fluid flow or by the change of fluid levels which directly influences the degree of light transmission between a light transmitting fiber optic cable and a light receiving fiber optic cable. The light can be varied discreetly by shutter means or linearly varied by light reflection determined by distance or by varying the degree of reflection from a reflective surface. The received light information can be used for detectors, indicators, controls or the like.

Abstract: An optical-electrical geophone which generates a binary signal is described. The geophone utilizes an optical fiber for the return transmission of a light source in the geophone. The geophone contains a light chopping means which oscillates in response to vibrations imparted into a geologic formation. As the chopping means such as a baffle or a tubular member vibrates, it chops the light signal and creates an on/off light pattern, i.e., binary signal. The light passing through a slit in the baffle or tubular member is returned to the seismic vehicle through an optical fiber for further processing. The optical-electrical geophone creates a binary signal directly without the use of clipping electronics and magnets or coils used in conventional geophones.

Abstract: An apparatus for scanning a sheet-shaped recording medium comprises a first conveyance system and a second conveyance system for receiving and conveying the recording medium conveyed by the first conveyance system. The second conveyance system is spaced from the first conveyance system by a distance shorter than the length of the recording medium. A roller is positioned between the first conveyance system and the second conveyance system and moves up and down to contact and bend the recording medium after the recording medium conveyed by the first conveyance system reaches the second conveyance system. A scanning optical system is positioned on the side opposite to the roller with respect to the recording medium for scanning the bent surface of the recording medium by a light beam in a scanning direction normal to the conveyance direction of the recording medium.

Abstract: In a light beam scanning apparatus for scanning a light beam by use of a mechanical deflector such as a galvanometer mirror or a rotating polygonal mirror, the deviation of the light beam in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction is corrected by a correcting light beam deflector. The correcting light beam deflector is driven by a control circuit in which a correcting signal is input. The correcting signal is obtained by a position detector which detects the position of a light beam scanned in correspondence with the scanning light beam. The position detecting light beam and the scanning light beam are caused to impinge upon the same point or points coincident with each other on a light deflector such as a galvanometer or a polygonal mirror so that the position detecting light beam may be deflected or deviated in correspondence with the scanning light beam.

Abstract: A calibration block is used for calibrating a bulk material analyzer that has an activation region in which bulk material is received for analysis and a chute for passing the bulk material through the activation region. The block is dimensioned to be of almost the same cross-sectional size as the interior of the chute and extends both above and below the activation region when inserted in the chute. The calibration block is manufactured by (a) providing a mixture of known materials of known proportions that do not chemically react with each other, including a bonding agent; (b) homogenizing the mixture to make a thick paste in which the known materials are bound without segregation of known materials that have different densities; (c) molding the homogeneous mixture into the shape of a block having predetermined dimensions; and (d) solidifying the molded mixture to provide the calibration block.

Abstract: A logging device is disclosed for utilization in the detection of low energy photons. The logging device includes a sonde suitable for insertion into a wellbore. An insulating storage vessel is disposed within the sonde and serves to insulate a photon detection device and its associated electronic circuitry. The insulating storage vessel is constructed utilizing an inner and outer cylindrical shell. Each shell is constructed utilizing a low thermal conductive metallic material such as stainless steel or titanium and each shell includes at least a portion constructed utilizing a low density material having a high photon transmission property wherein low energy photons may be detected by the photon detection device within the insulating storage vessel. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an aperture is provided in the sonde which includes a plug of low density, low atomic number material wherein low energy photons may penetrate the sonde.

Abstract: An improved method of operating a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This method, which involves double pulsing, achieves an increase in the resolution of TOF mass spectrometers by compensating for the energy spread of the species extracted from the source and thus the time spread of ions of a specific mass arriving at a detector. According to this improved method, atoms (or molecules) for analysis are rapidly removed from a surface at a first well defined time. These atoms or molecules are then rapidly ionized at a location or region a distance, R, from the surface at a second well defined time after a selected time delay, T.sub.o. The resultant ions first move through a region of uniform electric field of a distance, S.sub.1, and then into a field-free region having a length, S.sub.2, Lastly, ions leaving the field-free region enter a short high energy accelerating region so as to impinge upon an ion detector.

Abstract: The spectrometer includes an ion source, an ion mirror receiving the ions issued from the source, a first detector placed so as to receive the ions reflected by the mirror and a second detector disposed behind the mirror, all these components forming an assembly of axial symmetry. A reflex spectrum of the ions reflected by the mirror and received by the first detector can be obtained in parallel with a spectrum of the neutral species which may have appeared as a result of in flight decompositions of metastable ions and which are received by the second detector. This arrangement is particularly adapted to the study of metastable ions, processing means being provided for producing correlated reflex spectra where the contributions of ion fragments corresponding to received neutral fragments is enhanced.

Abstract: When AC voltages in-phase to each other are superposed on the DC voltages applied to a pair of opposing electrodes of a quadrupole lens, the waveform of the intensity of the ion beam is disturbed only if the central orbit of ions is deviated from the center of the quadrupole lens. In view of this, adjustment of the central orbit of ions is facilitated with the help of variations in the waveform of the intensity of the ion beam while superposing the AC voltages in-phase to each other on the DC voltages applied thereto.

Abstract: A sample (EC) is mounted on a sample carrier (PO). Vertically thereabove a common optical portion (5) receives a beam of primary ions derived from an ion source (S10) together with a beam of primary electrons derived from an electron source (S30). The secondary electrons and ions due to the sample (EC) being bombarded by said primary ions and electrons are retrieved by said common optical portion (5). The electrons are detected by electron detection means (D40). The secondary optical system (2) transmits the secondary ions to a mass spectrometer (SP20). This instrument is capable of providing ion and electron images of a single sample simultaneously.

Abstract: A two-dimensional image sensor is exposed under vacuum to an electron beam having passed through a specimen, and instantaneous light emitted from the image sensor upon exposure to the electron beam is detected with an image intensifier to reproduce an image observed to attain a desired focused condition and/or a desired field. After the image has been focused by the operator while observing the image, the image sensor is exposed under vacuum to an electron beam having been transmitted through the specimen to store the energy of the electron beam representative of the image of the specimen on the image sensor. Then, stimulating energy is applied to the image sensor for discharging light therefrom which represents the stored energy of the electron beam. The light discharged from the image sensor is photoelectrically detected to reproduce the transmitted electron-beam image of the specimen as a final output image thereof under the desired focused condition and/or with said desired field.

Abstract: A radiation-responsive system is described for measuring the distance to a fire. A radiation detector produces an output I1 dependent on the intensity of radiation received in a narrow wavelength band where there is insignificant atmospheric absorption while another detector produces an output I2 dependent on the intensity received in a narrow wavelength band where there is significant atmospheric absorption. The ratio I1/I2 will thus be dependent on the distance to the fire because each of the terms will be equally affected by the normal square law decrease of intensity with distance, but the term I2 will decrease as the distance increases. A ratio unit measures the ratio I1/I2 which is converted into digital form and passed to a processing unit. The latter is programmed according to the precise form of the relationship between I1/I2 and distance to produce an output proportional to distance.

Abstract: A multi-component non-dispersive gas analyzer of a type typically used to measure the concentrations of gases present in automotive emissions and in breath analyzers has no moving parts and employs electrically operated means for effectively inserting and removing a reference cell from the optical path and for selecting a particular filter to determine momentarily the wavelengths of radiation being examined. The means for accomplishing these ends include a substrate on which a layer of vanadium dioxide is deposited. The layer is a good reflector at temperatures greater than 67.degree. C. and reflects only slightly at lower temperatures. The layer is alternately heated by an electrical current and is then allowed to cool to provide the desired optical switching action. This electrically-controlled selectively reflective layer is then used in conjunction with the reference cell and with an array of filters to implement the necessary switching and selection of the components.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting gas concentration using an infrared absorption gas detector. Noise due to vibration is substantially reduced by integrating the voltage produced by the gas detector with an integrator having an adjustable time constant. The time constant is adjusted to a long value during times when the gas concentration is remaining relatively constant. When the gas concentration is changing substantially, the time constant is adjusted to a relatively short value to allow the output of the integrator to better follow the changes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for reducing temperature variation in an infrared detector. The apparatus comprises a coldfinger for receiving thermal energy from an infrared detector. A thermal damper is also provided for conducting thermal energy from said detector to the coldfinger by one or more thermally conductive paths. A detector mount is used for combining the thermal energy flowing through the paths, thereby reducing the temperature variation in the detector.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for indicating quench associated with a liquid scintillation solution wherein the solution includes a sample, a solvent and a solute. The method includes exposing the solution to flashes of light, detecting a pulse height spectrum for scintillations produced in the solution in response to the light flashes, determining a unique point on such pulse height spectrum, and relating the unique point to a corresponding pulse height value, such pulse height value providing an indication of quench associated with the solution. The wavelength of light preferably excites essentially only the solvent and the light flash intensity and duration is such that the pulse height spectrum produced in response to the light flashes does not overlap a pulse height spectrum for the sample in the solution. An attribute of the shape of the light pulse height spectrum may be examined to provide an indication of the homogeneous or non-homogeneous nature of the quench present in the solution.

Abstract: A light transmitting member is disposed between a scintillator element array consisting of a plurality of scintillator elements and a multichannel photodiode including a plurality of photodiode elements. Light transmitting elements of the light transmitting member are formed of a material whose light transmission factor is higher than that of the scintillator elements and which absorbs radiation (X-rays). Absorbed by the scintillator elements and the light transmitting elements, therefore, incident X-rays are prevented from being projected on the photodiode. On the other hand, light emitted from the scintillator elements is transmitted through the light transmitting member with high light transmission factor, and detected by the photodiode. Thus, the detectable quantity of light is large.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved direct-write/read charged particle beam lithography/readout system employing multiple channel charged particle beam optical columns wherein a plurality of individually controlled, single deflector stage charged particle beam optical columns are operated in parallel to simultaneously write or read the same or complementary semiconductor device microcircuit patterns on a plurality of different target areas of a semiconductor target wafer whereby considerably increased thru-put of a microcircuit fabrication facility is achieved.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device including a combination of a porous filter and ultraviolet light source, that is for purifying fluid media. The porous filter filtering out particles suspended in the fluid medium and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp killing germs in the fluid medium are arranged in a combination in such a way that the porous filter distributes the fluid flow in a pattern that exposes the fluid medium to the germicidal radiation uniformly and thoroughly, while the ultraviolet germidical light destroys the bacteria and other germs contaminating the fluid medium, and at the same time cleans the porous filter continuously by oxidizing the organic particles clogging the porous filter wherein the oxidizing process utilizes oxygen naturally dissolved in the fluid medium or that artificially injected into the fluid medium.

Abstract: A curing oven for adhesive which is curable by ultraviolet radiation. The curing oven includes a housing having a curing chamber for containing an item to be cured, an access opening to the chamber, a closure member for the access opening, an ultraviolet lamp which is located above the curing chamber, a primary enclosure for the lamp which includes a top opening above the lamp and a bottom opening which is below the lamp. The bottom opening forms an opening to the curing chamber to enable ultraviolet radiation to pass from the lamp to the curing chamber and to enable a convective airflow to develop from the bottom opening to the top opening across the lamp. Means are provided for creating an airflow above the top opening for removing heated air which passes through the top opening from the convective airflow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the lateral position of a moving web in a dual control mode system. The control system ordinarily operates in a precise, highly-sensitive fine mode but is automatically switched into a less precise but rapidly responding coarse mode in response to loss of control in the fine mode. After control is reestablished in the coarse mode, the coarse mode control is terminated and the fine mode control is resumed.