Abstract: A triangular, sharp projection is formed in the surface of a key handle, the projection being directed into the interior of a key ring opening formed therein. This key ring projection includes edge recesses formed proximate the base thereof thereby providing a shape forcing the segments of a collapsed helical key ring apart, the recesses then maintaining the ring segments separated for insertion or removal of additional keys. In an alternative implementation the similar key ring separation projection may be formed on articles other than keys that can thus be carried on the key ring for convenience in key removal.

Abstract: A heat shield arrangement for a hot-rolling mill has thin-walled heat insulating panels above below and at the sides of a hot material path through the mill. The upper and/or side panels are adjustable in position to reduce the free space around the material on said path and so improve the view factor. The upper panels are suspended from carrier frames which can be raised to lift the panels clear. With the frames lowered, the upper panels are adjustable between a raised ambush position and a fully lowered operative position. Lowering the panels from the ambush position can be triggered by sensing the presence of the material so that the panels become fully effective as a strip of hot material begins to pass under them but are held sufficiently high before threading to avoid damage from a hot strip with a distorted leading edge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool point as well as to a method and device for making a pipe joint flange in sheet material, like in the wall of a pipe. The tool point is provided with a hole-working bit member and a flanging surface is provided by the lower face of a recess thereabove or by the top surface of a chamfer. During the drilling of a hole, a certain axis of the hole-working means is brought to coincide with the axis of rotation of said tool point. When the hole working is finished, the tool point is shifted relative to the axis of rotation so as to move said axis of the hole-working means away from the axis of rotation, said flanging surface thus moving below the rim of a hole. When the tool point is then rotated in this radially displaced position while simultaneously pulling it out of the hole, the flanging surface pulls the hole rims upwards to form a flange. A single-component tool point is simple and sturdy and can, therefore, be used for flanging thick sheets.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for straightening metal wires by means of a plurality of straightening rollers located alternately on either side of the wire, comprising a fixed chassis, a fixed carriage and mobile carriages guided on two bars parallel to the general direction of the wire. Two adjacent carriages are connected by levers assembled as scissors articulated on the carriages in the lower part and on sliding blocks guided vertically on the carriages in the upper part. A plurality of carriages and lever systems are assembled so that the distance between two adjacent carriages remains identical whatever the carriages in question during displacement of one of them. Each carriage bears one of the rollers located above the wire. Each roller located beneath the wire is borne by one of the levers, and located in an intermediate position between two adjacent upper rollers so that it moves away from said rollers and moves downwardly when the carriages are moved apart.

Abstract: A machine for controlling the width of workpieces rolled between horizontal rolls includes a pair of vertical edger rolls which are mounted on respective pivotable arms. The pivots for the arms include an eccentric whereby the rolls can be moved closer together or further apart to accommodate workpieces of different width. A cam mechanism is provided to increase and decrease the separation between the rolls. This mechanism bears against the arms on the opposite sides of the pivots to the edger rolls.

Abstract: A portable pipe-bending machine that makes uniform and consistent bends of varying degree curvature in pipes is disclosed. The pipe-bending machine has a stabilizing platform to resist counter-bending forces and interchangeable elements to accommodate pipes of a different thicknesses. The pipe is forced between a solid mandrel and a movable semi-sleeve in a rotation yoke and the yoke is moved at a pre-set number of degrees, thereby putting the desired bend in the pipe.

Abstract: A roll bending apparatus for use in a multi-stage rolling mill adapted for rolling a hard material or a thin sheet material with a high uniformity of thickness along the breadth, with a high degree of accuracy and low energy. The rolling mill has work rolls of a comparatively small diameter. The amount of bend of the small-diameter work roll is controlled by the roll bending apparatus for attaining the high degree of uniformity of thickness along the breadth of the rolled material. The roll bending apparatus has, for each of said work rolls, a supporting member having a work roll supporting portion for rotatably supporting the work roll and rockable vertically about a fulcrum, and a bending force generating means adapted for engaging the supporting member so as to cause a rocking motion of the supporting member thereby applying a substantially vertical roll bending force to the work roll through the supporting member.

Abstract: A method is disclosed wherein, to guide a billet into a pressure-piercing mill, the same pusher is utilized as is normally provided to force the billet through the nip of the mill rolls.

Abstract: A reinforced plastic retainer ring for use in a sheet metal stretch forming process. The ring is reinforced with a plurality of metal brackets embedded in the rim portion generally radially aligned toward the center of the ring.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a shadow mask from a mask blank includes a punch having a convex surface, a pad having a complementary concave surface, and upper and lower dies having openings therein for receiving the punch and the pad, respectively. Each die also has a complementary nonplanar surface adjacent the opening for clamping the mask blank. Each die surface has a surface contour that substantially matches the extended surface contour of the mask blank when the mask blank lies against the inner edge of the lower die surface, so that wrinkling does not occur when the mask blank is clamped between the upper and lower dies.

Abstract: A belt fastener of the type formed from a blank of metal having substantially uniform thickness by a progressive die arrangement. The fastener includes a generally flat upper plate, a generally flat lower plate, strap means joining the plates and an abutment finger extending from one of the plates for limiting insertion of a belt segment moved between the plates. The finger is offset with respect to the strap means and has a thickness less than that of the blank. The finger is engageable with the strap means of another belt fastener which other fastener functions to hold an adjacent belt segment.

Abstract: A tool for crimping terminals onto the ends of electrical conductors so that a cross-sectional shape of a four-tipped star is obtained comprises in a pair of die carriers at least one pair of co-operating die elements, each die element comprising a central indentation and each pair of die elements further comprising at least two lateral cut-in portions so that a crimping space in the shape of star with four tips is obtained wherein the two indentations define two of the tips, and the two cut-in portions define the other two tips, extending transversely to the first ones.

Abstract: A table shift apparatus for large hydraulic presses employs two sets of cylinders for moving the working table of the press back and forth along a given path. To prevent ram buckling as would occur if rams or pistons were operated in compression, a first group of cylinders operated in tension only is provided for pulling the table in one direction while a second group of cylinders disposed at the other end of the path and also operated in tension is used for pulling the table back. While one group of cylinders is pulling the table the other group may assist the pulling operation by pushing the table as long as the applied hydraulic pressure is controlled to prevent buckling of its rams under all circumstances.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for measuring the pressure drop which occurs between two sides of an orifice plate attached to a filter bag. The apparatus includes a chamber with an orifice plate at one end and a pair of tubular pressure taps located on either side of the orifice plate whereby one tap is located on the upstream side of the orifice plate and the other is located at the downstream side. Both taps have a particular location and configuration to avoid clogging whenever the bags are cleaned. The apparatus is used in a sequentially timed and controlled system for measuring and recording bag performance of many bags in a baghouse. The system is formed by attaching the above apparatus to a plurality of bags in a baghouse and connecting the pressure taps from each apparatus to a sequentially activated and controlled valve system which individually measures the pressure drop at each bag through the use of a single differential pressure-measuring device.

Abstract: A method and a device for testing the tightness of an engine of the kind having at least one cylinder (1), a piston (2) movable therein and a crankcase (3) with crank means (4, 5), which are drivable by the piston, is based on measuring of the leakage of gases passing the piston into the crankcase by connection of a measuring apparatus (8) so that it communicates with the interior of the crank case. (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for measuring the hardness of a metal object such as a railway wheel. The wheel is rolled along a rail to a notched receiving assembly into which the wheel is lowered to stabilize the wheel in a longitudinal direction. A frame with a bracing device is then pressed against the wheel hub to stabilize the wheel in a lateral direction. A secondary frame including both a grinding device and a hardness testing device is then swung about a pivot axis such that the grinding device grinds a section of the metal railway wheel. Upon the continuation of the pivoting movement of the secondary frame, a hardness testing device is brought into alignment with the ground section of the railway wheel whereupon the hardness test of the wheel is performed.

Abstract: The open loop calibration of the fuel delivery system of an internal combustion engine is recalibrated based on the response of the engine idle speed as the air/fuel ratio of the air and fuel mixture supplied to the engine is varied. When the engine is at idle, the air/fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to the engine is decreased until a peak engine idle speed is detected. Thereafter, the air/fuel ratio of the mixture is increased until the engine speed decreases from the detected peak value by an amount corresponding to the desired value of a controlled parameter such as the amount of CO in the exhaust gases.

Abstract: In a throttle valve opening sensor including a substrate provided with an opening detecting portion for detecting openings of a throttle valve and a specific opening detecting portion for detecting a specific opening of the throttle valve, the specific opening detecting portion consisting of a collector and a conductor, a rotor adapted to be rotated in association with rotation of the throttle valve, and first and second contacts mounted to the rotor and adapted to slide on the opening detecting portion and the specific opening detecting portion, thereby detecting the openings and the specific opening of the throttle valve; the improvement is characterized in that the collector and the conductor of the specific opening detecting portion comprises a metal conductor, and that a resin member is arranged on the substrate in connection with the collector and the conductor, the resin member being made substantially flush with the collector and the conductor, wherein the second contact is slid on the resin member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for verifying proper operation of a vehicle anti-lock braking system includes pressure measuring devices which are releasably attached to an exterior surface portion of the flexible wheel brake hoses. Each measuring device senses changes in the external diameter of the associated hose, which changes are representative of fluid pressure changes within the hose. The valving in the braking system is tested by applying fluid pressure to the system, operating the associated valves in a predetermined sequence, and monitoring the pressure changes in the associated wheel brake hoses to determine whether the valving is operating properly.

Abstract: In the testing of explosive munitions, particularly sub-munitions such as self-forging fragment and shaped charge devices, the munitions are spun about a longitudinal axis to simulate a spin-stabilized munition. An assembly for spinning the munition includes a stationary hub, a rotating hub and an arrangement for mounting the munition concentrically on the hub. A detonator mount positions a detonator and an explosive booster on the axle near the explosive. The stationary mounting of the detonator and booster allows a safer disarming of the munition in the event of misfire.

Abstract: A wind direction finder for use on a golf course includes a fastener portion and a ribbon portion which is attached to the fastener portion. The fastener portion includes an adhesive material having a peel away sheet, which when removed, allows the wind direction finder to be attached to the canopy frame post of a golf cart, preferably on the portion at an angle away from a line perpendicular to the ground. As the wind freely blows between the main body of the golf cart and the canopy, the wind lifts the free end of the ribbon, and the angle and direction of the ribbon can be observed by the golfer to indicate both the direction and speed of the wind. With this knowledge, the golfer can make appropriate compensations in the golf shot to be made. The fastener portion includes an interior member having the adhesive on one side thereof and a backing member and the ribbon is affixed between the interior member and the backing member.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing hydrostatic pressure in a fluid, forming a head for a bubble tube for immersion into the fluid. The head is formed of a plate having a flat lower surface for horizontal disposition within a liquid, a first orifice for introducing a gas under pressure from above the plate whereby the gas can form a bubble under the plate within the liquid. The effect of the plate is as a surface on which a stable sessile bubble of a variable size can be grown. This results in a bubble having a substantially increased radius of curvature at its interface, that is, the gas/liquid interface, on the underside of the bubble than previously obtainable. A pressure gauge measuring the gas pressure in the tube determines the pressure at the end of the tube within the fluid.

Abstract: Accelerometer with an inertial mass suspended in a housing, and with apparatus for deriving a signal for the measurement of a force acting on the inertial mass. The accelerometer measurement is thereby made by means of a light source located inside the inertial mass, the light from which is transmitted through hiles in the inertial mass. The light transmitted through the holes strikes photo elements positioned on the housing. This apparatus makes possible a direct evaluation of the signals, whereby, if necessary, digital words can be produced for the determination of the position of the inertial mass within the housing. In one embodiment the inertial mass has two holes therein which transmit light to two groups of photo elements.

Abstract: Seals in an automotive body are inspected for leaks by sensing ultrasonic energy passing through a seal. Either of an ultrasonic emitter or detector is scanned along a seal outside the body by a robot and the other is inside the body. The emitter operates at frequencies of 65 to 80 kHz and repetitively sweeps through a range of 6 kHz. The body may be either open or closed.

Abstract: Changes in linear dimension of objects are determined by measuring strains caused in an electrical resistance strain gauge which is attached to an elongated element with a high modulus of elasticity provided on at least one end of an elongated body with a low modulus of elasticity extending in the direction of linear dimension of the object.

Abstract: A device positionable in a borehole for monitoring relative mass displacements axially along the borehole between at least two spaced-apart anchor points, comprises at least two retrievable anchor members arranged in spaced-apart opposite relationship to define the at least two anchor points, the anchor members each having radially displaceable borehole wall contacting means and including mechanical means for radially outwardly displacing the borehole wall contacting means to engage the borehole wall and thereby fix the anchor member in the borehole against the wall thereof. A linear displacement sensing means is arranged between the anchor members, the displacement sensing means being connected to one of the anchor members and including an elongated axially movable sensor element, the sensor element being normally biased in a direction toward the other anchor member for contact engagement therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing performances of a screw consisting of a bolt and a nut in the plastic region under loading of an external force as well as in the elastic region. The apparatus comprises a load cell adapted for detecting thread torque, bearing torque, clamping torque and axial tension, nut tightening apparatus, apparatus for generating external force to be applied to the sample screw and an extensometer adapted for detecting twist angle and elongation of the bolt and revolution angle of the nut.

Abstract: An ultrasonic speed sensor produces a linear voltage directly proportional to the speed of material falling through a chute and contacting a plate. A transducer coupled to the plate produces a second linear voltage which is directly proportional to the force applied to the plate by the material as it impacts the plate. An electronic dual slope integrator circuit combines these two linear DC voltages to produce a digital pulse output whose frequency is directly proportional to the flow rate of the material. The digital pulse output may be used to drive a totalizer which totals the amount of material flowing through the chute, and an indication meter to provide an instantaneous readout of the flow rate.

Abstract: The probe is of the withdrawable type and consists of an elongated cylindrical body made up of a tube 10 joined to an upper T-connector and to a lower tip portion 18. The tip portion 18 is of stepped shape and has a through-passage 34 beneath the step. A pressure tapping 36 opens at a port 38 in the wall of the through-passage 34 to sense reduced pressure at a vena contracta in the passage 34. Another tapping 40 opens at a port 42 in the step face 26 adjacent a concave face 28 which causes a pressure higher than static pressure. The total pressure difference can be three velocity heads and is communicated through tubes 20, 22 to a differential valve so that changes in flow rate in the pipe 16 affect the valve. The probe is relatively of small diameter and is especially applicable to control of the pressure in relation to the rate of flow of natural gas in distribution systems.

Abstract: A turbine wheel meter with a meter housing having a lateral opening, with a measuring insert including an impeller, and a flow regulator being inserted in a duct of the meter housing. The measuring devices can, without removing the same from a length of conduit, be installed, exchanged, and calibrated outside of the meter housing by a corresponding structure of the flow regulator in relation to a discontinuity or gap in the duct, by a plug-in and centering arrangement provided on opposed end faces of the measuring device and the flow regulator device, by a flaring portion of the duct in conjunction with a counter shoulder of the flow regulator, as well as by the use of a clamping element.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the thickness of a tubular plastic layer during the process of its fabrication, which includes an ultrasonic transducer which generates a signal dependent on the thickness of the shape being measured while the shape is at a non-uniform condition of temperature, and circuitry for generating at least one signal from known process parameters, and an arithmetic unit for processing the signals derived as described above to generate an error signal which compensates for the influence of temperature on the test.

Abstract: Apparatus and a test method for bench scale determination of whether a particulate material will flow under the action of gravity alone from an outlet in the bottom of a container. The apparatus includes a test cell having inclined conical side walls, and that is closed at its larger end by a plug having an inwardly-facing surface that is concave and conforms to a coaxial cone. In this way, cylindrical surfaces are avoided, and the shape of the space within the test cell offers minimal interference with the plastic stress field of the material. This testing method includes the novel step of inverting the test cell after consolidation of the test material but prior to application of the failure load.

Abstract: A drive mechanism for raising and lowering the placement head of an electrical component assembly machine, the mechanism having a servo motor driving a lead nut engaging a lead screw which carries the placement head. The servo motor, in response to the machine control, rotates the lead nut to lower the placement head the desired distance from the board for proper placement in the board. A pair of rollers contact upper flat surfaces on the lead screw to prevent axial rotation of the lead screw.

Abstract: A well pumping unit including a derrick having first and second sheave sets attached near the top thereof, a drive mechanism, a counterweight, a polish rod assembly and cable members. The cable members form a closed loop extending from the polish rod assembly to the first sheave set, to the counterweight, to the second sheave set, to the drive mechanism, to the second sheave set, to the first sheave set and back to the polish rod assembly. The counterweight is suspended by the sheave sets and cable members between the sheave sets. When the drive mechanism operates in a first direction, the polish rod assembly is raised and the counterweight lowered. When the drive mechanism operates in a second direction, the counterweight is raised and the polish rod assembly lowered. The counterweight may be located within the derrick while the polish rod assembly and drive mechanism may be located outside of the derrick. The weight of the counterweight may be adjusted as desired.

Abstract: A hydraulic construction for a working vehicle comprising a transmission case housing a hydraulic clutch and defining a lateral opening, and hydraulic control device mounted on an inner face of a cover attached to the transmission case to close the opening, the hydraulic control device acting to control oil flows to the hydraulic clutch. The hydraulic control device is hydraulically connectable to oil passage device connected to the hydraulic clutch when the cover is attached to the transmission case.

Abstract: A gear assembly for high-speed transmission between either two parallel shafts or two intersecting shafts comprising two meshing gears, one mounted to a drive shaft and the other mounted to a driven shaft, each of the gears having coaxially disposed first and second toothed portions which differ from each other in that the teeth of the first toothed portion are cut at a first inclination angle and the teeth of the second toothed portion are cut at a second inclination angle different from the first inclination angle. One of the meshing gears is fixed to its shaft so as to be non-displaceable axially, while the other is mounted so as to be axially displaceable with respect to the fixed gear.

Abstract: A shift mechanism in a power transfer device includes first and second shift rods axially slidably mounted in parallel to each other within a housing of the transfer device, an interlock mechanism arranged to selectively retain the shift rods in their shifted positions, an operation rod extending through the wall of the housing and rotatably supported therethrough, the operation rod having an outer end operatively connected to a manually operated transfer lever and an inner end located in the interior of the housing, and a swing lever pivoted to the inner end of the operation rod at a position displaced in a predetermined distance from the axis of the operation rod, the swing lever having one end portion engaged with the first shift rod and the other end portion engaged with the second shift rod.

Abstract: A transversely mounted transmission has a torque converter housing portion, a gear housing portion, and differential housing portion each having a centerline noncoincidental with the others. The torque converter housing portion has a mounting face adapted to be secured to an engine at an engine mounting plane. The differential housing portion has a substantially cylindrical section disposed on the engine side of the mounting plane. At least part of the differential housing is disposed within a cylindrical extension defined by the outer periphery of the torque converter housing portion.

Abstract: A linearly reciprocable actuator is reciprocated by a mechanism which includes a rotatable part which is operably connected to the actuator to produce linear movement of the actuator in response to rotation of the rotatable part. A fine drive motor is operably connected to the rotatable part for rotating the rotatable part in a precisely controlled manner. The fine drive mechanism is operably disconnectable from the rotatable part to permit the latter to be rotatable independently of the fine drive motor. A coarse drive mechanism is connected to the rotatable part independently of the fine drive motor for rotating the rotatable part in a coarser manner than the fine drive motor when the fine drive motor is operably disconnected from the rotatable part.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a locking differential which comprises a differential case, side gears housed in the case to slide along axle shafts, a plurality of thrust washers and guide rings arranged in alternate relation in the case to slide along the axle shafts, a plurality of clutch plates arranged in the ring guides and interposed between the adjacent thrust washers, a resilient member urging the side gears to press the thrust washers and the clutch plates against the inner surfaces of the case while the clutch plates are held in pressure contact with the thrust washers, sleeves arranged axially outwardly of the side gears and having external splines for slidable movment along said axle shafts, the clutch plates each having on its inner periphery splines for engagement with the external splines of the sleeve, and means for moving the sleeves along the axis of the side gears.

Abstract: A planet gear drive mounting in the carrier of a speed increasing planetary gear train for driving a diesel engine turbocharger or the like includes a supporting axle carrying an enlarged hub which engages and supports a bearing in the gear, the gear being lightened and the bearing area being enlarged by the large inner diameter of the bearing (preferably at least 50 percent greater than that of the axle) so that centrifugal force caused bearing loads are reduced and bearing loadings are minimized. Lubrication and other features are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved power transmission system for use with a light saddle-type vehicle with an internal combustion engine of cross-mounted type has an improved construction such that there are provided a split type crank case adapted to be split generally centrally into two counterparts in the vertical way, an output shaft mounted on the bottom of and extending along a splitting line of the crank case, and a bevel gear transmission disposed intermediate the output shaft and a secondary drive shaft so that the driving power on the secondary drive shaft from the engine may be transmitted operatively to the output shaft through the bevel gear transmission, and/or that there is provided an auxiliary transission mounted outwardly of an outer bearing means of the transmission housed in the case, and adapted to provide a substantially large overall gear ratio making an increased stage of gear shifting available in the operation of the vehicle, whereby the maneuverability of the vehicle can be improved substantially.

Abstract: A method for indicating a running condition of a vehicle having an engine and a manual transmission generates a direction of a down-shift operation according to a detected opening angle of a throttle valve of the engine and detected acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle. The direction of the down-shift operation is generated when the acceleration of the vehicle is above a predetermined value while the throttle valve is substantially fully closed and when the deceleration of the vehicle is above a predetermined value while the throttle valve is substantially fully opened. Thus, a suitable direction of gear position is generated when the vehicle is climbing an uphill road or coasting on a downhill road.

Abstract: A creep preventive arrangement wherein a start-up pressure regulating valve discharges fluid from a servo chamber of a start-up clutch when a clutch piston assumes a predetermined creep preventive position, and a start-up detecting valve prohibits the fluid discharge from the servo chamber when a torque converter output revolution speed exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control apparatus wherein a first shift valve controls a speed change between a first speed stage and a second speed stage higher than the first speed stage. A second shift valve controls a speed change between the second speed stage and a third speed stage higher than the second speed stage in accordance with the throttle pressure and the governor pressure. In the third speed stage, the line pressure is supplied to an engaging device for the third speed stage and a control port through the first and second shift valves. The line pressure supplied to the control port counterbalances a spring force opposed to the governor pressure in the second shift valve. In a 2-range, the line pressure supplied to the control port counterbalances the compensating pressure related to an intake throttle position. In the 2-range, the line pressure is supplied to an engaging device for the second speed through an L-range shift valve, a second speed holding valve and the second shift valve.

Abstract: A sharpening guide for a chain saw with a vertical longitudinal channel which is placed on a saw chain and saw bar in a straddling position enabling the guide to move along the chain and bar while filing right hand and left hand cutters. The guide includes two transverse channels; six fixed transverse filing angles consisting of 30, 35 and 40 degrees with file and guide alignment lines; four 10 degree pitch filing angles; a detachable spacer to eliminate saw chain side movement or wobble; and an alignment and locking mechanism consisting of three adjustable bolts which holds the guide squarely and firmly in place allowing the operator to use both hands when filing cutters.

Abstract: A pull tab opener for use on pop-top cans such as are used for beverages having a mounting with fingers gripping the edge of the can opposite the pull tab and a lever arm hinged to the mounting for rotation downward and over the pull tab. The arm has a lip which falls below the periphery of the tab, when the tab is pushed down. When the arm is raised, the lip raises the pull tab above its yield point, but less than that which would break the seal at the opening. Thereafter the can is storable and can be readily opened by the fingers. A yieldably resilient portion of the lever arm is held against the opening in the can by an extension releasably engaging the edge of the can opposite the edge gripped by the fingers.

Abstract: A tattooing device includes a disposable syringe in which a tattoo dye is dispensed through a passageway in a needle of the syringe. A cam member is rotated to rotate a clutch rod held in a clutch member. The clutch rod rotates a threaded rod through a fixed nut member that causes the threaded rod to move linearly towards the syringe to displace a plunger pin fixed to the threaded rod. The plunger pin thereby displaces a plunger of the syringe to dispense the tattoo dye through the needle.

Abstract: A steel U-shaped pair of gripping arms are formed from steel having the proper size and shape to fit over the end of a lamp bulb. The tips of the gripper arms are formed to fit the end of the bulb and the steel is then annealed to obtain the required spring characteristics. The tips of the gripping arms are covered with plastic to provide friction between the gripping arms and the bulb. A chain is attached between the arms with a second chain attached to its center. Pulling the second chain will close the gripping arms. A slot is provided to secure the second chain to hold the arms at any desired span. Extensions can be attached to the gripper arms when the device is used on high overhead lamps. The steel used in the gripper arms is thin to fit between the bulb and fixture when the bulb is mounted in deep fixtures.

Abstract: Tongue-and-groove pliers comprises a pair of plier members each having a jaw portion, a joint portion and a handle portion, a pivotal bolt, a nut, a spring member and a pressure transmitting member. The joint portion of one of the pair of plier members has a bolt hole, an annular groove including a through hole, and an arcuate protuberance. The joint portion of the other plier member has an oblong slot and a plurality of arcuate adjustable channels with which the arcuate protuberance is engaged. The spring member has a gap, a long downward projection and a short downward projection and is accommodated within the annular groove about the bolt hole. The pressure transmitting member has an insertion hole for the pivotal bolt and an engaging hole for the long downward projection of the spring member and is loosely fitted movably in the oblong slot of the other plier member.