Abstract: An air conditioner having a heat exchange cycle which includes at least a compressor motor that is driven by an inverting apparatus at a variable speed, an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger is provided.

Abstract: An integral cooling garment for protection against heat stress characterized by a pair of separate linings stitched together to form tube-receiving chambers which microporous tubes are detachably connectable to a source of liquid carbon dioxide which converts to a solid phase and then gradually sublimates to carbon dioxide gas that is released into the chambers for cooling a wearer of the article of clothing, and the article being untethered to the source of liquid carbon dioxide when worn.

Abstract: A refrigeration-type dehumidifying system includes a rotary dehumidifier having a dehumidifying chamber, a defrost chamber and a cooling chamber radially formed within a casing and a dehumidifier wheel with plural heat-exchanger blades rotatably mounted in the casing to rotatively pass the three chambers whereby upon the counterclockwise rotation of the wheel, a dehumidifying air stream is directed into the dehumidifying chamber to deposit its lading moisture on the cooled wheel blades which in turn is defrosted when heated in the defrost chamber and further cooled in the cooling chamber to operate the dehumidification recirculatively.

Abstract: An ice generating system including an ice generating assembly (160) including a plurality of plates (28) having internal coolant passages (28A) with the plates clamped together by tension bolts (51) with spacers (54) between adjacent plates to space the plates and allow the formation of ice therebetween. Water is pumped into weirs (37) positioned above each plate and permitted to flow over both plate surfaces for forming ice. The spacers serve to prevent the flow of water over the plate edges so the ice will not mechanically lock on the plates. The ice is released from the plates by pumping warm gases through the coolant passages and transporting the released ice by screw conveyors (55) positioned beneath each plate bay.

Abstract: A refrigerant expansion device such as a Joule-Thomson expander has a surface with grooves or recesses which capture contaminants that condense from the refrigerant flow in the device, thereby avoiding blockage of the device by the condensed contaminants.

Abstract: Improved methods for circular weft knitting of variegated articles and selectively programmable circular weft knitting machine apparatus for carrying out such methods including means for effecting selective, controlled two dimensional displacement of compound needle member components and associated sinker elements so as to provide each such needle member with the selectable capability of performing a knit, tuck or float operation at each yarn feed location independent of the direction of knitting needle approach thereto.

Abstract: The yarn feeder slide proposed for intarsia knitting on a flat knitting machine and provided with a braking device has brake shoes (22,23) projecting sideways on pivoted levers (16,31) and which extend into a special longitudinal slot of the associated yarn feeder rail and can be jammed therein. Two control regions (19,38) for the braking device or for a moveable yarn feeder arm are provided and are spaced from one another in the direction of displacement of the yarn feeder slide (10) so that the yarn feeder driving member located on the cam carriage of the flat knitting machine can be selectively lowered into both control regions (19,38) of the yarn feeder slide.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the dyeing of shaped articles. The apparatus transports the shaped article in a treating chamber within the apparatus during the dyeing process; surrounds the shaped article with a non-reactive environment in the treating chamber; preheats the shaped article; flows a thin continuous film of a dye composition over the surfaces of the shaped article in a non-reactive environment at an elevated temperature; and cools the dyed shaped article. The apparatus can also rinse and dry the dyed shaped article. The apparatus further includes an applicator head for applying the thin continuous film of the dye composition over the shaped article and a carrier for positioning the shaped article in vertical alignment with the applicator head.

Abstract: A releasable locking device for preventing premature coupling of a truck tractor's air braking glad hand to a truck trailer's air braking glad hand is disclosed. The device includes a set of jaws adapted to interlock with each other and the non air-connecting end of a glad hand. A channel integral with the set of jaws houses a barrel lock to effect control of the interlocking of the set of jaws with the non air-connecting end of the glad hand so that, when the set of jaws is interlocked with each other and the non air-connecting end of a glad hand, an operator may not prematurely couple a truck tractor's air brakes to a truck trailer's air brakes.

Abstract: An antitheft device for attachment to a steering wheel of an automobile comprising an elongated body member having a passage extending along an axis therethrough, first hook means secured to the body member for engagement with a portion of the steering wheel wherein the first hook means engage the wheel from the inside thereof with the body member extending outward beyond the periphery of the steering wheel, an elongated rod member adapted to move in telescopic fashion in the passageway of the body member along the axis, second hook means secured to the rod member for engaging the inside portion of the steering wheel diametrically opposed to the first hook means, and means associated with the body member engaging the rod within the passage for locking the rod member stationary with respect to the body member at any of a plurality of positions.

Abstract: In a skew-rolling stand for rolling hollow billets, in particular for stretching hollow billets into tubular blooms, work material guides are provided at the entry end and/or at the delivery end. These work material guides comprise a preferably motor-driven guide tube (19) which can be rotated about its longitudinal axis, which considerably improves guiding and offers additional protection against heat losses and scaling of the work material. The guide tube does away with the need for a re-heating furnace and allows immediate subsequent finish-rolling.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a bathtub having a sloped back end in a sheet steel drawing process, wherein a steel blank is first held onto a draw ring and bed by a blank holder. A punch in the general shape of the bathtub is forced into the blank. As the punch extends into the draw ring, an air draw is made at the portion of the blank corresponding to the sloped back end in the final product of the process. This portion of the blank develops wrinkles as the drawing operation continues, until the blank contacts a die in the bed of the set-up. As the punch extends further into the draw stroke the blank is pressed into recesses in the die by corresponding bulges in the punch, thereby "ironing" out the wrinkles in the blank so that the sloped end is smooth.

Abstract: A structure for mounting mandrels in a tube expanding apparatus comprising a horizontal mounting plate fixed to the underside of a vertically movable slide and having a plurality of passage holes through which the mandrels suspendingly extend. The structure comprising a cylindrical holder non-fixedly provided on the mounting plate above each passage hole and having an internal gripping space for holding an upper region of each mandrel. The holder comprising a pair of cylinder halves movable toward and away from each other. A contractive rubber ring being fitted around the holder to force the cylinder halves toward each other into a joined state. The upper region of the mandrel being provided with a diametrically reduced, eccentric portion surrounded by an engaging groove. With one of the cylinder halves being internally formed with an arcuate projection which is selectively engageable with and disengageable from the engaging groove in response to the rotation of the mandrel relative to the holder.

Abstract: A guarded ring tensioned thickness standard for use with coating thickness gages includes a ring formed of a first material having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of a second material from which a diaphragm is formed. The diaphragm is bonded to the ring at a temperature which is elevated with respect to room temperature so that after the standard has cooled to room temperature, the diaphragm is supported in tension on the ring. The diaphragm is formed of a thickness corresponding to the estimated thickness of a coating to be measured and may be used both in the calibration of a coating thickness gage and in the actual measurement of uncured powdered coatings.

Abstract: An efficiency monitoring device determines the efficiency of a machine and operator where the machine is turned off and on by the operator. Efficiency is determined by first monitoring the cycle speed of a machine by means of a light source, a reflective tape, and a photoelectric cell which produces a signal from which a digital computer can continuously calculate the instantaneous cycle speed. The computer maintains a continuous time base, and then plots the cycle speed as a function of time to produce an efficiency profile for the machine and operator.

Abstract: To permit physical separation and movement between an automotive vehicle and a test or diagnostic apparatus, the transducers transmitting signals representative of vehicle operating characteristics are coupled to a wireless transmitter, for example operating in long-wave, ultra-short-wave, infrared or ultrasonic mode; the signals are received in a wireless receiver constructed to receive the respectively transmitted signals, for application to a test or diagnostic apparatus. The system permits relative movement between the vehicle and the normally stationary diagnostic or test apparatus, for example to carry out diagnosis during movement of the vehicle.

Abstract: An ink transfer volume measuring assembly utilizes a front, resilient surfaced roller and a rear, hard surfaced roller carried in a hand held, portable housing. The front roller is pried against the surface of a screened ink roller and receives ink therefrom. This ink is transferred from the soft front roller to the rear hard roller where it is scraped off by a doctor blade. The ink removed from the rear roller is deposited in a collecting container where its volume is measured by using a float that carries an indicating pointer. A revolution counter is driven by the front roller to provide a measurement of collection time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for in situ drilling of a precise hole in an erected structural element and inserting in such hole in pressed-fit relationship a cylindrical strain gauge. A guide block is provided having a precision hole corresponding to the diameter of the hole desired in the structural element. The guide block has unthreaded bolt holes for attachment of the guide block to the structural element and guides a reamer to produce a precise hole in the structural element. The guide block also has threaded holes for advancing a push plate against a force-transmitting bushing which is insertable through the precision hole in the guide block into abutting relationship with an end face of a cylindrical strain gauge to force the gage into press-fit relationship with the precise hole in the erected structural element.

Abstract: An improved drive post and dog arrangement for transferring the motion of the piston in an oscillating piston meter from the piston to the exterior of the measuring chamber whereby the noise produced by repeated disengagement and re-engagement of the drive post and dog is reduced.

Abstract: In acoustic emission non-destructive testing, broadband frequency noise is distinguished from narrow band acoustic emission signals, wherein the latter are valid events indicative of structural flaws in the material being examined. This is accomplished by separating out those signals which contain frequency components both within and beyond (either above or below) the range of valid acoustic emission events.

Abstract: A vibration sensor for measuring the flow of vibrational energy through a structure comprises four accelerometers (24-27) placed in cruciform arrangement on the surface of the structure. The signals from the accelerometers are processed in pairs using sum/difference amplifiers (36-40) to give two rotational (41, 42) and one translational (43) acceleration signal. The acceleration signals are frequency modulated (46-48) by as local oscillator (53) of preselected frequency, low-pass filtered (62-64) and the rotational acceleration signals (68, 70) then multiplied (72, 73) in phase quadrature (54) with the translational acceleration signal (69). The DC components of the resulting signals (76) are proportional to the time-average vibrational power flow. Knowledge of the flow paths facilitates the design of the structure to minimize effects of unwanted vibrations.

Abstract: An ultrasound device sends and guides ultrasonic waves to a part surface through a fluid in laminar flow along a curved path, and then receives the reflected and/or scattered waves from that surface in the mode of a sensor. The received signal yields information about the part surface topography such as roughness, scratches, and dents. Since the device can operate in real-time in situ on moving, as well as on stationary parts, the received ultrasonic signal may be used to monitor tool wear during part fabrication, and even provide feedback information for machine control.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring pressure, normal force and flexure in a cylindrical body includes first wire strain gauges disposed along a pipe in axial direction, second wire strain gauges disposed along the pipe in tangential direction, and an evaluating unit having inputs connected to the wire strain gauges and outputs issuing separate values for pressure, normal force and bending of the pipe.

Abstract: An improved pressure sensor includes a Bourdon tube, as its sensing element, and an indicator controlled thereby. At least one tightly closed container is secured to a free end of the Bourdon tube and is partly filled with a bulk material. If the Bourdon tube is made to vibrate as a result of pressure shocks or vibration forces acting upon its fixed end frictional forces that consume vibration energy arise between the container and the amounts of bulk material contained. The indicator includes Hall elements and permanent magnets, which magnets are secured on the Bourdon tube and are moved by it relative to the Hall elements.

Abstract: Apparatus for the simultaneous and uniform sampling of grain and recording of temperature from various predetermined locations within a grain storage facility. The apparatus consists of a drive section made of high strength material, such as steel, to which is attached a downwardly spiraling flight which enables the device to be driven into or out of stored grain. Attached above the drive section are sampling sections of equal length made of a light strong material, such as aluminum. Each of the sample sections has a sampling gate, which when opened receives samples of grain from each of the predetermined locations within the grain storage facility. Additionally, the device incorporates a thermometer within each of these sampling sections which is attached and secured in position by an alignment bar which additionally serves to positively join each of the sections to the other. Below the drive section is attached a shorter sampling section which comprises the tip of the probe.

Abstract: A Coriolis mass flow meter apparatus, suitable for high temperature applications, wherein a preferred embodiment of the apparatus is comprised of two cantilever-mounted U-shaped flow tubes sinusoidally driven as the tines of a tuning fork by a drive mechanism mounted on standoff means attached to the flow conduits, with flow rates measured by velocity sensors mounted on suspension bars attached to the flow conduits. The flow conduits are encased in an inner thermal isolation partition wall structure containing apertures through which the suspension bars and standoff means protrude. A vented outer casing encloses the flow tube and partition wall structure, with insulation provided between the outer casing and the partition wall. Thermal control means are provided inside the space enclosed by the partition wall means. Gas cooling means are provided for the velocity sensors and drive mechanism. Flexible double wire structure means are provided to transmit the velocity sensor signals.

Abstract: Improved drive means for oscillating the flow tubes of a parallel path Coriolis mass flow rate meter is described herein. The basic meter is known and comprises two substantially parallel flow tubes having oscillation axes and torsion axes. A pair of sensors sense the movement of the flow tubes about these axes with the time difference between the outputs of these sensors being indicative of the mass flow rate of the fluid. A drive means oscillates the tubes and comprises a coil and magnet-keeper arrangement. The present invention provides improved drive means comprising a rare earth-iron magnet having an annular configuration with a cup-shaped keeper member disposed thereabout to form an annular spacing. The magnet and keeper are affixed to the midpoint of one of the tubes. A coil is affixed to the other of the tubes with the coil interfitting into the annular spacing. The coil is so formed that the inductance does not exceed about nine millihenries.

Abstract: The torque imposed on premium thread connections between tubular goods is monitored and plotted as a function of time rather than the number of turns. In this manner, the torque at which "shoulder", either by metal-to-metal sealing contact or otherwise, is achieved during make-up of the premium connection can be detected. Further, torque response of the connection after shoulder may be monitored. In addition, torque conditions during back out or disconnection may be monitored. Data obtained indicate if connections and seals are acceptable or not and often furnish evidence of the reason for certain types of unsatisfactory connections.

Abstract: A piezoresistive force-measuring element comprises at least two force-introduction plates with an electrical conductor subjected to plastic deformation arranged between them. The force-introduction plates transmit the forces acting on them without mechanical shunting onto the conductor between them. The change of electrical resistance caused by the force sustained can be used to measure force, accompanied by plastic as well as elastic deformation of the conductor. The typically annular or rectangular force-introduction plates can be fitted inside a housing which may include a bridge circuit for determining the resistance change as well as other electronics enabling the device to be used as a transmitter. By placing the conductor in grooves or anchoring it in the pores of the adjacent plates, an essentially hydrostatic loading of the conductor is obtained, bringing an enormous extension of the measuring range while the measuring accuracy is enhanced owing to the reduced hysteresis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for measuring the gaseous content of industrial process gas streams. Gas is removed from the stream at a low flow rate, under 1 liter per minute, and is passed through a heated filter to remove particulates. The gas is then cooled to about 35.degree. to 70.degree. F. in order to condense water from the stream, and is passed through a metering pump which supplies a precisely metered amount of gas which can be mixed with air for dilution. The gas is then analyzed for the desired components.

Abstract: A starter drive is disclosed for a starting system of an internal combustion engine. A pinion is rotatably mounted on the starter motor shaft for engagement with the ring gear on the fly wheel of the engine. A drive sleeve disposed coaxially of the shaft is coupled with the pinion through an overrunning clutch. A helical cam and follower are connected between the shaft and the drive sleeve for advancing and retracting the pinion according to the relative speeds of the drive sleeve and the shaft. A friction brake is provided for the drive sleeve to restrain it against rotation during advancing movement of the starter drive. The starter motor has a permanent magnet field and the armature is connected across an electromagnet by the starter switch when it is turned off to provide dynamic braking for the motor. The electromagnet coacts with the permanent magnet brake to disable the friction brake while the motor is slowing down.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle gearbox of tye type which has two concentrically journalled input shafts connected to a double clutch for alternate engagement. The input shafts drive two intermediate shafts, which lie in a plane offset from the input shafts and having a pair of gears permanently engaged with each other, one of which is the gear for the second gear speed on one of the intermediate shafts, while the other gear is an extra gear freely rotatable and lockable to the hub of the gear for the first gear speed, on the other intermediate shaft. By releasing the gear for the first gear speed from its intermediate shaft and locking the extra gear to the gear wheel hub for the first gear speed, the rotational direction of the second intermediate shaft can be reversed for backing.

Abstract: A compact manual transaxle transmission includes an input shaft with four foward drive gears and a reverse drive gear. Two countershafts drive a differential. The first countershaft supports four forward driven gears and a reverse driven gear. The second countershaft supports another forward driven gear. One of the drive gears is in meshing engagement with driven gears on both countershafts, eliminating the necessity for elongating the input shaft to accommodate an additional gear set. The arrangement minimizes the overall axial length and optimizes the center distance between the input shaft and the second countershaft.

Abstract: A drive connection between a drive pinion and a motor shaft. The motor shaft has a longitudinal axial bore into which is force-fitted a pinion shaft which is preferably integral with the pinion. The pinion shaft is shorter in length than the length of the bore in the motor shaft and connects with said motor shaft bore therebeyond to define a cavity between the end of the pinion shaft and the bottom of the bore when the shaft is fully fitted within the bore. A second bore extends from the surface of the motor shaft into the cavity area of such longitudinal bore and has a fitting associated therewith for the selective introduction of a fluid under pressure into the cavity to force the pinion shaft out of the bore for disconnecting the pinion from the motor shaft.In one embodiment, both the axial bore and the pinion shaft have a constant diameter. In another embodiment the longitudinal bore has a stepped diameter and the pinion shaft has a stepped diameter corresponding to the bore diameter.

Abstract: A power transmission for automotive vehicles includes a trans-axle housing formed therein with first, second and third compartments which are in open communication with each other and store therein an amount of lubricating oil, a change-speed gear transmission mounted within the first compartment, a first transfer gear mechanism mounted within the second compartment and in drive connection with the gear transmission, and a second transfer gear mechanism mounted within the third compartment and in drive connection coaxially with the first transfer gear mechanism. For sufficient lubrication of the second transfer gear mechanism, an oil pump is mounted within the first compartment to be driven by the output drive power from the gear transmission and is connected to a communication passage extending to the third compartment through the second compartment to introduce lubricating oil discharged from the oil pump into the third compartment.

Abstract: A gearshift lock for the shift mechanism of a manually operated multiple speed ratio transmission includes a selector shaft rotatable by a gearshift lever under the control of the vehicle operator, a selector finger movable within slots formed in a base plate, the slots being defined by the various positions of the gearshift lever that correspond to speed ratios of the transmission. A spring-loaded rotatable locking cam mounted on the gate plate cooperates with a finger carried on the selector shafts to prevent backward shifting movement from a forward gear position into the reverse gear position and to guide the selector finger into the adjacent gearshift slot. A base plate pivots on a pin fixed to the gate plate against the force of a legged spring to produce a sensible indication to the vehicle operator when greater force is required to move the gearshift lever.

Abstract: A steering column for a vehicle and a method of making same, wherein the steering column is made from a tube which has a sleeve passed over a length of it in the region where the steering column is to be engaged by a steering lock mechanism, in order for there to be sufficient thickness in that region to accommodate a lock slot of the steering lock mechanism.In order to achieve substantially the same overall outer diameter along the major length of the steering column, the sleeve is secured to the tube, for example, by welding and the sleeve and underlying tube are crushed by swaging or a die forming machine so that the outer diameter of the sleeve becomes substantially the same as that of the tube beyond the sleeve.

Abstract: A connector for attaching a Bowden-wire cable assembly to a vehicle accelerator pedal mounting lever has a closed end needle-like or teardrop shaped nose portion closely hugging the cable assembly with only minimal clearance between to allow movement of the cable relative to the assembly, the outer periphery gradually increasing in radius to slowly blend to the diameter of a circumferential groove in the body portion having wall portions of a radial extent greater than the aperture in the lever within which it is to be inserted for snugly retaining the connector to the pedal mounting lever, and including a number of axially extending slots permitting collaspe of the grooved portion toward the center to permit insertion through the aperture and released to their free state to snugly straddle the wall of the lever defining the aperture receiving the connector, the needle-nose shaped end providing a self-centering action to the connector regardless of the misalignment of the axis of the cable assembly with respe

Abstract: The rectilinear jack comprises a cage defining an inner chamber at an upper portion while a lower portion of the cage is thinned out in order to form an end lug with a hole for fixation of the cage. The upper portion of the cage is substantially of a lozenge shape for enclosing a cam with two noses placed substantially at 120.degree. with respect to each other. The cam displaces two substantially V-shaped parts bearing on inclined inner walls of the inner chamber while an open lower portion thereof contains trains of rollers kept in engagement with the above parts by a spring. The trains of rollers bear on an upper portion of a jack stem having at least one connection head.

Abstract: A steering wheel has a rim section, a hub section and a pair of spokes connecting the hub section to the rim section. The hub section includes a hub member of a metal including a cylindrical portion defining therein an axial bore for a steering shaft and an integral flange. The spokes include spoke cores made of a length of metal rod including a central arcuate bend extending along the junction between the cylindrical portion and the flange of the hub member, a pair of radially extending arms or opposite end portions and rising portions interconnecting the end portions and the central arcuate bend. The flange is formed therein with a pair of generally diametrically opposed notches with which the rising portions of the metal rod are engaged to form torque-transmitting connections. The hub member and the metal rod are rigidly secured together by a molded plastic layer surrounding the outer periphery of the hub member and the central arcuate bend and the rising portions of the metal rod.

Abstract: A pedal and a cyclist shoe with lateral guides and an operable lock on a platform attached to the crank of the pedal and a recess and a groove and/or projection on the sole of the shoe for respective engagement with the guides and lock of the platform.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive automatic transmission primarily consisting of an automatic transmission having a transmission case, a transmission gear mounted in the transmission case and an automatic transmission hydraulic control unit including a transmission valve body secured to the bottom surface of the transmission case; and a four-wheel drive transfer having a transfer case, a transfer unit mounted in the transfer case and a transfer hydraulic control unit including a transfer valve body secured to the bottom surface of the transfer case. The automatic transmission hydraulic control unit and the transfer hydraulic control unit communicate with each other by oil passages cast in the transmission case and in the transfer case.

Abstract: A hydro-mechanical power transmission for vehicles wherein optional two of the three elements of a planetary gearing serve as an input portion and an output portion, and the other element is driven at a steplessly variable speed by a static hydraulic speed change device which is operable by the input portion or the output portion. A change-over device is provided in a power transmission system for the speed change device to drive the other element in different speed ranges by switching the change-over device. For running on the road, the speed is widely variable from low to high, while for working, the running speed is finely adjustable within one of the speed ranges.

Abstract: A vehicle steerable differential which includes a cage which encloses a differential unit in a manner that rotation of the cage drives wheeled or tracked axles to propel the vehicle. The axles are operatively engaged to respective spur gears via intermediate roller gears. If there is no braking pressure applied to either one of the spur gears by a manual steering brake, the spur gears rotate with the cage and the vehicle maintains its direction of travel. If a braking force is applied to one of the spur gears however, causing its rotational velocity to slow relative to the cage, the intermediate roller gear which is engaged to the slowed spur gear is caused to rotate thereby increasing the rotational velocity of the corresponding axle and causing the vehicle to turn. The rotational velocity of the opposing axle is reduced by means of the differential unit. A quick turn is initiated by a quick turn assembly which causes a selected one of the spur gears to stop its rotation.

Abstract: In a planetary transmission (1) with two gearsets (4, 5), with which are coordinated two clutches (13, 14) and a brake (10) to produce different transmission ratios, one of the gearsets (4) is provided with a third clutch (15) to create a fourth shift, by means of which clutch a hollow gear (7) and the first gearset (4) is connectible to the driven shaft (3) when the sun gear (6) is braked and a hollow gear (11) of the second gearset (5) is connected to the driveshaft (2).

Abstract: A multi-speed accessory drive employing a planetary gear reduction set. A cone clutch linked to an output member, a ball ramp actuator for moving the cone clutch into engagement with the output member and a brake for selectively controlling the rotation of the ring gear of the planetary gear set.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for driving the auxiliary equipment of an automobile engine or other motor is disclosed. It comprises a rotating input shaft which is connected to the crankshaft of an engine and on which is rotatably mounted a drive pulley which belt-drives auxiliary equipment. A planetary cone reduction gear is housed inside the pulley and transmits drive force from the input shaft to the pulley. A mechanism for adjusting the reduction ratio of the reduction gear operates in response to centrifugal force to reduce the reduction ratio of the reduction gear as the speed of the input shaft increases. The adjusting mechanism comprises a gear whose center of gravity is eccentric with respect to its rotational center and a cylindrical cam which is rotated by the rotation of the gear and whose rotation exerts a longitudinally-directed force on a speed change ring of the reduction gear.

Abstract: A file guide for filing a depth gauge on a saw chain cutter having a cutting tooth with a cutting tip while the cutter is connected as a part of a continuous saw chain. The file guide is adapted to rest on the saw chain incorporating a plurality of cutters and includes an elongated base member having a slot to receive a portion of a depth gauge and at least one downward projection depending from said base member to engage with the cutting tooth to cause said base member to avoid contact with the cutting tip of the cutting tooth.

Abstract: A hammer having a helve which includes a core attached at one end to a hammer head and a grip surrounding the core, the grip having a pair of axially extending passages therethrough, the passages being located in diametrically opposed relation to each other along a direction which is parallel to the striking direction of the hammer head. The axially extending passages absorb shock by allowing the grip to deform when the hammer head strikes an object which allows the user to maintain a tight grip of the hammer.

Abstract: An extend-a-tool device including a main body integral with a pair of downwardly extending members having a cut out portion therebetween into which a handle of a wrench as well as handles of a pair of pliers can be inserted in a wedged-in manner. The main body and pair of downwardly extending members can have a substantially squared configuration and also can have a substantially cylindrical configuration. The cut out portion has a long-oval or egg-shaped configuration with edges located toward each other to restrict a bottom opening whereas the axially opposite openings of the cut out portion are adapted to receive a handle of the wrench as well as handles of pliers therein for a positive drive connection even when the extend-a-tool device is at an angle to the axis of the wrench, handles of pliers and other tools.